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 // Copyright (c) 2017-2025, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
 // under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 
 #pragma once
 
 // IWYU pragma: private, include "CLI/CLI.hpp"
 
 // This include is only needed for IDEs to discover symbols
 #include "../StringTools.hpp"
 
 // [CLI11:public_includes:set]
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 // [CLI11:public_includes:end]
 
 namespace CLI {
 // [CLI11:string_tools_inl_hpp:verbatim]
 
 namespace detail {
 CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim) {
     std::vector<std::string> elems;
     // Check to see if empty string, give consistent result
     if(s.empty()) {
         elems.emplace_back();
     } else {
         std::stringstream ss;
         ss.str(s);
         std::string item;
         while(std::getline(ss, item, delim)) {
             elems.push_back(item);
         }
     }
     return elems;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string &ltrim(std::string &str) {
     auto it = std::find_if(str.begin(), str.end(), [](char ch) { return !std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale()); });
     str.erase(str.begin(), it);
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string &ltrim(std::string &str, const std::string &filter) {
     auto it = std::find_if(str.begin(), str.end(), [&filter](char ch) { return filter.find(ch) == std::string::npos; });
     str.erase(str.begin(), it);
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string &rtrim(std::string &str) {
     auto it = std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), [](char ch) { return !std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale()); });
     str.erase(it.base(), str.end());
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string &rtrim(std::string &str, const std::string &filter) {
     auto it =
         std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), [&filter](char ch) { return filter.find(ch) == std::string::npos; });
     str.erase(it.base(), str.end());
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string &remove_quotes(std::string &str) {
     if(str.length() > 1 && (str.front() == '"' || str.front() == '\'' || str.front() == '`')) {
         if(str.front() == str.back()) {
             str.pop_back();
             str.erase(str.begin(), str.begin() + 1);
         }
     }
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string &remove_outer(std::string &str, char key) {
     if(str.length() > 1 && (str.front() == key)) {
         if(str.front() == str.back()) {
             str.pop_back();
             str.erase(str.begin(), str.begin() + 1);
         }
     }
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string fix_newlines(const std::string &leader, std::string input) {
     std::string::size_type n = 0;
     while(n != std::string::npos && n < input.size()) {
         n = input.find('\n', n);
         if(n != std::string::npos) {
             input = input.substr(0, n + 1) + leader + input.substr(n + 1);
             n += leader.size();
         }
     }
     return input;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::ostream &format_aliases(std::ostream &out, const std::vector<std::string> &aliases, std::size_t wid) {
     if(!aliases.empty()) {
         out << std::setw(static_cast<int>(wid)) << "     aliases: ";
         bool front = true;
         for(const auto &alias : aliases) {
             if(!front) {
                 out << ", ";
             } else {
                 front = false;
             }
             out << detail::fix_newlines("              ", alias);
         }
         out << "\n";
     }
     return out;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE bool valid_name_string(const std::string &str) {
     if(str.empty() || !valid_first_char(str[0])) {
         return false;
     }
     auto e = str.end();
     for(auto c = str.begin() + 1; c != e; ++c)
         if(!valid_later_char(*c))
             return false;
     return true;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string find_and_replace(std::string str, std::string from, std::string to) {
 
     std::size_t start_pos = 0;
 
     while((start_pos = str.find(from, start_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
         str.replace(start_pos, from.length(), to);
         start_pos += to.length();
     }
 
     return str;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE void remove_default_flag_values(std::string &flags) {
     auto loc = flags.find_first_of('{', 2);
     while(loc != std::string::npos) {
         auto finish = flags.find_first_of("},", loc + 1);
         if((finish != std::string::npos) && (flags[finish] == '}')) {
             flags.erase(flags.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(loc),
                         flags.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(finish) + 1);
         }
         loc = flags.find_first_of('{', loc + 1);
     }
     flags.erase(std::remove(flags.begin(), flags.end(), '!'), flags.end());
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::ptrdiff_t
 find_member(std::string name, const std::vector<std::string> names, bool ignore_case, bool ignore_underscore) {
     auto it = std::end(names);
     if(ignore_case) {
         if(ignore_underscore) {
             name = detail::to_lower(detail::remove_underscore(name));
             it = std::find_if(std::begin(names), std::end(names), [&name](std::string local_name) {
                 return detail::to_lower(detail::remove_underscore(local_name)) == name;
             });
         } else {
             name = detail::to_lower(name);
             it = std::find_if(std::begin(names), std::end(names), [&name](std::string local_name) {
                 return detail::to_lower(local_name) == name;
             });
         }
 
     } else if(ignore_underscore) {
         name = detail::remove_underscore(name);
         it = std::find_if(std::begin(names), std::end(names), [&name](std::string local_name) {
             return detail::remove_underscore(local_name) == name;
         });
     } else {
         it = std::find(std::begin(names), std::end(names), name);
     }
 
     return (it != std::end(names)) ? (it - std::begin(names)) : (-1);
 }
 
 static const std::string escapedChars("\b\t\n\f\r\"\\");
 static const std::string escapedCharsCode("btnfr\"\\");
 static const std::string bracketChars{"\"'`[(<{"};
 static const std::string matchBracketChars("\"'`])>}");
 
 CLI11_INLINE bool has_escapable_character(const std::string &str) {
     return (str.find_first_of(escapedChars) != std::string::npos);
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string add_escaped_characters(const std::string &str) {
     std::string out;
     out.reserve(str.size() + 4);
     for(char s : str) {
         auto sloc = escapedChars.find_first_of(s);
         if(sloc != std::string::npos) {
             out.push_back('\\');
             out.push_back(escapedCharsCode[sloc]);
         } else {
             out.push_back(s);
         }
     }
     return out;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::uint32_t hexConvert(char hc) {
     int hcode{0};
     if(hc >= '0' && hc <= '9') {
         hcode = (hc - '0');
     } else if(hc >= 'A' && hc <= 'F') {
         hcode = (hc - 'A' + 10);
     } else if(hc >= 'a' && hc <= 'f') {
         hcode = (hc - 'a' + 10);
     } else {
         hcode = -1;
     }
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(hcode);
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE char make_char(std::uint32_t code) { return static_cast<char>(static_cast<unsigned char>(code)); }
 
 CLI11_INLINE void append_codepoint(std::string &str, std::uint32_t code) {
     if(code < 0x80) {  // ascii code equivalent
         str.push_back(static_cast<char>(code));
     } else if(code < 0x800) {  // \u0080 to \u07FF
         // 110yyyyx 10xxxxxx; 0x3f == 0b0011'1111
         str.push_back(make_char(0xC0 | code >> 6));
         str.push_back(make_char(0x80 | (code & 0x3F)));
     } else if(code < 0x10000) {  // U+0800...U+FFFF
         if(0xD800 <= code && code <= 0xDFFF) {
             throw std::invalid_argument("[0xD800, 0xDFFF] are not valid UTF-8.");
         }
         // 1110yyyy 10yxxxxx 10xxxxxx
         str.push_back(make_char(0xE0 | code >> 12));
         str.push_back(make_char(0x80 | (code >> 6 & 0x3F)));
         str.push_back(make_char(0x80 | (code & 0x3F)));
     } else if(code < 0x110000) {  // U+010000 ... U+10FFFF
         // 11110yyy 10yyxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
         str.push_back(make_char(0xF0 | code >> 18));
         str.push_back(make_char(0x80 | (code >> 12 & 0x3F)));
         str.push_back(make_char(0x80 | (code >> 6 & 0x3F)));
         str.push_back(make_char(0x80 | (code & 0x3F)));
     }
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string remove_escaped_characters(const std::string &str) {
 
     std::string out;
     out.reserve(str.size());
     for(auto loc = str.begin(); loc < str.end(); ++loc) {
         if(*loc == '\\') {
             if(str.end() - loc < 2) {
                 throw std::invalid_argument("invalid escape sequence " + str);
             }
             auto ecloc = escapedCharsCode.find_first_of(*(loc + 1));
             if(ecloc != std::string::npos) {
                 out.push_back(escapedChars[ecloc]);
                 ++loc;
             } else if(*(loc + 1) == 'u') {
                 // must have 4 hex characters
                 if(str.end() - loc < 6) {
                     throw std::invalid_argument("unicode sequence must have 4 hex codes " + str);
                 }
                 std::uint32_t code{0};
                 std::uint32_t mplier{16 * 16 * 16};
                 for(int ii = 2; ii < 6; ++ii) {
                     std::uint32_t res = hexConvert(*(loc + ii));
                     if(res > 0x0F) {
                         throw std::invalid_argument("unicode sequence must have 4 hex codes " + str);
                     }
                     code += res * mplier;
                     mplier = mplier / 16;
                 }
                 append_codepoint(out, code);
                 loc += 5;
             } else if(*(loc + 1) == 'U') {
                 // must have 8 hex characters
                 if(str.end() - loc < 10) {
                     throw std::invalid_argument("unicode sequence must have 8 hex codes " + str);
                 }
                 std::uint32_t code{0};
                 std::uint32_t mplier{16 * 16 * 16 * 16 * 16 * 16 * 16};
                 for(int ii = 2; ii < 10; ++ii) {
                     std::uint32_t res = hexConvert(*(loc + ii));
                     if(res > 0x0F) {
                         throw std::invalid_argument("unicode sequence must have 8 hex codes " + str);
                     }
                     code += res * mplier;
                     mplier = mplier / 16;
                 }
                 append_codepoint(out, code);
                 loc += 9;
             } else if(*(loc + 1) == '0') {
                 out.push_back('\0');
                 ++loc;
             } else {
                 throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("unrecognized escape sequence \\") + *(loc + 1) + " in " + str);
             }
         } else {
             out.push_back(*loc);
         }
     }
     return out;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::size_t close_string_quote(const std::string &str, std::size_t start, char closure_char) {
     std::size_t loc{0};
     for(loc = start + 1; loc < str.size(); ++loc) {
         if(str[loc] == closure_char) {
             break;
         }
         if(str[loc] == '\\') {
             // skip the next character for escaped sequences
             ++loc;
         }
     }
     return loc;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::size_t close_literal_quote(const std::string &str, std::size_t start, char closure_char) {
     auto loc = str.find_first_of(closure_char, start + 1);
     return (loc != std::string::npos ? loc : str.size());
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::size_t close_sequence(const std::string &str, std::size_t start, char closure_char) {
 
     auto bracket_loc = matchBracketChars.find(closure_char);
     switch(bracket_loc) {
     case 0:
         return close_string_quote(str, start, closure_char);
     case 1:
     case 2:
     case std::string::npos:
         return close_literal_quote(str, start, closure_char);
     default:
         break;
     }
 
     std::string closures(1, closure_char);
     auto loc = start + 1;
 
     while(loc < str.size()) {
         if(str[loc] == closures.back()) {
             closures.pop_back();
             if(closures.empty()) {
                 return loc;
             }
         }
         bracket_loc = bracketChars.find(str[loc]);
         if(bracket_loc != std::string::npos) {
             switch(bracket_loc) {
             case 0:
                 loc = close_string_quote(str, loc, str[loc]);
                 break;
             case 1:
             case 2:
                 loc = close_literal_quote(str, loc, str[loc]);
                 break;
             default:
                 closures.push_back(matchBracketChars[bracket_loc]);
                 break;
             }
         }
         ++loc;
     }
     if(loc > str.size()) {
         loc = str.size();
     }
     return loc;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::vector<std::string> split_up(std::string str, char delimiter) {
 
     auto find_ws = [delimiter](char ch) {
         return (delimiter == '\0') ? std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale()) : (ch == delimiter);
     };
     trim(str);
 
     std::vector<std::string> output;
     while(!str.empty()) {
         if(bracketChars.find_first_of(str[0]) != std::string::npos) {
             auto bracketLoc = bracketChars.find_first_of(str[0]);
             auto end = close_sequence(str, 0, matchBracketChars[bracketLoc]);
             if(end >= str.size()) {
                 output.push_back(std::move(str));
                 str.clear();
             } else {
                 output.push_back(str.substr(0, end + 1));
                 if(end + 2 < str.size()) {
                     str = str.substr(end + 2);
                 } else {
                     str.clear();
                 }
             }
 
         } else {
             auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(str), std::end(str), find_ws);
             if(it != std::end(str)) {
                 std::string value = std::string(str.begin(), it);
                 output.push_back(value);
                 str = std::string(it + 1, str.end());
             } else {
                 output.push_back(str);
                 str.clear();
             }
         }
         trim(str);
     }
     return output;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::size_t escape_detect(std::string &str, std::size_t offset) {
     auto next = str[offset + 1];
     if((next == '\"') || (next == '\'') || (next == '`')) {
         auto astart = str.find_last_of("-/ \"\'`", offset - 1);
         if(astart != std::string::npos) {
             if(str[astart] == ((str[offset] == '=') ? '-' : '/'))
                 str[offset] = ' ';  // interpret this as a space so the split_up works properly
         }
     }
     return offset + 1;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string binary_escape_string(const std::string &string_to_escape) {
     // s is our escaped output string
     std::string escaped_string{};
     // loop through all characters
     for(char c : string_to_escape) {
         // check if a given character is printable
         // the cast is necessary to avoid undefined behaviour
         if(isprint(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) == 0) {
             std::stringstream stream;
             // if the character is not printable
             // we'll convert it to a hex string using a stringstream
             // note that since char is signed we have to cast it to unsigned first
             stream << std::hex << static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
             std::string code = stream.str();
             escaped_string += std::string("\\x") + (code.size() < 2 ? "0" : "") + code;
         } else if(c == 'x' || c == 'X') {
             // need to check for inadvertent binary sequences
             if(!escaped_string.empty() && escaped_string.back() == '\\') {
                 escaped_string += std::string("\\x") + (c == 'x' ? "78" : "58");
             } else {
                 escaped_string.push_back(c);
             }
 
         } else {
             escaped_string.push_back(c);
         }
     }
     if(escaped_string != string_to_escape) {
         auto sqLoc = escaped_string.find('\'');
         while(sqLoc != std::string::npos) {
             escaped_string[sqLoc] = '\\';
             escaped_string.insert(sqLoc + 1, "x27");
             sqLoc = escaped_string.find('\'');
         }
         escaped_string.insert(0, "'B\"(");
         escaped_string.push_back(')');
         escaped_string.push_back('"');
         escaped_string.push_back('\'');
     }
     return escaped_string;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE bool is_binary_escaped_string(const std::string &escaped_string) {
     size_t ssize = escaped_string.size();
     if(escaped_string.compare(0, 3, "B\"(") == 0 && escaped_string.compare(ssize - 2, 2, ")\"") == 0) {
         return true;
     }
     return (escaped_string.compare(0, 4, "'B\"(") == 0 && escaped_string.compare(ssize - 3, 3, ")\"'") == 0);
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::string extract_binary_string(const std::string &escaped_string) {
     std::size_t start{0};
     std::size_t tail{0};
     size_t ssize = escaped_string.size();
     if(escaped_string.compare(0, 3, "B\"(") == 0 && escaped_string.compare(ssize - 2, 2, ")\"") == 0) {
         start = 3;
         tail = 2;
     } else if(escaped_string.compare(0, 4, "'B\"(") == 0 && escaped_string.compare(ssize - 3, 3, ")\"'") == 0) {
         start = 4;
         tail = 3;
     }
 
     if(start == 0) {
         return escaped_string;
     }
     std::string outstring;
 
     outstring.reserve(ssize - start - tail);
     std::size_t loc = start;
     while(loc < ssize - tail) {
         // ssize-2 to skip )" at the end
         if(escaped_string[loc] == '\\' && (escaped_string[loc + 1] == 'x' || escaped_string[loc + 1] == 'X')) {
             auto c1 = escaped_string[loc + 2];
             auto c2 = escaped_string[loc + 3];
 
             std::uint32_t res1 = hexConvert(c1);
             std::uint32_t res2 = hexConvert(c2);
             if(res1 <= 0x0F && res2 <= 0x0F) {
                 loc += 4;
                 outstring.push_back(static_cast<char>(res1 * 16 + res2));
                 continue;
             }
         }
         outstring.push_back(escaped_string[loc]);
         ++loc;
     }
     return outstring;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE void remove_quotes(std::vector<std::string> &args) {
     for(auto &arg : args) {
         if(arg.front() == '\"' && arg.back() == '\"') {
             remove_quotes(arg);
             // only remove escaped for string arguments not literal strings
             arg = remove_escaped_characters(arg);
         } else {
             remove_quotes(arg);
         }
     }
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE void handle_secondary_array(std::string &str) {
     if(str.size() >= 2 && str.front() == '[' && str.back() == ']') {
         // handle some special array processing for arguments if it might be interpreted as a secondary array
         std::string tstr{"[["};
         for(std::size_t ii = 1; ii < str.size(); ++ii) {
             tstr.push_back(str[ii]);
             tstr.push_back(str[ii]);
         }
         str = std::move(tstr);
     }
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE bool process_quoted_string(std::string &str, char string_char, char literal_char) {
     if(str.size() <= 1) {
         return false;
     }
     if(detail::is_binary_escaped_string(str)) {
         str = detail::extract_binary_string(str);
         handle_secondary_array(str);
         return true;
     }
     if(str.front() == string_char && str.back() == string_char) {
         detail::remove_outer(str, string_char);
         if(str.find_first_of('\\') != std::string::npos) {
             str = detail::remove_escaped_characters(str);
         }
         handle_secondary_array(str);
         return true;
     }
     if((str.front() == literal_char || str.front() == '`') && str.back() == str.front()) {
         detail::remove_outer(str, str.front());
         handle_secondary_array(str);
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 std::string get_environment_value(const std::string &env_name) {
     char *buffer = nullptr;
     std::string ename_string;
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
     // Windows version
     std::size_t sz = 0;
     if(_dupenv_s(&buffer, &sz, env_name.c_str()) == 0 && buffer != nullptr) {
         ename_string = std::string(buffer);
         free(buffer);
     }
 #else
     // This also works on Windows, but gives a warning
     buffer = std::getenv(env_name.c_str());
     if(buffer != nullptr) {
         ename_string = std::string(buffer);
     }
 #endif
     return ename_string;
 }
 
 CLI11_INLINE std::ostream &streamOutAsParagraph(std::ostream &out,
                                                 const std::string &text,
                                                 std::size_t paragraphWidth,
                                                 const std::string &linePrefix,
                                                 bool skipPrefixOnFirstLine) {
     if(!skipPrefixOnFirstLine)
         out << linePrefix;  // First line prefix
 
     std::istringstream lss(text);
     std::string line = "";
     while(std::getline(lss, line)) {
         std::istringstream iss(line);
         std::string word = "";
         std::size_t charsWritten = 0;
 
         while(iss >> word) {
             if(word.length() + charsWritten > paragraphWidth) {
                 out << '\n' << linePrefix;
                 charsWritten = 0;
             }
 
             out << word << " ";
             charsWritten += word.length() + 1;
         }
 
         if(!lss.eof())
             out << '\n' << linePrefix;
     }
     return out;
 }
 
 }  // namespace detail
 // [CLI11:string_tools_inl_hpp:end]
 }  // namespace CLI

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