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0001 \page Exampleradial Example radial
0002
0003 \author S. Incerti (a, *)\n
0004 a. LP2i, IN2P3 / CNRS / Bordeaux 1 University, 33175 Gradignan, France \n
0005 * e-mail: incerti@lp2ib.in2p3.fr\n
0006
0007 ## INTRODUCTION
0008
0009 The radial example shows how to simulate radial dose profiles in liquid water
0010 from incident ions using the Geant4-DNA physics processes and models.
0011
0012 The Geant4-DNA processes and models are further described at:
0013 http://geant4-dna.org
0014
0015 Any report or published results obtained using the Geant4-DNA software shall
0016 cite the following Geant4-DNA collaboration publications: \n
0017 Med. Phys. 51 (2024) 5873–5889 \n
0018 Med. Phys. 45 (2018) e722-e739 \n
0019 Phys. Med. 31 (2015) 861-874 \n
0020 Med. Phys. 37 (2010) 4692-4708 \n
0021 Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput. 1 (2010) 157–178
0022
0023 ## GEOMETRY SET-UP
0024
0025 The geometry is a set of cylindrical shells (hollow cylinders) made of liquid water
0026 (G4_WATER material) and aligned along the Z-axis.
0027
0028 The World is a cylinder wrapping these shells and having the same maximum radius.
0029 Its material is water and its length can be made larger
0030 than the length of the cylinders using an offset.
0031
0032 a) The maximum radius of the set can be specified using the following UI command:
0033
0034 ```
0035 /radial/setWorldRadius value unit
0036 ```
0037
0038 b) The Z length of the shells can be set using:
0039
0040 ```
0041 /radial/setCylinderLength value unit
0042 ```
0043
0044 c) An offset can be added along Z in front and after the shells using the command:
0045
0046 ```
0047 /radial/setWorldOffsetLength value unit
0048 ```
0049
0050 d) The thickness of each shell can be specified using the command:
0051
0052 ```
0053 /radial/setCylinderThickness value unit
0054 ```
0055
0056 Particles are shot from the center of the entrance surface of the offset space,
0057 placed just before the cylinders along the Z axis. The Z position is negative
0058 and is equal to the half-length of the World augmented with the offset.
0059
0060 ## DATA
0061
0062 Make sure $G4LEDATA points to the low-energy electromagnetic data files.
0063
0064 ## HOW TO RUN THE EXAMPLE
0065
0066 In interactive mode, run:
0067
0068 ```
0069 ./radial
0070 ```
0071
0072 In batch, the macro radial.in can be used. It shows how to shoot different
0073 types of ions and how to use Geant4-DNA Physics constructors.
0074
0075 ## PHYSICS
0076
0077 The PhysicsList uses Geant4-DNA Physics constructors.
0078
0079 Geant4-DNA Physics constructors can be selected using the command:
0080
0081 ```
0082 /radial/addPhysics DNA_OptX
0083 ```
0084
0085 where X is 0 to 8 (2, 4 or 6 are recommended).
0086
0087 Comments regarding ions:
0088
0089 - only the ionisation process is considered, and the radial absorbed dose is obtained
0090 considering all energy losses by secondary electrons
0091
0092 - when the incident particle type is ion (/gun/particle ion), specified with Z
0093 and A numbers (/gun/ion A Z), the Rudd ionisation extended model is used.
0094 The particles are tracked by default down to 0.5 MeV/u and undergo below a capture
0095 process. This tracking cut can be bypassed using:
0096
0097 ```
0098 /radial/addIonsTrackingCut false
0099 ```
0100
0101 ## SIMULATION OUTPUT
0102
0103 The output results consist in a ROOT radial.root file, containing an ntuple, named
0104 "radial" and containing the absorbed dose for each cylinder, identified by its
0105 inner radius, per incident ion.
0106
0107 The ROOT macro file plot.C can be used to draw the radial dose profile.
