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 // Formatting library for C++ - the base API for char/UTF-8
 //
 // Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // For the license information refer to format.h.
 
 #ifndef FMT_BASE_H_
 #define FMT_BASE_H_
 
 #if defined(FMT_IMPORT_STD) && !defined(FMT_MODULE)
 #  define FMT_MODULE
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <limits.h>  // CHAR_BIT
 #  include <stdio.h>   // FILE
 #  include <string.h>  // memcmp
 
 #  include <type_traits>  // std::enable_if
 #endif
 
 // The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch.
 #define FMT_VERSION 110200
 
 // Detect compiler versions.
 #if defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
 #  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION (__clang_major__ * 100 + __clang_minor__)
 #else
 #  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION 0
 #endif
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
 #  define FMT_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__)
 #else
 #  define FMT_GCC_VERSION 0
 #endif
 #if defined(__ICL)
 #  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __ICL
 #elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
 #  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
 #else
 #  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
 #endif
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
 #  define FMT_MSC_VERSION _MSC_VER
 #else
 #  define FMT_MSC_VERSION 0
 #endif
 
 // Detect standard library versions.
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_RELEASE
 #  define FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE _GLIBCXX_RELEASE
 #else
 #  define FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE 0
 #endif
 #ifdef _LIBCPP_VERSION
 #  define FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION _LIBCPP_VERSION
 #else
 #  define FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION 0
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _MSVC_LANG
 #  define FMT_CPLUSPLUS _MSVC_LANG
 #else
 #  define FMT_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
 #endif
 
 // Detect __has_*.
 #ifdef __has_feature
 #  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) __has_feature(x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) 0
 #endif
 #ifdef __has_include
 #  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) __has_include(x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) 0
 #endif
 #ifdef __has_builtin
 #  define FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(x) __has_builtin(x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(x) 0
 #endif
 #ifdef __has_cpp_attribute
 #  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) __has_cpp_attribute(x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) 0
 #endif
 
 #define FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
   (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
 
 #define FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
   (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
 
 // Detect C++14 relaxed constexpr.
 #ifdef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 702 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L
 // GCC only allows constexpr member functions in non-literal types since 7.2:
 // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66297.
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 1
 #elif FMT_ICC_VERSION
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 0  // https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1628
 #elif FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_relaxed_constexpr) || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1912
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 1
 #else
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 0
 #endif
 #if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
 #  define FMT_CONSTEXPR constexpr
 #else
 #  define FMT_CONSTEXPR
 #endif
 
 // Detect consteval, C++20 constexpr extensions and std::is_constant_evaluated.
 #if !defined(__cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated)
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
 #elif FMT_CPLUSPLUS < 201709L
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
 #elif FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE && FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 10
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
 #elif FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION && FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION < 10000
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
 #elif defined(__apple_build_version__) && __apple_build_version__ < 14000029L
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0  // consteval is broken in Apple clang < 14.
 #elif FMT_MSC_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VERSION < 1929
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0  // consteval is broken in MSVC VS2019 < 16.10.
 #elif defined(__cpp_consteval)
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 1
 #elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1002 || FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1101
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 1
 #else
 #  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
 #endif
 #if FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL
 #  define FMT_CONSTEVAL consteval
 #  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20 constexpr
 #else
 #  define FMT_CONSTEVAL
 #  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20
 #endif
 
 // Check if exceptions are disabled.
 #ifdef FMT_USE_EXCEPTIONS
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
 #  define FMT_USE_EXCEPTIONS 0
 #elif defined(__clang__) && !defined(__cpp_exceptions)
 #  define FMT_USE_EXCEPTIONS 0
 #elif FMT_MSC_VERSION && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #  define FMT_USE_EXCEPTIONS 0
 #else
 #  define FMT_USE_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #endif
 #if FMT_USE_EXCEPTIONS
 #  define FMT_TRY try
 #  define FMT_CATCH(x) catch (x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_TRY if (true)
 #  define FMT_CATCH(x) if (false)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif FMT_CPLUSPLUS < 202002L
 // Not supported.
 #elif FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(no_unique_address)
 #  define FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS [[no_unique_address]]
 // VS2019 v16.10 and later except clang-cl (https://reviews.llvm.org/D110485).
 #elif FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1929 && !FMT_CLANG_VERSION
 #  define FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS [[msvc::no_unique_address]]
 #endif
 #ifndef FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 #  define FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 #endif
 
 #if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough)
 #  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
 #elif defined(__clang__)
 #  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
 #elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 700 && \
     (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 520)
 #  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[gnu::fallthrough]]
 #else
 #  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
 #endif
 
 // Disable [[noreturn]] on MSVC/NVCC because of bogus unreachable code warnings.
 #if FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) && !FMT_MSC_VERSION && !defined(__NVCC__)
 #  define FMT_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
 #else
 #  define FMT_NORETURN
 #endif
 
 #ifdef FMT_NODISCARD
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard)
 #  define FMT_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
 #else
 #  define FMT_NODISCARD
 #endif
 
 #ifdef FMT_DEPRECATED
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated)
 #  define FMT_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
 #else
 #  define FMT_DEPRECATED /* deprecated */
 #endif
 
 #if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
 #  define FMT_VISIBILITY(value) __attribute__((visibility(value)))
 #else
 #  define FMT_VISIBILITY(value)
 #endif
 
 // Detect pragmas.
 #define FMT_PRAGMA_IMPL(x) _Pragma(#x)
 #if FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 504 && !defined(__NVCOMPILER)
 // Workaround a _Pragma bug https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59884
 // and an nvhpc warning: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2582.
 #  define FMT_PRAGMA_GCC(x) FMT_PRAGMA_IMPL(GCC x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_PRAGMA_GCC(x)
 #endif
 #if FMT_CLANG_VERSION
 #  define FMT_PRAGMA_CLANG(x) FMT_PRAGMA_IMPL(clang x)
 #else
 #  define FMT_PRAGMA_CLANG(x)
 #endif
 #if FMT_MSC_VERSION
 #  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...) __pragma(warning(__VA_ARGS__))
 #else
 #  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...)
 #endif
 
 // Enable minimal optimizations for more compact code in debug mode.
 FMT_PRAGMA_GCC(push_options)
 #if !defined(__OPTIMIZE__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(FMT_MODULE)
 FMT_PRAGMA_GCC(optimize("Og"))
 #  define FMT_GCC_OPTIMIZED
 #endif
 FMT_PRAGMA_CLANG(diagnostic push)
 
 #ifdef FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
 #  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
 #else
 #  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline
 #endif
 // A version of FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE to prevent code bloat in debug mode.
 #if defined(NDEBUG) || defined(FMT_GCC_OPTIMIZED)
 #  define FMT_INLINE FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE
 #else
 #  define FMT_INLINE inline
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 #  define FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE \
     namespace fmt {           \
     inline namespace v11 {
 #  define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
     }                       \
     }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FMT_EXPORT
 #  define FMT_EXPORT
 #  define FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 #  define FMT_END_EXPORT
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #  define FMT_WIN32 1
 #else
 #  define FMT_WIN32 0
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY) && FMT_WIN32
 #  if defined(FMT_LIB_EXPORT)
 #    define FMT_API __declspec(dllexport)
 #  elif defined(FMT_SHARED)
 #    define FMT_API __declspec(dllimport)
 #  endif
 #elif defined(FMT_LIB_EXPORT) || defined(FMT_SHARED)
 #  define FMT_API FMT_VISIBILITY("default")
 #endif
 #ifndef FMT_API
 #  define FMT_API
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FMT_OPTIMIZE_SIZE
 #  define FMT_OPTIMIZE_SIZE 0
 #endif
 
 // FMT_BUILTIN_TYPE=0 may result in smaller library size at the cost of higher
 // per-call binary size by passing built-in types through the extension API.
 #ifndef FMT_BUILTIN_TYPES
 #  define FMT_BUILTIN_TYPES 1
 #endif
 
 #define FMT_APPLY_VARIADIC(expr) \
   using unused = int[];          \
   (void)unused { 0, (expr, 0)... }
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 // Implementations of enable_if_t and other metafunctions for older systems.
 template <bool B, typename T = void>
 using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
 template <bool B, typename T, typename F>
 using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
 template <bool B> using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
 template <typename T>
 using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
 template <typename T>
 using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
 template <typename T>
 using remove_cvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<remove_reference_t<T>>::type;
 template <typename T>
 using make_unsigned_t = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
 template <typename T>
 using underlying_t = typename std::underlying_type<T>::type;
 template <typename T> using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;
 using nullptr_t = decltype(nullptr);
 
 #if (FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 500) || FMT_MSC_VERSION
 // A workaround for gcc 4.9 & MSVC v141 to make void_t work in a SFINAE context.
 template <typename...> struct void_t_impl {
   using type = void;
 };
 template <typename... T> using void_t = typename void_t_impl<T...>::type;
 #else
 template <typename...> using void_t = void;
 #endif
 
 struct monostate {
   constexpr monostate() {}
 };
 
 // An enable_if helper to be used in template parameters which results in much
 // shorter symbols: https://godbolt.org/z/sWw4vP. Extra parentheses are needed
 // to workaround a bug in MSVC 2019 (see #1140 and #1186).
 #ifdef FMT_DOC
 #  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...)
 #else
 #  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...) fmt::enable_if_t<(__VA_ARGS__), int> = 0
 #endif
 
 template <typename T> constexpr auto min_of(T a, T b) -> T {
   return a < b ? a : b;
 }
 template <typename T> constexpr auto max_of(T a, T b) -> T {
   return a > b ? a : b;
 }
 
 namespace detail {
 // Suppresses "unused variable" warnings with the method described in
 // https://herbsutter.com/2009/10/18/mailbag-shutting-up-compiler-warnings/.
 // (void)var does not work on many Intel compilers.
 template <typename... T> FMT_CONSTEXPR void ignore_unused(const T&...) {}
 
 constexpr auto is_constant_evaluated(bool default_value = false) noexcept
     -> bool {
 // Workaround for incompatibility between clang 14 and libstdc++ consteval-based
 // std::is_constant_evaluated: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3247.
 #if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L && FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 12 && \
     (FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1400 && FMT_CLANG_VERSION < 1500)
   ignore_unused(default_value);
   return __builtin_is_constant_evaluated();
 #elif defined(__cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated)
   ignore_unused(default_value);
   return std::is_constant_evaluated();
 #else
   return default_value;
 #endif
 }
 
 // Suppresses "conditional expression is constant" warnings.
 template <typename T> FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE constexpr auto const_check(T val) -> T {
   return val;
 }
 
 FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void assert_fail(const char* file, int line,
                                       const char* message);
 
 #if defined(FMT_ASSERT)
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif defined(NDEBUG)
 // FMT_ASSERT is not empty to avoid -Wempty-body.
 #  define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message) \
     fmt::detail::ignore_unused((condition), (message))
 #else
 #  define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message)                                    \
     ((condition) /* void() fails with -Winvalid-constexpr on clang 4.0.1 */ \
          ? (void)0                                                          \
          : fmt::detail::assert_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, (message)))
 #endif
 
 #ifdef FMT_USE_INT128
 // Use the provided definition.
 #elif defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__NVCC__) && \
     !(FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VERSION)
 #  define FMT_USE_INT128 1
 using int128_opt = __int128_t;  // An optional native 128-bit integer.
 using uint128_opt = __uint128_t;
 inline auto map(int128_opt x) -> int128_opt { return x; }
 inline auto map(uint128_opt x) -> uint128_opt { return x; }
 #else
 #  define FMT_USE_INT128 0
 #endif
 #if !FMT_USE_INT128
 enum class int128_opt {};
 enum class uint128_opt {};
 // Reduce template instantiations.
 inline auto map(int128_opt) -> monostate { return {}; }
 inline auto map(uint128_opt) -> monostate { return {}; }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FMT_USE_BITINT
 #  define FMT_USE_BITINT (FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1500)
 #endif
 
 #if FMT_USE_BITINT
 FMT_PRAGMA_CLANG(diagnostic ignored "-Wbit-int-extension")
 template <int N> using bitint = _BitInt(N);
 template <int N> using ubitint = unsigned _BitInt(N);
 #else
 template <int N> struct bitint {};
 template <int N> struct ubitint {};
 #endif  // FMT_USE_BITINT
 
 // Casts a nonnegative integer to unsigned.
 template <typename Int>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto to_unsigned(Int value) -> make_unsigned_t<Int> {
   FMT_ASSERT(std::is_unsigned<Int>::value || value >= 0, "negative value");
   return static_cast<make_unsigned_t<Int>>(value);
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
 using unsigned_char = conditional_t<sizeof(Char) == 1, unsigned char, unsigned>;
 
 // A heuristic to detect std::string and std::[experimental::]string_view.
 // It is mainly used to avoid dependency on <[experimental/]string_view>.
 template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct is_std_string_like : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T>
 struct is_std_string_like<T, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().find_first_of(
                                  typename T::value_type(), 0))>>
     : std::is_convertible<decltype(std::declval<T>().data()),
                           const typename T::value_type*> {};
 
 // Check if the literal encoding is UTF-8.
 enum { is_utf8_enabled = "\u00A7"[1] == '\xA7' };
 enum { use_utf8 = !FMT_WIN32 || is_utf8_enabled };
 
 #ifndef FMT_UNICODE
 #  define FMT_UNICODE 1
 #endif
 
 static_assert(!FMT_UNICODE || use_utf8,
               "Unicode support requires compiling with /utf-8");
 
 template <typename T> constexpr const char* narrow(const T*) { return nullptr; }
 constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE const char* narrow(const char* s) { return s; }
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto compare(const Char* s1, const Char* s2, std::size_t n)
     -> int {
   if (!is_constant_evaluated() && sizeof(Char) == 1) return memcmp(s1, s2, n);
   for (; n != 0; ++s1, ++s2, --n) {
     if (*s1 < *s2) return -1;
     if (*s1 > *s2) return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 namespace adl {
 using namespace std;
 
 template <typename Container>
 auto invoke_back_inserter()
     -> decltype(back_inserter(std::declval<Container&>()));
 }  // namespace adl
 
 template <typename It, typename Enable = std::true_type>
 struct is_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename It>
 struct is_back_insert_iterator<
     It, bool_constant<std::is_same<
             decltype(adl::invoke_back_inserter<typename It::container_type>()),
             It>::value>> : std::true_type {};
 
 // Extracts a reference to the container from *insert_iterator.
 template <typename OutputIt>
 inline FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto get_container(OutputIt it) ->
     typename OutputIt::container_type& {
   struct accessor : OutputIt {
     FMT_CONSTEXPR20 accessor(OutputIt base) : OutputIt(base) {}
     using OutputIt::container;
   };
   return *accessor(it).container;
 }
 }  // namespace detail
 
 // Parsing-related public API and forward declarations.
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 /**
  * An implementation of `std::basic_string_view` for pre-C++17. It provides a
  * subset of the API. `fmt::basic_string_view` is used for format strings even
  * if `std::basic_string_view` is available to prevent issues when a library is
  * compiled with a different `-std` option than the client code (which is not
  * recommended).
  */
 template <typename Char> class basic_string_view {
  private:
   const Char* data_;
   size_t size_;
 
  public:
   using value_type = Char;
   using iterator = const Char*;
 
   constexpr basic_string_view() noexcept : data_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
 
   /// Constructs a string view object from a C string and a size.
   constexpr basic_string_view(const Char* s, size_t count) noexcept
       : data_(s), size_(count) {}
 
   constexpr basic_string_view(nullptr_t) = delete;
 
   /// Constructs a string view object from a C string.
 #if FMT_GCC_VERSION
   FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE
 #endif
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 basic_string_view(const Char* s) : data_(s) {
 #if FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_strlen) || FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
     if (std::is_same<Char, char>::value && !detail::is_constant_evaluated()) {
       size_ = __builtin_strlen(detail::narrow(s));  // strlen is not costexpr.
       return;
     }
 #endif
     size_t len = 0;
     while (*s++) ++len;
     size_ = len;
   }
 
   /// Constructs a string view from a `std::basic_string` or a
   /// `std::basic_string_view` object.
   template <typename S,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_std_string_like<S>::value&& std::is_same<
                           typename S::value_type, Char>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const S& s) noexcept
       : data_(s.data()), size_(s.size()) {}
 
   /// Returns a pointer to the string data.
   constexpr auto data() const noexcept -> const Char* { return data_; }
 
   /// Returns the string size.
   constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_t { return size_; }
 
   constexpr auto begin() const noexcept -> iterator { return data_; }
   constexpr auto end() const noexcept -> iterator { return data_ + size_; }
 
   constexpr auto operator[](size_t pos) const noexcept -> const Char& {
     return data_[pos];
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_t n) noexcept {
     data_ += n;
     size_ -= n;
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto starts_with(basic_string_view<Char> sv) const noexcept
       -> bool {
     return size_ >= sv.size_ && detail::compare(data_, sv.data_, sv.size_) == 0;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto starts_with(Char c) const noexcept -> bool {
     return size_ >= 1 && *data_ == c;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto starts_with(const Char* s) const -> bool {
     return starts_with(basic_string_view<Char>(s));
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto compare(basic_string_view other) const -> int {
     int result =
         detail::compare(data_, other.data_, min_of(size_, other.size_));
     if (result != 0) return result;
     return size_ == other.size_ ? 0 : (size_ < other.size_ ? -1 : 1);
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR friend auto operator==(basic_string_view lhs,
                                        basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
   }
   friend auto operator!=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
   }
   friend auto operator<(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
   }
   friend auto operator<=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
   }
   friend auto operator>(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
   }
   friend auto operator>=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
   }
 };
 
 using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
 
 // DEPRECATED! Will be merged with is_char and moved to detail.
 template <typename T> struct is_xchar : std::false_type {};
 template <> struct is_xchar<wchar_t> : std::true_type {};
 template <> struct is_xchar<char16_t> : std::true_type {};
 template <> struct is_xchar<char32_t> : std::true_type {};
 #ifdef __cpp_char8_t
 template <> struct is_xchar<char8_t> : std::true_type {};
 #endif
 
 // Specifies if `T` is a character (code unit) type.
 template <typename T> struct is_char : is_xchar<T> {};
 template <> struct is_char<char> : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename T> class basic_appender;
 using appender = basic_appender<char>;
 
 // Checks whether T is a container with contiguous storage.
 template <typename T> struct is_contiguous : std::false_type {};
 
 class context;
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class generic_context;
 template <typename Char> class parse_context;
 
 // Longer aliases for C++20 compatibility.
 template <typename Char> using basic_format_parse_context = parse_context<Char>;
 using format_parse_context = parse_context<char>;
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
 using basic_format_context =
     conditional_t<std::is_same<OutputIt, appender>::value, context,
                   generic_context<OutputIt, Char>>;
 using format_context = context;
 
 template <typename Char>
 using buffered_context =
     conditional_t<std::is_same<Char, char>::value, context,
                   generic_context<basic_appender<Char>, Char>>;
 
 template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg;
 template <typename Context> class basic_format_args;
 
 // A separate type would result in shorter symbols but break ABI compatibility
 // between clang and gcc on ARM (#1919).
 using format_args = basic_format_args<context>;
 
 // A formatter for objects of type T.
 template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
 struct formatter {
   // A deleted default constructor indicates a disabled formatter.
   formatter() = delete;
 };
 
 /// Reports a format error at compile time or, via a `format_error` exception,
 /// at runtime.
 // This function is intentionally not constexpr to give a compile-time error.
 FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void report_error(const char* message);
 
 enum class presentation_type : unsigned char {
   // Common specifiers:
   none = 0,
   debug = 1,   // '?'
   string = 2,  // 's' (string, bool)
 
   // Integral, bool and character specifiers:
   dec = 3,  // 'd'
   hex,      // 'x' or 'X'
   oct,      // 'o'
   bin,      // 'b' or 'B'
   chr,      // 'c'
 
   // String and pointer specifiers:
   pointer = 3,  // 'p'
 
   // Floating-point specifiers:
   exp = 1,  // 'e' or 'E' (1 since there is no FP debug presentation)
   fixed,    // 'f' or 'F'
   general,  // 'g' or 'G'
   hexfloat  // 'a' or 'A'
 };
 
 enum class align { none, left, right, center, numeric };
 enum class sign { none, minus, plus, space };
 enum class arg_id_kind { none, index, name };
 
 // Basic format specifiers for built-in and string types.
 class basic_specs {
  private:
   // Data is arranged as follows:
   //
   //  0                   1                   2                   3
   //  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   // +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   // |type |align| w | p | s |u|#|L|  f  |          unused           |
   // +-----+-----+---+---+---+-+-+-+-----+---------------------------+
   //
   //   w - dynamic width info
   //   p - dynamic precision info
   //   s - sign
   //   u - uppercase (e.g. 'X' for 'x')
   //   # - alternate form ('#')
   //   L - localized
   //   f - fill size
   //
   // Bitfields are not used because of compiler bugs such as gcc bug 61414.
   enum : unsigned {
     type_mask = 0x00007,
     align_mask = 0x00038,
     width_mask = 0x000C0,
     precision_mask = 0x00300,
     sign_mask = 0x00C00,
     uppercase_mask = 0x01000,
     alternate_mask = 0x02000,
     localized_mask = 0x04000,
     fill_size_mask = 0x38000,
 
     align_shift = 3,
     width_shift = 6,
     precision_shift = 8,
     sign_shift = 10,
     fill_size_shift = 15,
 
     max_fill_size = 4
   };
 
   unsigned data_ = 1 << fill_size_shift;
   static_assert(sizeof(basic_specs::data_) * CHAR_BIT >= 18, "");
 
   // Character (code unit) type is erased to prevent template bloat.
   char fill_data_[max_fill_size] = {' '};
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_fill_size(size_t size) {
     data_ = (data_ & ~fill_size_mask) |
             (static_cast<unsigned>(size) << fill_size_shift);
   }
 
  public:
   constexpr auto type() const -> presentation_type {
     return static_cast<presentation_type>(data_ & type_mask);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_type(presentation_type t) {
     data_ = (data_ & ~type_mask) | static_cast<unsigned>(t);
   }
 
   constexpr auto align() const -> align {
     return static_cast<fmt::align>((data_ & align_mask) >> align_shift);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_align(fmt::align a) {
     data_ = (data_ & ~align_mask) | (static_cast<unsigned>(a) << align_shift);
   }
 
   constexpr auto dynamic_width() const -> arg_id_kind {
     return static_cast<arg_id_kind>((data_ & width_mask) >> width_shift);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_dynamic_width(arg_id_kind w) {
     data_ = (data_ & ~width_mask) | (static_cast<unsigned>(w) << width_shift);
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto dynamic_precision() const -> arg_id_kind {
     return static_cast<arg_id_kind>((data_ & precision_mask) >>
                                     precision_shift);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_dynamic_precision(arg_id_kind p) {
     data_ = (data_ & ~precision_mask) |
             (static_cast<unsigned>(p) << precision_shift);
   }
 
   constexpr bool dynamic() const {
     return (data_ & (width_mask | precision_mask)) != 0;
   }
 
   constexpr auto sign() const -> sign {
     return static_cast<fmt::sign>((data_ & sign_mask) >> sign_shift);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_sign(fmt::sign s) {
     data_ = (data_ & ~sign_mask) | (static_cast<unsigned>(s) << sign_shift);
   }
 
   constexpr auto upper() const -> bool { return (data_ & uppercase_mask) != 0; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_upper() { data_ |= uppercase_mask; }
 
   constexpr auto alt() const -> bool { return (data_ & alternate_mask) != 0; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_alt() { data_ |= alternate_mask; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void clear_alt() { data_ &= ~alternate_mask; }
 
   constexpr auto localized() const -> bool {
     return (data_ & localized_mask) != 0;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_localized() { data_ |= localized_mask; }
 
   constexpr auto fill_size() const -> size_t {
     return (data_ & fill_size_mask) >> fill_size_shift;
   }
 
   template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
   constexpr auto fill() const -> const Char* {
     return fill_data_;
   }
   template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
   constexpr auto fill() const -> const Char* {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   template <typename Char> constexpr auto fill_unit() const -> Char {
     using uchar = unsigned char;
     return static_cast<Char>(static_cast<uchar>(fill_data_[0]) |
                              (static_cast<uchar>(fill_data_[1]) << 8) |
                              (static_cast<uchar>(fill_data_[2]) << 16));
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_fill(char c) {
     fill_data_[0] = c;
     set_fill_size(1);
   }
 
   template <typename Char>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_fill(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
     auto size = s.size();
     set_fill_size(size);
     if (size == 1) {
       unsigned uchar = static_cast<detail::unsigned_char<Char>>(s[0]);
       fill_data_[0] = static_cast<char>(uchar);
       fill_data_[1] = static_cast<char>(uchar >> 8);
       fill_data_[2] = static_cast<char>(uchar >> 16);
       return;
     }
     FMT_ASSERT(size <= max_fill_size, "invalid fill");
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
       fill_data_[i & 3] = static_cast<char>(s[i]);
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void copy_fill_from(const basic_specs& specs) {
     set_fill_size(specs.fill_size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < max_fill_size; ++i)
       fill_data_[i] = specs.fill_data_[i];
   }
 };
 
 // Format specifiers for built-in and string types.
 struct format_specs : basic_specs {
   int width;
   int precision;
 
   constexpr format_specs() : width(0), precision(-1) {}
 };
 
 /**
  * Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an
  * argument counter for automatic indexing.
  */
 template <typename Char = char> class parse_context {
  private:
   basic_string_view<Char> fmt_;
   int next_arg_id_;
 
   enum { use_constexpr_cast = !FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1200 };
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void do_check_arg_id(int arg_id);
 
  public:
   using char_type = Char;
   using iterator = const Char*;
 
   constexpr explicit parse_context(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
                                    int next_arg_id = 0)
       : fmt_(fmt), next_arg_id_(next_arg_id) {}
 
   /// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being
   /// parsed.
   constexpr auto begin() const noexcept -> iterator { return fmt_.begin(); }
 
   /// Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed.
   constexpr auto end() const noexcept -> iterator { return fmt_.end(); }
 
   /// Advances the begin iterator to `it`.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator it) {
     fmt_.remove_prefix(detail::to_unsigned(it - begin()));
   }
 
   /// Reports an error if using the manual argument indexing; otherwise returns
   /// the next argument index and switches to the automatic indexing.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
     if (next_arg_id_ < 0) {
       report_error("cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
       return 0;
     }
     int id = next_arg_id_++;
     do_check_arg_id(id);
     return id;
   }
 
   /// Reports an error if using the automatic argument indexing; otherwise
   /// switches to the manual indexing.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
     if (next_arg_id_ > 0) {
       report_error("cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
       return;
     }
     next_arg_id_ = -1;
     do_check_arg_id(id);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {
     next_arg_id_ = -1;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id);
 };
 
 FMT_END_EXPORT
 
 namespace detail {
 
 // Constructs fmt::basic_string_view<Char> from types implicitly convertible
 // to it, deducing Char. Explicitly convertible types such as the ones returned
 // from FMT_STRING are intentionally excluded.
 template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<Char>::value)>
 constexpr auto to_string_view(const Char* s) -> basic_string_view<Char> {
   return s;
 }
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_std_string_like<T>::value)>
 constexpr auto to_string_view(const T& s)
     -> basic_string_view<typename T::value_type> {
   return s;
 }
 template <typename Char>
 constexpr auto to_string_view(basic_string_view<Char> s)
     -> basic_string_view<Char> {
   return s;
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct has_to_string_view : std::false_type {};
 // detail:: is intentional since to_string_view is not an extension point.
 template <typename T>
 struct has_to_string_view<
     T, void_t<decltype(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<T>()))>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
 /// String's character (code unit) type. detail:: is intentional to prevent ADL.
 template <typename S,
           typename V = decltype(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<S>()))>
 using char_t = typename V::value_type;
 
 enum class type {
   none_type,
   // Integer types should go first,
   int_type,
   uint_type,
   long_long_type,
   ulong_long_type,
   int128_type,
   uint128_type,
   bool_type,
   char_type,
   last_integer_type = char_type,
   // followed by floating-point types.
   float_type,
   double_type,
   long_double_type,
   last_numeric_type = long_double_type,
   cstring_type,
   string_type,
   pointer_type,
   custom_type
 };
 
 // Maps core type T to the corresponding type enum constant.
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct type_constant : std::integral_constant<type, type::custom_type> {};
 
 #define FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Type, constant) \
   template <typename Char>                \
   struct type_constant<Type, Char>        \
       : std::integral_constant<type, type::constant> {}
 
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int, int_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned, uint_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long long, long_long_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned long long, ulong_long_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int128_opt, int128_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(uint128_opt, uint128_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(bool, bool_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Char, char_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(float, float_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(double, double_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long double, long_double_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const Char*, cstring_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(basic_string_view<Char>, string_type);
 FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const void*, pointer_type);
 
 constexpr auto is_integral_type(type t) -> bool {
   return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_integer_type;
 }
 constexpr auto is_arithmetic_type(type t) -> bool {
   return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_numeric_type;
 }
 
 constexpr auto set(type rhs) -> int { return 1 << static_cast<int>(rhs); }
 constexpr auto in(type t, int set) -> bool {
   return ((set >> static_cast<int>(t)) & 1) != 0;
 }
 
 // Bitsets of types.
 enum {
   sint_set =
       set(type::int_type) | set(type::long_long_type) | set(type::int128_type),
   uint_set = set(type::uint_type) | set(type::ulong_long_type) |
              set(type::uint128_type),
   bool_set = set(type::bool_type),
   char_set = set(type::char_type),
   float_set = set(type::float_type) | set(type::double_type) |
               set(type::long_double_type),
   string_set = set(type::string_type),
   cstring_set = set(type::cstring_type),
   pointer_set = set(type::pointer_type)
 };
 
 struct view {};
 
 template <typename T, typename Enable = std::true_type>
 struct is_view : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T>
 struct is_view<T, bool_constant<sizeof(T) != 0>> : std::is_base_of<view, T> {};
 
 template <typename Char, typename T> struct named_arg;
 template <typename T> struct is_named_arg : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T> struct is_static_named_arg : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename Char, typename T>
 struct is_named_arg<named_arg<Char, T>> : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename Char, typename T> struct named_arg : view {
   const Char* name;
   const T& value;
 
   named_arg(const Char* n, const T& v) : name(n), value(v) {}
   static_assert(!is_named_arg<T>::value, "nested named arguments");
 };
 
 template <bool B = false> constexpr auto count() -> int { return B ? 1 : 0; }
 template <bool B1, bool B2, bool... Tail> constexpr auto count() -> int {
   return (B1 ? 1 : 0) + count<B2, Tail...>();
 }
 
 template <typename... Args> constexpr auto count_named_args() -> int {
   return count<is_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
 }
 template <typename... Args> constexpr auto count_static_named_args() -> int {
   return count<is_static_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
 }
 
 template <typename Char> struct named_arg_info {
   const Char* name;
   int id;
 };
 
 // named_args is non-const to suppress a bogus -Wmaybe-uninitalized in gcc 13.
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_for_duplicate(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args,
                                        int named_arg_index,
                                        basic_string_view<Char> arg_name) {
   for (int i = 0; i < named_arg_index; ++i) {
     if (named_args[i].name == arg_name) report_error("duplicate named arg");
   }
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_named_arg<T>::value)>
 void init_named_arg(named_arg_info<Char>*, int& arg_index, int&, const T&) {
   ++arg_index;
 }
 template <typename Char, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
 void init_named_arg(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int& arg_index,
                     int& named_arg_index, const T& arg) {
   check_for_duplicate<Char>(named_args, named_arg_index, arg.name);
   named_args[named_arg_index++] = {arg.name, arg_index++};
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename Char,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_static_named_arg<T>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void init_static_named_arg(named_arg_info<Char>*, int& arg_index,
                                          int&) {
   ++arg_index;
 }
 template <typename T, typename Char,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_static_named_arg<T>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void init_static_named_arg(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args,
                                          int& arg_index, int& named_arg_index) {
   check_for_duplicate<Char>(named_args, named_arg_index, T::name);
   named_args[named_arg_index++] = {T::name, arg_index++};
 }
 
 // To minimize the number of types we need to deal with, long is translated
 // either to int or to long long depending on its size.
 enum { long_short = sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) && FMT_BUILTIN_TYPES };
 using long_type = conditional_t<long_short, int, long long>;
 using ulong_type = conditional_t<long_short, unsigned, unsigned long long>;
 
 template <typename T>
 using format_as_result =
     remove_cvref_t<decltype(format_as(std::declval<const T&>()))>;
 template <typename T>
 using format_as_member_result =
     remove_cvref_t<decltype(formatter<T>::format_as(std::declval<const T&>()))>;
 
 template <typename T, typename Enable = std::true_type>
 struct use_format_as : std::false_type {};
 // format_as member is only used to avoid injection into the std namespace.
 template <typename T, typename Enable = std::true_type>
 struct use_format_as_member : std::false_type {};
 
 // Only map owning types because mapping views can be unsafe.
 template <typename T>
 struct use_format_as<
     T, bool_constant<std::is_arithmetic<format_as_result<T>>::value>>
     : std::true_type {};
 template <typename T>
 struct use_format_as_member<
     T, bool_constant<std::is_arithmetic<format_as_member_result<T>>::value>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename T, typename U = remove_const_t<T>>
 using use_formatter =
     bool_constant<(std::is_class<T>::value || std::is_enum<T>::value ||
                    std::is_union<T>::value || std::is_array<T>::value) &&
                   !has_to_string_view<T>::value && !is_named_arg<T>::value &&
                   !use_format_as<T>::value && !use_format_as_member<U>::value>;
 
 template <typename Char, typename T, typename U = remove_const_t<T>>
 auto has_formatter_impl(T* p, buffered_context<Char>* ctx = nullptr)
     -> decltype(formatter<U, Char>().format(*p, *ctx), std::true_type());
 template <typename Char> auto has_formatter_impl(...) -> std::false_type;
 
 // T can be const-qualified to check if it is const-formattable.
 template <typename T, typename Char> constexpr auto has_formatter() -> bool {
   return decltype(has_formatter_impl<Char>(static_cast<T*>(nullptr)))::value;
 }
 
 // Maps formatting argument types to natively supported types or user-defined
 // types with formatters. Returns void on errors to be SFINAE-friendly.
 template <typename Char> struct type_mapper {
   static auto map(signed char) -> int;
   static auto map(unsigned char) -> unsigned;
   static auto map(short) -> int;
   static auto map(unsigned short) -> unsigned;
   static auto map(int) -> int;
   static auto map(unsigned) -> unsigned;
   static auto map(long) -> long_type;
   static auto map(unsigned long) -> ulong_type;
   static auto map(long long) -> long long;
   static auto map(unsigned long long) -> unsigned long long;
   static auto map(int128_opt) -> int128_opt;
   static auto map(uint128_opt) -> uint128_opt;
   static auto map(bool) -> bool;
 
   template <int N>
   static auto map(bitint<N>) -> conditional_t<N <= 64, long long, void>;
   template <int N>
   static auto map(ubitint<N>)
       -> conditional_t<N <= 64, unsigned long long, void>;
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<T>::value)>
   static auto map(T) -> conditional_t<
       std::is_same<T, char>::value || std::is_same<T, Char>::value, Char, void>;
 
   static auto map(float) -> float;
   static auto map(double) -> double;
   static auto map(long double) -> long double;
 
   static auto map(Char*) -> const Char*;
   static auto map(const Char*) -> const Char*;
   template <typename T, typename C = char_t<T>,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_pointer<T>::value)>
   static auto map(const T&) -> conditional_t<std::is_same<C, Char>::value,
                                              basic_string_view<C>, void>;
 
   static auto map(void*) -> const void*;
   static auto map(const void*) -> const void*;
   static auto map(volatile void*) -> const void*;
   static auto map(const volatile void*) -> const void*;
   static auto map(nullptr_t) -> const void*;
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_pointer<T>::value ||
                                       std::is_member_pointer<T>::value)>
   static auto map(const T&) -> void;
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(use_format_as<T>::value)>
   static auto map(const T& x) -> decltype(map(format_as(x)));
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(use_format_as_member<T>::value)>
   static auto map(const T& x) -> decltype(map(formatter<T>::format_as(x)));
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(use_formatter<T>::value)>
   static auto map(T&) -> conditional_t<has_formatter<T, Char>(), T&, void>;
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
   static auto map(const T& named_arg) -> decltype(map(named_arg.value));
 };
 
 // detail:: is used to workaround a bug in MSVC 2017.
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 using mapped_t = decltype(detail::type_mapper<Char>::map(std::declval<T&>()));
 
 // A type constant after applying type_mapper.
 template <typename T, typename Char = char>
 using mapped_type_constant = type_constant<mapped_t<T, Char>, Char>;
 
 template <typename T, typename Context,
           type TYPE =
               mapped_type_constant<T, typename Context::char_type>::value>
 using stored_type_constant = std::integral_constant<
     type, Context::builtin_types || TYPE == type::int_type ? TYPE
                                                            : type::custom_type>;
 // A parse context with extra data used only in compile-time checks.
 template <typename Char>
 class compile_parse_context : public parse_context<Char> {
  private:
   int num_args_;
   const type* types_;
   using base = parse_context<Char>;
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit compile_parse_context(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
                                                int num_args, const type* types,
                                                int next_arg_id = 0)
       : base(fmt, next_arg_id), num_args_(num_args), types_(types) {}
 
   constexpr auto num_args() const -> int { return num_args_; }
   constexpr auto arg_type(int id) const -> type { return types_[id]; }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
     int id = base::next_arg_id();
     if (id >= num_args_) report_error("argument not found");
     return id;
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
     base::check_arg_id(id);
     if (id >= num_args_) report_error("argument not found");
   }
   using base::check_arg_id;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id) {
     ignore_unused(arg_id);
     if (arg_id < num_args_ && types_ && !is_integral_type(types_[arg_id]))
       report_error("width/precision is not integer");
   }
 };
 
 // An argument reference.
 template <typename Char> union arg_ref {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref(int idx = 0) : index(idx) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> n) : name(n) {}
 
   int index;
   basic_string_view<Char> name;
 };
 
 // Format specifiers with width and precision resolved at formatting rather
 // than parsing time to allow reusing the same parsed specifiers with
 // different sets of arguments (precompilation of format strings).
 template <typename Char = char> struct dynamic_format_specs : format_specs {
   arg_ref<Char> width_ref;
   arg_ref<Char> precision_ref;
 };
 
 // Converts a character to ASCII. Returns '\0' on conversion failure.
 template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Char>::value)>
 constexpr auto to_ascii(Char c) -> char {
   return c <= 0xff ? static_cast<char>(c) : '\0';
 }
 
 // Returns the number of code units in a code point or 1 on error.
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto code_point_length(const Char* begin) -> int {
   if (const_check(sizeof(Char) != 1)) return 1;
   auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*begin);
   return static_cast<int>((0x3a55000000000000ull >> (2 * (c >> 3))) & 3) + 1;
 }
 
 // Parses the range [begin, end) as an unsigned integer. This function assumes
 // that the range is non-empty and the first character is a digit.
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_nonnegative_int(const Char*& begin, const Char* end,
                                          int error_value) noexcept -> int {
   FMT_ASSERT(begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9', "");
   unsigned value = 0, prev = 0;
   auto p = begin;
   do {
     prev = value;
     value = value * 10 + unsigned(*p - '0');
     ++p;
   } while (p != end && '0' <= *p && *p <= '9');
   auto num_digits = p - begin;
   begin = p;
   int digits10 = static_cast<int>(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT * 3 / 10);
   if (num_digits <= digits10) return static_cast<int>(value);
   // Check for overflow.
   unsigned max = INT_MAX;
   return num_digits == digits10 + 1 &&
                  prev * 10ull + unsigned(p[-1] - '0') <= max
              ? static_cast<int>(value)
              : error_value;
 }
 
 FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto parse_align(char c) -> align {
   switch (c) {
   case '<': return align::left;
   case '>': return align::right;
   case '^': return align::center;
   }
   return align::none;
 }
 
 template <typename Char> constexpr auto is_name_start(Char c) -> bool {
   return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || c == '_';
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename Handler>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
                                 Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
   Char c = *begin;
   if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
     int index = 0;
     if (c != '0')
       index = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, INT_MAX);
     else
       ++begin;
     if (begin == end || (*begin != '}' && *begin != ':'))
       report_error("invalid format string");
     else
       handler.on_index(index);
     return begin;
   }
   if (FMT_OPTIMIZE_SIZE > 1 || !is_name_start(c)) {
     report_error("invalid format string");
     return begin;
   }
   auto it = begin;
   do {
     ++it;
   } while (it != end && (is_name_start(*it) || ('0' <= *it && *it <= '9')));
   handler.on_name({begin, to_unsigned(it - begin)});
   return it;
 }
 
 template <typename Char> struct dynamic_spec_handler {
   parse_context<Char>& ctx;
   arg_ref<Char>& ref;
   arg_id_kind& kind;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_index(int id) {
     ref = id;
     kind = arg_id_kind::index;
     ctx.check_arg_id(id);
     ctx.check_dynamic_spec(id);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_name(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
     ref = id;
     kind = arg_id_kind::name;
     ctx.check_arg_id(id);
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Char> struct parse_dynamic_spec_result {
   const Char* end;
   arg_id_kind kind;
 };
 
 // Parses integer | "{" [arg_id] "}".
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_dynamic_spec(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
                                       int& value, arg_ref<Char>& ref,
                                       parse_context<Char>& ctx)
     -> parse_dynamic_spec_result<Char> {
   FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
   auto kind = arg_id_kind::none;
   if ('0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9') {
     int val = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, -1);
     if (val == -1) report_error("number is too big");
     value = val;
   } else {
     if (*begin == '{') {
       ++begin;
       if (begin != end) {
         Char c = *begin;
         if (c == '}' || c == ':') {
           int id = ctx.next_arg_id();
           ref = id;
           kind = arg_id_kind::index;
           ctx.check_dynamic_spec(id);
         } else {
           begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end,
                                dynamic_spec_handler<Char>{ctx, ref, kind});
         }
       }
       if (begin != end && *begin == '}') return {++begin, kind};
     }
     report_error("invalid format string");
   }
   return {begin, kind};
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_width(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
                                format_specs& specs, arg_ref<Char>& width_ref,
                                parse_context<Char>& ctx) -> const Char* {
   auto result = parse_dynamic_spec(begin, end, specs.width, width_ref, ctx);
   specs.set_dynamic_width(result.kind);
   return result.end;
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_precision(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
                                    format_specs& specs,
                                    arg_ref<Char>& precision_ref,
                                    parse_context<Char>& ctx) -> const Char* {
   ++begin;
   if (begin == end) {
     report_error("invalid precision");
     return begin;
   }
   auto result =
       parse_dynamic_spec(begin, end, specs.precision, precision_ref, ctx);
   specs.set_dynamic_precision(result.kind);
   return result.end;
 }
 
 enum class state { start, align, sign, hash, zero, width, precision, locale };
 
 // Parses standard format specifiers.
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_format_specs(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
                                       dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
                                       parse_context<Char>& ctx, type arg_type)
     -> const Char* {
   auto c = '\0';
   if (end - begin > 1) {
     auto next = to_ascii(begin[1]);
     c = parse_align(next) == align::none ? to_ascii(*begin) : '\0';
   } else {
     if (begin == end) return begin;
     c = to_ascii(*begin);
   }
 
   struct {
     state current_state = state::start;
     FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(state s, bool valid = true) {
       if (current_state >= s || !valid)
         report_error("invalid format specifier");
       current_state = s;
     }
   } enter_state;
 
   using pres = presentation_type;
   constexpr auto integral_set = sint_set | uint_set | bool_set | char_set;
   struct {
     const Char*& begin;
     format_specs& specs;
     type arg_type;
 
     FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(pres pres_type, int set) -> const Char* {
       if (!in(arg_type, set)) report_error("invalid format specifier");
       specs.set_type(pres_type);
       return begin + 1;
     }
   } parse_presentation_type{begin, specs, arg_type};
 
   for (;;) {
     switch (c) {
     case '<':
     case '>':
     case '^':
       enter_state(state::align);
       specs.set_align(parse_align(c));
       ++begin;
       break;
     case '+':
     case ' ':
       specs.set_sign(c == ' ' ? sign::space : sign::plus);
       FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case '-':
       enter_state(state::sign, in(arg_type, sint_set | float_set));
       ++begin;
       break;
     case '#':
       enter_state(state::hash, is_arithmetic_type(arg_type));
       specs.set_alt();
       ++begin;
       break;
     case '0':
       enter_state(state::zero);
       if (!is_arithmetic_type(arg_type))
         report_error("format specifier requires numeric argument");
       if (specs.align() == align::none) {
         // Ignore 0 if align is specified for compatibility with std::format.
         specs.set_align(align::numeric);
         specs.set_fill('0');
       }
       ++begin;
       break;
       // clang-format off
     case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5':
     case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': case '{':
       // clang-format on
       enter_state(state::width);
       begin = parse_width(begin, end, specs, specs.width_ref, ctx);
       break;
     case '.':
       enter_state(state::precision,
                   in(arg_type, float_set | string_set | cstring_set));
       begin = parse_precision(begin, end, specs, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
       break;
     case 'L':
       enter_state(state::locale, is_arithmetic_type(arg_type));
       specs.set_localized();
       ++begin;
       break;
     case 'd': return parse_presentation_type(pres::dec, integral_set);
     case 'X': specs.set_upper(); FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'x': return parse_presentation_type(pres::hex, integral_set);
     case 'o': return parse_presentation_type(pres::oct, integral_set);
     case 'B': specs.set_upper(); FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'b': return parse_presentation_type(pres::bin, integral_set);
     case 'E': specs.set_upper(); FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'e': return parse_presentation_type(pres::exp, float_set);
     case 'F': specs.set_upper(); FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'f': return parse_presentation_type(pres::fixed, float_set);
     case 'G': specs.set_upper(); FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'g': return parse_presentation_type(pres::general, float_set);
     case 'A': specs.set_upper(); FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
     case 'a': return parse_presentation_type(pres::hexfloat, float_set);
     case 'c':
       if (arg_type == type::bool_type) report_error("invalid format specifier");
       return parse_presentation_type(pres::chr, integral_set);
     case 's':
       return parse_presentation_type(pres::string,
                                      bool_set | string_set | cstring_set);
     case 'p':
       return parse_presentation_type(pres::pointer, pointer_set | cstring_set);
     case '?':
       return parse_presentation_type(pres::debug,
                                      char_set | string_set | cstring_set);
     case '}': return begin;
     default:  {
       if (*begin == '}') return begin;
       // Parse fill and alignment.
       auto fill_end = begin + code_point_length(begin);
       if (end - fill_end <= 0) {
         report_error("invalid format specifier");
         return begin;
       }
       if (*begin == '{') {
         report_error("invalid fill character '{'");
         return begin;
       }
       auto alignment = parse_align(to_ascii(*fill_end));
       enter_state(state::align, alignment != align::none);
       specs.set_fill(
           basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(fill_end - begin)));
       specs.set_align(alignment);
       begin = fill_end + 1;
     }
     }
     if (begin == end) return begin;
     c = to_ascii(*begin);
   }
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename Handler>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto parse_replacement_field(const Char* begin,
                                                       const Char* end,
                                                       Handler&& handler)
     -> const Char* {
   ++begin;
   if (begin == end) {
     handler.on_error("invalid format string");
     return end;
   }
   int arg_id = 0;
   switch (*begin) {
   case '}':
     handler.on_replacement_field(handler.on_arg_id(), begin);
     return begin + 1;
   case '{': handler.on_text(begin, begin + 1); return begin + 1;
   case ':': arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(); break;
   default:  {
     struct id_adapter {
       Handler& handler;
       int arg_id;
 
       FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_index(int id) { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id); }
       FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_name(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
         arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id);
       }
     } adapter = {handler, 0};
     begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, adapter);
     arg_id = adapter.arg_id;
     Char c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
     if (c == '}') {
       handler.on_replacement_field(arg_id, begin);
       return begin + 1;
     }
     if (c != ':') {
       handler.on_error("missing '}' in format string");
       return end;
     }
     break;
   }
   }
   begin = handler.on_format_specs(arg_id, begin + 1, end);
   if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
     return handler.on_error("unknown format specifier"), end;
   return begin + 1;
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename Handler>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void parse_format_string(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
                                        Handler&& handler) {
   auto begin = fmt.data(), end = begin + fmt.size();
   auto p = begin;
   while (p != end) {
     auto c = *p++;
     if (c == '{') {
       handler.on_text(begin, p - 1);
       begin = p = parse_replacement_field(p - 1, end, handler);
     } else if (c == '}') {
       if (p == end || *p != '}')
         return handler.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
       handler.on_text(begin, p);
       begin = ++p;
     }
   }
   handler.on_text(begin, end);
 }
 
 // Checks char specs and returns true iff the presentation type is char-like.
 FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto check_char_specs(const format_specs& specs) -> bool {
   auto type = specs.type();
   if (type != presentation_type::none && type != presentation_type::chr &&
       type != presentation_type::debug) {
     return false;
   }
   if (specs.align() == align::numeric || specs.sign() != sign::none ||
       specs.alt()) {
     report_error("invalid format specifier for char");
   }
   return true;
 }
 
 // A base class for compile-time strings.
 struct compile_string {};
 
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 FMT_VISIBILITY("hidden")  // Suppress an ld warning on macOS (#3769).
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto invoke_parse(parse_context<Char>& ctx) -> const Char* {
   using mapped_type = remove_cvref_t<mapped_t<T, Char>>;
   constexpr bool formattable =
       std::is_constructible<formatter<mapped_type, Char>>::value;
   if (!formattable) return ctx.begin();  // Error is reported in the value ctor.
   using formatted_type = conditional_t<formattable, mapped_type, int>;
   return formatter<formatted_type, Char>().parse(ctx);
 }
 
 template <typename... T> struct arg_pack {};
 
 template <typename Char, int NUM_ARGS, int NUM_NAMED_ARGS, bool DYNAMIC_NAMES>
 class format_string_checker {
  private:
   type types_[max_of(1, NUM_ARGS)];
   named_arg_info<Char> named_args_[max_of(1, NUM_NAMED_ARGS)];
   compile_parse_context<Char> context_;
 
   using parse_func = auto (*)(parse_context<Char>&) -> const Char*;
   parse_func parse_funcs_[max_of(1, NUM_ARGS)];
 
  public:
   template <typename... T>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit format_string_checker(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
                                                arg_pack<T...>)
       : types_{mapped_type_constant<T, Char>::value...},
         named_args_{},
         context_(fmt, NUM_ARGS, types_),
         parse_funcs_{&invoke_parse<T, Char>...} {
     int arg_index = 0, named_arg_index = 0;
     FMT_APPLY_VARIADIC(
         init_static_named_arg<T>(named_args_, arg_index, named_arg_index));
     ignore_unused(arg_index, named_arg_index);
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id() -> int { return context_.next_arg_id(); }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(int id) -> int {
     context_.check_arg_id(id);
     return id;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) -> int {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_NAMED_ARGS; ++i) {
       if (named_args_[i].name == id) return named_args_[i].id;
     }
     if (!DYNAMIC_NAMES) on_error("argument not found");
     return -1;
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int id, const Char* begin) {
     on_format_specs(id, begin, begin);  // Call parse() on empty specs.
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char* end)
       -> const Char* {
     context_.advance_to(begin);
     if (id >= 0 && id < NUM_ARGS) return parse_funcs_[id](context_);
 
     // If id is out of range, it means we do not know the type and cannot parse
     // the format at compile time. Instead, skip over content until we finish
     // the format spec, accounting for any nested replacements.
     for (int bracket_count = 0;
          begin != end && (bracket_count > 0 || *begin != '}'); ++begin) {
       if (*begin == '{')
         ++bracket_count;
       else if (*begin == '}')
         --bracket_count;
     }
     return begin;
   }
 
   FMT_NORETURN FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
     report_error(message);
   }
 };
 
 /// A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. It is an
 /// internal class and shouldn't be used directly, only via `memory_buffer`.
 template <typename T> class buffer {
  private:
   T* ptr_;
   size_t size_;
   size_t capacity_;
 
   using grow_fun = void (*)(buffer& buf, size_t capacity);
   grow_fun grow_;
 
  protected:
   // Don't initialize ptr_ since it is not accessed to save a few cycles.
   FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 26495)
   FMT_CONSTEXPR buffer(grow_fun grow, size_t sz) noexcept
       : size_(sz), capacity_(sz), grow_(grow) {}
 
   constexpr buffer(grow_fun grow, T* p = nullptr, size_t sz = 0,
                    size_t cap = 0) noexcept
       : ptr_(p), size_(sz), capacity_(cap), grow_(grow) {}
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 ~buffer() = default;
   buffer(buffer&&) = default;
 
   /// Sets the buffer data and capacity.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set(T* buf_data, size_t buf_capacity) noexcept {
     ptr_ = buf_data;
     capacity_ = buf_capacity;
   }
 
  public:
   using value_type = T;
   using const_reference = const T&;
 
   buffer(const buffer&) = delete;
   void operator=(const buffer&) = delete;
 
   auto begin() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_; }
   auto end() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
 
   auto begin() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_; }
   auto end() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
 
   /// Returns the size of this buffer.
   constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_t { return size_; }
 
   /// Returns the capacity of this buffer.
   constexpr auto capacity() const noexcept -> size_t { return capacity_; }
 
   /// Returns a pointer to the buffer data (not null-terminated).
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto data() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto data() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_; }
 
   /// Clears this buffer.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void clear() { size_ = 0; }
 
   // Tries resizing the buffer to contain `count` elements. If T is a POD type
   // the new elements may not be initialized.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void try_resize(size_t count) {
     try_reserve(count);
     size_ = min_of(count, capacity_);
   }
 
   // Tries increasing the buffer capacity to `new_capacity`. It can increase the
   // capacity by a smaller amount than requested but guarantees there is space
   // for at least one additional element either by increasing the capacity or by
   // flushing the buffer if it is full.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void try_reserve(size_t new_capacity) {
     if (new_capacity > capacity_) grow_(*this, new_capacity);
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void push_back(const T& value) {
     try_reserve(size_ + 1);
     ptr_[size_++] = value;
   }
 
   /// Appends data to the end of the buffer.
   template <typename U>
 // Workaround for MSVC2019 to fix error C2893: Failed to specialize function
 // template 'void fmt::v11::detail::buffer<T>::append(const U *,const U *)'.
 #if !FMT_MSC_VERSION || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1940
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20
 #endif
       void
       append(const U* begin, const U* end) {
     while (begin != end) {
       auto count = to_unsigned(end - begin);
       try_reserve(size_ + count);
       auto free_cap = capacity_ - size_;
       if (free_cap < count) count = free_cap;
       // A loop is faster than memcpy on small sizes.
       T* out = ptr_ + size_;
       for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) out[i] = begin[i];
       size_ += count;
       begin += count;
     }
   }
 
   template <typename Idx> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](Idx index) -> T& {
     return ptr_[index];
   }
   template <typename Idx>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](Idx index) const -> const T& {
     return ptr_[index];
   }
 };
 
 struct buffer_traits {
   constexpr explicit buffer_traits(size_t) {}
   constexpr auto count() const -> size_t { return 0; }
   constexpr auto limit(size_t size) const -> size_t { return size; }
 };
 
 class fixed_buffer_traits {
  private:
   size_t count_ = 0;
   size_t limit_;
 
  public:
   constexpr explicit fixed_buffer_traits(size_t limit) : limit_(limit) {}
   constexpr auto count() const -> size_t { return count_; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t {
     size_t n = limit_ > count_ ? limit_ - count_ : 0;
     count_ += size;
     return min_of(size, n);
   }
 };
 
 // A buffer that writes to an output iterator when flushed.
 template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits = buffer_traits>
 class iterator_buffer : public Traits, public buffer<T> {
  private:
   OutputIt out_;
   enum { buffer_size = 256 };
   T data_[buffer_size];
 
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<T>& buf, size_t) {
     if (buf.size() == buffer_size) static_cast<iterator_buffer&>(buf).flush();
   }
 
   void flush() {
     auto size = this->size();
     this->clear();
     const T* begin = data_;
     const T* end = begin + this->limit(size);
     while (begin != end) *out_++ = *begin++;
   }
 
  public:
   explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t n = buffer_size)
       : Traits(n), buffer<T>(grow, data_, 0, buffer_size), out_(out) {}
   iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other) noexcept
       : Traits(other),
         buffer<T>(grow, data_, 0, buffer_size),
         out_(other.out_) {}
   ~iterator_buffer() {
     // Don't crash if flush fails during unwinding.
     FMT_TRY { flush(); }
     FMT_CATCH(...) {}
   }
 
   auto out() -> OutputIt {
     flush();
     return out_;
   }
   auto count() const -> size_t { return Traits::count() + this->size(); }
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 class iterator_buffer<T*, T, fixed_buffer_traits> : public fixed_buffer_traits,
                                                     public buffer<T> {
  private:
   T* out_;
   enum { buffer_size = 256 };
   T data_[buffer_size];
 
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<T>& buf, size_t) {
     if (buf.size() == buf.capacity())
       static_cast<iterator_buffer&>(buf).flush();
   }
 
   void flush() {
     size_t n = this->limit(this->size());
     if (this->data() == out_) {
       out_ += n;
       this->set(data_, buffer_size);
     }
     this->clear();
   }
 
  public:
   explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t n = buffer_size)
       : fixed_buffer_traits(n), buffer<T>(grow, out, 0, n), out_(out) {}
   iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other) noexcept
       : fixed_buffer_traits(other),
         buffer<T>(static_cast<iterator_buffer&&>(other)),
         out_(other.out_) {
     if (this->data() != out_) {
       this->set(data_, buffer_size);
       this->clear();
     }
   }
   ~iterator_buffer() { flush(); }
 
   auto out() -> T* {
     flush();
     return out_;
   }
   auto count() const -> size_t {
     return fixed_buffer_traits::count() + this->size();
   }
 };
 
 template <typename T> class iterator_buffer<T*, T> : public buffer<T> {
  public:
   explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t = 0)
       : buffer<T>([](buffer<T>&, size_t) {}, out, 0, ~size_t()) {}
 
   auto out() -> T* { return &*this->end(); }
 };
 
 template <typename Container>
 class container_buffer : public buffer<typename Container::value_type> {
  private:
   using value_type = typename Container::value_type;
 
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<value_type>& buf, size_t capacity) {
     auto& self = static_cast<container_buffer&>(buf);
     self.container.resize(capacity);
     self.set(&self.container[0], capacity);
   }
 
  public:
   Container& container;
 
   explicit container_buffer(Container& c)
       : buffer<value_type>(grow, c.size()), container(c) {}
 };
 
 // A buffer that writes to a container with the contiguous storage.
 template <typename OutputIt>
 class iterator_buffer<
     OutputIt,
     enable_if_t<is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value &&
                     is_contiguous<typename OutputIt::container_type>::value,
                 typename OutputIt::container_type::value_type>>
     : public container_buffer<typename OutputIt::container_type> {
  private:
   using base = container_buffer<typename OutputIt::container_type>;
 
  public:
   explicit iterator_buffer(typename OutputIt::container_type& c) : base(c) {}
   explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t = 0)
       : base(get_container(out)) {}
 
   auto out() -> OutputIt { return OutputIt(this->container); }
 };
 
 // A buffer that counts the number of code units written discarding the output.
 template <typename T = char> class counting_buffer : public buffer<T> {
  private:
   enum { buffer_size = 256 };
   T data_[buffer_size];
   size_t count_ = 0;
 
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<T>& buf, size_t) {
     if (buf.size() != buffer_size) return;
     static_cast<counting_buffer&>(buf).count_ += buf.size();
     buf.clear();
   }
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR counting_buffer() : buffer<T>(grow, data_, 0, buffer_size) {}
 
   constexpr auto count() const noexcept -> size_t {
     return count_ + this->size();
   }
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 struct is_back_insert_iterator<basic_appender<T>> : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename InputIt, typename = void>
 struct has_back_insert_iterator_container_append : std::false_type {};
 template <typename OutputIt, typename InputIt>
 struct has_back_insert_iterator_container_append<
     OutputIt, InputIt,
     void_t<decltype(get_container(std::declval<OutputIt>())
                         .append(std::declval<InputIt>(),
                                 std::declval<InputIt>()))>> : std::true_type {};
 
 // An optimized version of std::copy with the output value type (T).
 template <typename T, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value&&
                             has_back_insert_iterator_container_append<
                                 OutputIt, InputIt>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out)
     -> OutputIt {
   get_container(out).append(begin, end);
   return out;
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value &&
                         !has_back_insert_iterator_container_append<
                             OutputIt, InputIt>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out)
     -> OutputIt {
   auto& c = get_container(out);
   c.insert(c.end(), begin, end);
   return out;
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
   while (begin != end) *out++ = static_cast<T>(*begin++);
   return out;
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename V, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy(basic_string_view<V> s, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
   return copy<T>(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
 }
 
 template <typename It, typename Enable = std::true_type>
 struct is_buffer_appender : std::false_type {};
 template <typename It>
 struct is_buffer_appender<
     It, bool_constant<
             is_back_insert_iterator<It>::value &&
             std::is_base_of<buffer<typename It::container_type::value_type>,
                             typename It::container_type>::value>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
 // Maps an output iterator to a buffer.
 template <typename T, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_buffer_appender<OutputIt>::value)>
 auto get_buffer(OutputIt out) -> iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T> {
   return iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T>(out);
 }
 template <typename T, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_buffer_appender<OutputIt>::value)>
 auto get_buffer(OutputIt out) -> buffer<T>& {
   return get_container(out);
 }
 
 template <typename Buf, typename OutputIt>
 auto get_iterator(Buf& buf, OutputIt) -> decltype(buf.out()) {
   return buf.out();
 }
 template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
 auto get_iterator(buffer<T>&, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
   return out;
 }
 
 // This type is intentionally undefined, only used for errors.
 template <typename T, typename Char> struct type_is_unformattable_for;
 
 template <typename Char> struct string_value {
   const Char* data;
   size_t size;
   auto str() const -> basic_string_view<Char> { return {data, size}; }
 };
 
 template <typename Context> struct custom_value {
   using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
   void* value;
   void (*format)(void* arg, parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx, Context& ctx);
 };
 
 template <typename Char> struct named_arg_value {
   const named_arg_info<Char>* data;
   size_t size;
 };
 
 struct custom_tag {};
 
 #if !FMT_BUILTIN_TYPES
 #  define FMT_BUILTIN , monostate
 #else
 #  define FMT_BUILTIN
 #endif
 
 // A formatting argument value.
 template <typename Context> class value {
  public:
   using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
 
   union {
     monostate no_value;
     int int_value;
     unsigned uint_value;
     long long long_long_value;
     unsigned long long ulong_long_value;
     int128_opt int128_value;
     uint128_opt uint128_value;
     bool bool_value;
     char_type char_value;
     float float_value;
     double double_value;
     long double long_double_value;
     const void* pointer;
     string_value<char_type> string;
     custom_value<Context> custom;
     named_arg_value<char_type> named_args;
   };
 
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value() : no_value() {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(signed char x) : int_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned char x FMT_BUILTIN) : uint_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(signed short x) : int_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned short x FMT_BUILTIN) : uint_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(int x) : int_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned x FMT_BUILTIN) : uint_value(x) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(long x FMT_BUILTIN) : value(long_type(x)) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(unsigned long x FMT_BUILTIN)
       : value(ulong_type(x)) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(long long x FMT_BUILTIN) : long_long_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned long long x FMT_BUILTIN)
       : ulong_long_value(x) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(int128_opt x FMT_BUILTIN) : int128_value(x) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(uint128_opt x FMT_BUILTIN) : uint128_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(bool x FMT_BUILTIN) : bool_value(x) {}
 
   template <int N>
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(bitint<N> x FMT_BUILTIN) : long_long_value(x) {
     static_assert(N <= 64, "unsupported _BitInt");
   }
   template <int N>
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(ubitint<N> x FMT_BUILTIN) : ulong_long_value(x) {
     static_assert(N <= 64, "unsupported _BitInt");
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<T>::value)>
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(T x FMT_BUILTIN) : char_value(x) {
     static_assert(
         std::is_same<T, char>::value || std::is_same<T, char_type>::value,
         "mixing character types is disallowed");
   }
 
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(float x FMT_BUILTIN) : float_value(x) {}
   constexpr FMT_INLINE value(double x FMT_BUILTIN) : double_value(x) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(long double x FMT_BUILTIN) : long_double_value(x) {}
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(char_type* x FMT_BUILTIN) {
     string.data = x;
     if (is_constant_evaluated()) string.size = 0;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(const char_type* x FMT_BUILTIN) {
     string.data = x;
     if (is_constant_evaluated()) string.size = 0;
   }
   template <typename T, typename C = char_t<T>,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_pointer<T>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR value(const T& x FMT_BUILTIN) {
     static_assert(std::is_same<C, char_type>::value,
                   "mixing character types is disallowed");
     auto sv = to_string_view(x);
     string.data = sv.data();
     string.size = sv.size();
   }
   FMT_INLINE value(void* x FMT_BUILTIN) : pointer(x) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(const void* x FMT_BUILTIN) : pointer(x) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(volatile void* x FMT_BUILTIN)
       : pointer(const_cast<const void*>(x)) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(const volatile void* x FMT_BUILTIN)
       : pointer(const_cast<const void*>(x)) {}
   FMT_INLINE value(nullptr_t) : pointer(nullptr) {}
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_pointer<T>::value ||
                                       std::is_member_pointer<T>::value)>
   value(const T&) {
     // Formatting of arbitrary pointers is disallowed. If you want to format a
     // pointer cast it to `void*` or `const void*`. In particular, this forbids
     // formatting of `[const] volatile char*` printed as bool by iostreams.
     static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
                   "formatting of non-void pointers is disallowed");
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(use_format_as<T>::value)>
   value(const T& x) : value(format_as(x)) {}
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(use_format_as_member<T>::value)>
   value(const T& x) : value(formatter<T>::format_as(x)) {}
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
   value(const T& named_arg) : value(named_arg.value) {}
 
   template <typename T,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(use_formatter<T>::value || !FMT_BUILTIN_TYPES)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 FMT_INLINE value(T& x) : value(x, custom_tag()) {}
 
   FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(const named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
       : named_args{args, size} {}
 
  private:
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(has_formatter<T, char_type>())>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR value(T& x, custom_tag) {
     using value_type = remove_const_t<T>;
     // T may overload operator& e.g. std::vector<bool>::reference in libc++.
     if (!is_constant_evaluated()) {
       custom.value =
           const_cast<char*>(&reinterpret_cast<const volatile char&>(x));
     } else {
       custom.value = nullptr;
 #if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
       if constexpr (std::is_same<decltype(&x), remove_reference_t<T>*>::value)
         custom.value = const_cast<value_type*>(&x);
 #endif
     }
     custom.format = format_custom<value_type, formatter<value_type, char_type>>;
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!has_formatter<T, char_type>())>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR value(const T&, custom_tag) {
     // Cannot format an argument; to make type T formattable provide a
     // formatter<T> specialization: https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt.
     type_is_unformattable_for<T, char_type> _;
   }
 
   // Formats an argument of a custom type, such as a user-defined class.
   template <typename T, typename Formatter>
   static void format_custom(void* arg, parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx,
                             Context& ctx) {
     auto f = Formatter();
     parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx));
     using qualified_type =
         conditional_t<has_formatter<const T, char_type>(), const T, T>;
     // format must be const for compatibility with std::format and compilation.
     const auto& cf = f;
     ctx.advance_to(cf.format(*static_cast<qualified_type*>(arg), ctx));
   }
 };
 
 enum { packed_arg_bits = 4 };
 // Maximum number of arguments with packed types.
 enum { max_packed_args = 62 / packed_arg_bits };
 enum : unsigned long long { is_unpacked_bit = 1ULL << 63 };
 enum : unsigned long long { has_named_args_bit = 1ULL << 62 };
 
 template <typename It, typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct is_output_iterator : std::false_type {};
 
 template <> struct is_output_iterator<appender, char> : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename It, typename T>
 struct is_output_iterator<
     It, T,
     enable_if_t<std::is_assignable<decltype(*std::declval<decay_t<It>&>()++),
                                    T>::value>> : std::true_type {};
 
 #ifndef FMT_USE_LOCALE
 #  define FMT_USE_LOCALE (FMT_OPTIMIZE_SIZE <= 1)
 #endif
 
 // A type-erased reference to an std::locale to avoid a heavy <locale> include.
 class locale_ref {
 #if FMT_USE_LOCALE
  private:
   const void* locale_;  // A type-erased pointer to std::locale.
 
  public:
   constexpr locale_ref() : locale_(nullptr) {}
   template <typename Locale> locale_ref(const Locale& loc);
 
   inline explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return locale_ != nullptr; }
 #endif  // FMT_USE_LOCALE
 
  public:
   template <typename Locale> auto get() const -> Locale;
 };
 
 template <typename> constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
   return 0;
 }
 
 template <typename Context, typename Arg, typename... Args>
 constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
   return static_cast<unsigned>(stored_type_constant<Arg, Context>::value) |
          (encode_types<Context, Args...>() << packed_arg_bits);
 }
 
 template <typename Context, typename... T, size_t NUM_ARGS = sizeof...(T)>
 constexpr auto make_descriptor() -> unsigned long long {
   return NUM_ARGS <= max_packed_args ? encode_types<Context, T...>()
                                      : is_unpacked_bit | NUM_ARGS;
 }
 
 template <typename Context, int NUM_ARGS>
 using arg_t = conditional_t<NUM_ARGS <= max_packed_args, value<Context>,
                             basic_format_arg<Context>>;
 
 template <typename Context, int NUM_ARGS, int NUM_NAMED_ARGS,
           unsigned long long DESC>
 struct named_arg_store {
   // args_[0].named_args points to named_args to avoid bloating format_args.
   arg_t<Context, NUM_ARGS> args[1 + NUM_ARGS];
   named_arg_info<typename Context::char_type> named_args[NUM_NAMED_ARGS];
 
   template <typename... T>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE named_arg_store(T&... values)
       : args{{named_args, NUM_NAMED_ARGS}, values...} {
     int arg_index = 0, named_arg_index = 0;
     FMT_APPLY_VARIADIC(
         init_named_arg(named_args, arg_index, named_arg_index, values));
   }
 
   named_arg_store(named_arg_store&& rhs) {
     args[0] = {named_args, NUM_NAMED_ARGS};
     for (size_t i = 1; i < sizeof(args) / sizeof(*args); ++i)
       args[i] = rhs.args[i];
     for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_NAMED_ARGS; ++i)
       named_args[i] = rhs.named_args[i];
   }
 
   named_arg_store(const named_arg_store& rhs) = delete;
   named_arg_store& operator=(const named_arg_store& rhs) = delete;
   named_arg_store& operator=(named_arg_store&& rhs) = delete;
   operator const arg_t<Context, NUM_ARGS>*() const { return args + 1; }
 };
 
 // An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted to
 // `basic_format_args` for passing into type-erased formatting functions
 // such as `vformat`. It is a plain struct to reduce binary size in debug mode.
 template <typename Context, int NUM_ARGS, int NUM_NAMED_ARGS,
           unsigned long long DESC>
 struct format_arg_store {
   // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
   using type =
       conditional_t<NUM_NAMED_ARGS == 0,
                     arg_t<Context, NUM_ARGS>[max_of(1, NUM_ARGS)],
                     named_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC>>;
   type args;
 };
 
 // TYPE can be different from type_constant<T>, e.g. for __float128.
 template <typename T, typename Char, type TYPE> struct native_formatter {
  private:
   dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
 
  public:
   using nonlocking = void;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(parse_context<Char>& ctx) -> const Char* {
     if (ctx.begin() == ctx.end() || *ctx.begin() == '}') return ctx.begin();
     auto end = parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), specs_, ctx, TYPE);
     if (const_check(TYPE == type::char_type)) check_char_specs(specs_);
     return end;
   }
 
   template <type U = TYPE,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(U == type::string_type || U == type::cstring_type ||
                           U == type::char_type)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_debug_format(bool set = true) {
     specs_.set_type(set ? presentation_type::debug : presentation_type::none);
   }
 
   FMT_PRAGMA_CLANG(diagnostic ignored "-Wundefined-inline")
   template <typename FormatContext>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out());
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct locking
     : bool_constant<mapped_type_constant<T>::value == type::custom_type> {};
 template <typename T>
 struct locking<T, void_t<typename formatter<remove_cvref_t<T>>::nonlocking>>
     : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename T = int> FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto is_locking() -> bool {
   return locking<T>::value;
 }
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename... Tail>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto is_locking() -> bool {
   return locking<T1>::value || is_locking<T2, Tail...>();
 }
 
 FMT_API void vformat_to(buffer<char>& buf, string_view fmt, format_args args,
                         locale_ref loc = {});
 
 #if FMT_WIN32
 FMT_API void vprint_mojibake(FILE*, string_view, format_args, bool);
 #else  // format_args is passed by reference since it is defined later.
 inline void vprint_mojibake(FILE*, string_view, const format_args&, bool) {}
 #endif
 }  // namespace detail
 
 // The main public API.
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void parse_context<Char>::do_check_arg_id(int arg_id) {
   // Argument id is only checked at compile time during parsing because
   // formatting has its own validation.
   if (detail::is_constant_evaluated() && use_constexpr_cast) {
     auto ctx = static_cast<detail::compile_parse_context<Char>*>(this);
     if (arg_id >= ctx->num_args()) report_error("argument not found");
   }
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void parse_context<Char>::check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id) {
   using detail::compile_parse_context;
   if (detail::is_constant_evaluated() && use_constexpr_cast)
     static_cast<compile_parse_context<Char>*>(this)->check_dynamic_spec(arg_id);
 }
 
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 // An output iterator that appends to a buffer. It is used instead of
 // back_insert_iterator to reduce symbol sizes and avoid <iterator> dependency.
 template <typename T> class basic_appender {
  protected:
   detail::buffer<T>* container;
 
  public:
   using container_type = detail::buffer<T>;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_appender(detail::buffer<T>& buf) : container(&buf) {}
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator=(T c) -> basic_appender& {
     container->push_back(c);
     return *this;
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator*() -> basic_appender& { return *this; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator++() -> basic_appender& { return *this; }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator++(int) -> basic_appender { return *this; }
 };
 
 // A formatting argument. Context is a template parameter for the compiled API
 // where output can be unbuffered.
 template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg {
  private:
   detail::value<Context> value_;
   detail::type type_;
 
   friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
 
   using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
 
  public:
   class handle {
    private:
     detail::custom_value<Context> custom_;
 
    public:
     explicit handle(detail::custom_value<Context> custom) : custom_(custom) {}
 
     void format(parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx, Context& ctx) const {
       custom_.format(custom_.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
     }
   };
 
   constexpr basic_format_arg() : type_(detail::type::none_type) {}
   basic_format_arg(const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
       : value_(args, size) {}
   template <typename T>
   basic_format_arg(T&& val)
       : value_(val), type_(detail::stored_type_constant<T, Context>::value) {}
 
   constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
     return type_ != detail::type::none_type;
   }
   auto type() const -> detail::type { return type_; }
 
   /**
    * Visits an argument dispatching to the appropriate visit method based on
    * the argument type. For example, if the argument type is `double` then
    * `vis(value)` will be called with the value of type `double`.
    */
   template <typename Visitor>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto visit(Visitor&& vis) const -> decltype(vis(0)) {
     using detail::map;
     switch (type_) {
     case detail::type::none_type:        break;
     case detail::type::int_type:         return vis(value_.int_value);
     case detail::type::uint_type:        return vis(value_.uint_value);
     case detail::type::long_long_type:   return vis(value_.long_long_value);
     case detail::type::ulong_long_type:  return vis(value_.ulong_long_value);
     case detail::type::int128_type:      return vis(map(value_.int128_value));
     case detail::type::uint128_type:     return vis(map(value_.uint128_value));
     case detail::type::bool_type:        return vis(value_.bool_value);
     case detail::type::char_type:        return vis(value_.char_value);
     case detail::type::float_type:       return vis(value_.float_value);
     case detail::type::double_type:      return vis(value_.double_value);
     case detail::type::long_double_type: return vis(value_.long_double_value);
     case detail::type::cstring_type:     return vis(value_.string.data);
     case detail::type::string_type:      return vis(value_.string.str());
     case detail::type::pointer_type:     return vis(value_.pointer);
     case detail::type::custom_type:      return vis(handle(value_.custom));
     }
     return vis(monostate());
   }
 
   auto format_custom(const char_type* parse_begin,
                      parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx, Context& ctx)
       -> bool {
     if (type_ != detail::type::custom_type) return false;
     parse_ctx.advance_to(parse_begin);
     value_.custom.format(value_.custom.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
     return true;
   }
 };
 
 /**
  * A view of a collection of formatting arguments. To avoid lifetime issues it
  * should only be used as a parameter type in type-erased functions such as
  * `vformat`:
  *
  *     void vlog(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);  // OK
  *     fmt::format_args args = fmt::make_format_args();  // Dangling reference
  */
 template <typename Context> class basic_format_args {
  private:
   // A descriptor that contains information about formatting arguments.
   // If the number of arguments is less or equal to max_packed_args then
   // argument types are passed in the descriptor. This reduces binary code size
   // per formatting function call.
   unsigned long long desc_;
   union {
     // If is_packed() returns true then argument values are stored in values_;
     // otherwise they are stored in args_. This is done to improve cache
     // locality and reduce compiled code size since storing larger objects
     // may require more code (at least on x86-64) even if the same amount of
     // data is actually copied to stack. It saves ~10% on the bloat test.
     const detail::value<Context>* values_;
     const basic_format_arg<Context>* args_;
   };
 
   constexpr auto is_packed() const -> bool {
     return (desc_ & detail::is_unpacked_bit) == 0;
   }
   constexpr auto has_named_args() const -> bool {
     return (desc_ & detail::has_named_args_bit) != 0;
   }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto type(int index) const -> detail::type {
     int shift = index * detail::packed_arg_bits;
     unsigned mask = (1 << detail::packed_arg_bits) - 1;
     return static_cast<detail::type>((desc_ >> shift) & mask);
   }
 
   template <int NUM_ARGS, int NUM_NAMED_ARGS, unsigned long long DESC>
   using store =
       detail::format_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC>;
 
  public:
   using format_arg = basic_format_arg<Context>;
 
   constexpr basic_format_args() : desc_(0), args_(nullptr) {}
 
   /// Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `format_arg_store`.
   template <int NUM_ARGS, int NUM_NAMED_ARGS, unsigned long long DESC,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(NUM_ARGS <= detail::max_packed_args)>
   constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE basic_format_args(
       const store<NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC>& s)
       : desc_(DESC | (NUM_NAMED_ARGS != 0 ? +detail::has_named_args_bit : 0)),
         values_(s.args) {}
 
   template <int NUM_ARGS, int NUM_NAMED_ARGS, unsigned long long DESC,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(NUM_ARGS > detail::max_packed_args)>
   constexpr basic_format_args(const store<NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC>& s)
       : desc_(DESC | (NUM_NAMED_ARGS != 0 ? +detail::has_named_args_bit : 0)),
         args_(s.args) {}
 
   /// Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from a dynamic list of arguments.
   constexpr basic_format_args(const format_arg* args, int count,
                               bool has_named = false)
       : desc_(detail::is_unpacked_bit | detail::to_unsigned(count) |
               (has_named ? +detail::has_named_args_bit : 0)),
         args_(args) {}
 
   /// Returns the argument with the specified id.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get(int id) const -> format_arg {
     auto arg = format_arg();
     if (!is_packed()) {
       if (id < max_size()) arg = args_[id];
       return arg;
     }
     if (static_cast<unsigned>(id) >= detail::max_packed_args) return arg;
     arg.type_ = type(id);
     if (arg.type_ != detail::type::none_type) arg.value_ = values_[id];
     return arg;
   }
 
   template <typename Char>
   auto get(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> format_arg {
     int id = get_id(name);
     return id >= 0 ? get(id) : format_arg();
   }
 
   template <typename Char>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> int {
     if (!has_named_args()) return -1;
     const auto& named_args =
         (is_packed() ? values_[-1] : args_[-1].value_).named_args;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < named_args.size; ++i) {
       if (named_args.data[i].name == name) return named_args.data[i].id;
     }
     return -1;
   }
 
   auto max_size() const -> int {
     unsigned long long max_packed = detail::max_packed_args;
     return static_cast<int>(is_packed() ? max_packed
                                         : desc_ & ~detail::is_unpacked_bit);
   }
 };
 
 // A formatting context.
 class context {
  private:
   appender out_;
   format_args args_;
   FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS detail::locale_ref loc_;
 
  public:
   /// The character type for the output.
   using char_type = char;
 
   using iterator = appender;
   using format_arg = basic_format_arg<context>;
   using parse_context_type FMT_DEPRECATED = parse_context<>;
   template <typename T> using formatter_type FMT_DEPRECATED = formatter<T>;
   enum { builtin_types = FMT_BUILTIN_TYPES };
 
   /// Constructs a `context` object. References to the arguments are stored
   /// in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR context(iterator out, format_args args,
                         detail::locale_ref loc = {})
       : out_(out), args_(args), loc_(loc) {}
   context(context&&) = default;
   context(const context&) = delete;
   void operator=(const context&) = delete;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg(int id) const -> format_arg { return args_.get(id); }
   inline auto arg(string_view name) const -> format_arg {
     return args_.get(name);
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg_id(string_view name) const -> int {
     return args_.get_id(name);
   }
   auto args() const -> const format_args& { return args_; }
 
   // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the output range.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto out() const -> iterator { return out_; }
 
   // Advances the begin iterator to `it`.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator) {}
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto locale() const -> detail::locale_ref { return loc_; }
 };
 
 template <typename Char = char> struct runtime_format_string {
   basic_string_view<Char> str;
 };
 
 /**
  * Creates a runtime format string.
  *
  * **Example**:
  *
  *     // Check format string at runtime instead of compile-time.
  *     fmt::print(fmt::runtime("{:d}"), "I am not a number");
  */
 inline auto runtime(string_view s) -> runtime_format_string<> { return {{s}}; }
 
 /// A compile-time format string. Use `format_string` in the public API to
 /// prevent type deduction.
 template <typename... T> struct fstring {
  private:
   static constexpr int num_static_named_args =
       detail::count_static_named_args<T...>();
 
   using checker = detail::format_string_checker<
       char, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(T)), num_static_named_args,
       num_static_named_args != detail::count_named_args<T...>()>;
 
   using arg_pack = detail::arg_pack<T...>;
 
  public:
   string_view str;
   using t = fstring;
 
   // Reports a compile-time error if S is not a valid format string for T.
   template <size_t N>
   FMT_CONSTEVAL FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE fstring(const char (&s)[N]) : str(s, N - 1) {
     using namespace detail;
     static_assert(count<(is_view<remove_cvref_t<T>>::value &&
                          std::is_reference<T>::value)...>() == 0,
                   "passing views as lvalues is disallowed");
     if (FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL) parse_format_string<char>(s, checker(s, arg_pack()));
 #ifdef FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING
     static_assert(
         FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL && sizeof(s) != 0,
         "FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING requires format strings to use FMT_STRING");
 #endif
   }
   template <typename S,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_convertible<const S&, string_view>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEVAL FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE fstring(const S& s) : str(s) {
     auto sv = string_view(str);
     if (FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL)
       detail::parse_format_string<char>(sv, checker(sv, arg_pack()));
 #ifdef FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING
     static_assert(
         FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL && sizeof(s) != 0,
         "FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING requires format strings to use FMT_STRING");
 #endif
   }
   template <typename S,
             FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<detail::compile_string, S>::value&&
                               std::is_same<typename S::char_type, char>::value)>
   FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE fstring(const S&) : str(S()) {
     FMT_CONSTEXPR auto sv = string_view(S());
     FMT_CONSTEXPR int unused =
         (parse_format_string(sv, checker(sv, arg_pack())), 0);
     detail::ignore_unused(unused);
   }
   fstring(runtime_format_string<> fmt) : str(fmt.str) {}
 
   // Returning by reference generates better code in debug mode.
   FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE operator const string_view&() const { return str; }
   auto get() const -> string_view { return str; }
 };
 
 template <typename... T> using format_string = typename fstring<T...>::t;
 
 template <typename T, typename Char = char>
 using is_formattable = bool_constant<!std::is_same<
     detail::mapped_t<conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, int*, T>, Char>,
     void>::value>;
 #ifdef __cpp_concepts
 template <typename T, typename Char = char>
 concept formattable = is_formattable<remove_reference_t<T>, Char>::value;
 #endif
 
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 using has_formatter FMT_DEPRECATED = std::is_constructible<formatter<T, Char>>;
 
 // A formatter specialization for natively supported types.
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<T, Char,
                  enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
                              detail::type::custom_type>>
     : detail::native_formatter<T, Char, detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value> {
 };
 
 /**
  * Constructs an object that stores references to arguments and can be
  * implicitly converted to `format_args`. `Context` can be omitted in which case
  * it defaults to `context`. See `arg` for lifetime considerations.
  */
 // Take arguments by lvalue references to avoid some lifetime issues, e.g.
 //   auto args = make_format_args(std::string());
 template <typename Context = context, typename... T,
           int NUM_ARGS = sizeof...(T),
           int NUM_NAMED_ARGS = detail::count_named_args<T...>(),
           unsigned long long DESC = detail::make_descriptor<Context, T...>()>
 constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE auto make_format_args(T&... args)
     -> detail::format_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC> {
   // Suppress warnings for pathological types convertible to detail::value.
   FMT_PRAGMA_GCC(diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion")
   return {{args...}};
 }
 
 template <typename... T>
 using vargs =
     detail::format_arg_store<context, sizeof...(T),
                              detail::count_named_args<T...>(),
                              detail::make_descriptor<context, T...>()>;
 
 /**
  * Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function.
  * It should only be used in a call to a formatting function.
  *
  * **Example**:
  *
  *     fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
  */
 template <typename Char, typename T>
 inline auto arg(const Char* name, const T& arg) -> detail::named_arg<Char, T> {
   return {name, arg};
 }
 
 /// Formats a string and writes the output to `out`.
 template <typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<remove_cvref_t<OutputIt>,
                                                    char>::value)>
 auto vformat_to(OutputIt&& out, string_view fmt, format_args args)
     -> remove_cvref_t<OutputIt> {
   auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<char>(out);
   detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
 /**
  * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt`, writes the result to
  * the output iterator `out` and returns the iterator past the end of the output
  * range. `format_to` does not append a terminating null character.
  *
  * **Example**:
  *
  *     auto out = std::vector<char>();
  *     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
  */
 template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<remove_cvref_t<OutputIt>,
                                                    char>::value)>
 FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt&& out, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> remove_cvref_t<OutputIt> {
   return vformat_to(out, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt> struct format_to_n_result {
   /// Iterator past the end of the output range.
   OutputIt out;
   /// Total (not truncated) output size.
   size_t size;
 };
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
 auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, string_view fmt, format_args args)
     -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
   using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
   auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, traits>(out, n);
   detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
   return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
 }
 
 /**
  * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt`, writes up to `n`
  * characters of the result to the output iterator `out` and returns the total
  * (not truncated) output size and the iterator past the end of the output
  * range. `format_to_n` does not append a terminating null character.
  */
 template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
 FMT_INLINE auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, format_string<T...> fmt,
                             T&&... args) -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
   return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 struct format_to_result {
   /// Pointer to just after the last successful write in the array.
   char* out;
   /// Specifies if the output was truncated.
   bool truncated;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR operator char*() const {
     // Report truncation to prevent silent data loss.
     if (truncated) report_error("output is truncated");
     return out;
   }
 };
 
 template <size_t N>
 auto vformat_to(char (&out)[N], string_view fmt, format_args args)
     -> format_to_result {
   auto result = vformat_to_n(out, N, fmt, args);
   return {result.out, result.size > N};
 }
 
 template <size_t N, typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE auto format_to(char (&out)[N], format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> format_to_result {
   auto result = vformat_to_n(out, N, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
   return {result.out, result.size > N};
 }
 
 /// Returns the number of chars in the output of `format(fmt, args...)`.
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(format_string<T...> fmt,
                                              T&&... args) -> size_t {
   auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<>();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}}, {});
   return buf.count();
 }
 
 FMT_API void vprint(string_view fmt, format_args args);
 FMT_API void vprint(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
 FMT_API void vprintln(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
 FMT_API void vprint_buffered(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
 
 /**
  * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
  * to `stdout`.
  *
  * **Example**:
  *
  *     fmt::print("The answer is {}.", 42);
  */
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   vargs<T...> va = {{args...}};
   if (detail::const_check(!detail::use_utf8))
     return detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, fmt.str, va, false);
   return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(stdout, fmt.str, va)
                                     : vprint(fmt.str, va);
 }
 
 /**
  * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the
  * output to the file `f`.
  *
  * **Example**:
  *
  *     fmt::print(stderr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
  */
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void print(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   vargs<T...> va = {{args...}};
   if (detail::const_check(!detail::use_utf8))
     return detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt.str, va, false);
   return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(f, fmt.str, va)
                                     : vprint(f, fmt.str, va);
 }
 
 /// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
 /// to the file `f` followed by a newline.
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void println(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   vargs<T...> va = {{args...}};
   return detail::const_check(detail::use_utf8)
              ? vprintln(f, fmt.str, va)
              : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt.str, va, true);
 }
 
 /// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
 /// to `stdout` followed by a newline.
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void println(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   return fmt::println(stdout, fmt, static_cast<T&&>(args)...);
 }
 
 FMT_END_EXPORT
 FMT_PRAGMA_CLANG(diagnostic pop)
 FMT_PRAGMA_GCC(pop_options)
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 #ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
 #  include "format.h"
 #endif
 #endif  // FMT_BASE_H_