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0001 \page Examplemicrodosimetry Example microdosimetry
0002
0003 \author S. Incerti (a, *), , H. Tran (a, *), V. Ivantchenko (b), M. Karamitros\n
0004 a. LP2i, IN2P3 / CNRS / Bordeaux 1 University, 33175 Gradignan, France \n
0005 b. G4AI Ltd., UK
0006 * e-mail: incerti@lp2ib.in2p3.fr or tran@lp2ib.in2p3.fr \n
0007
0008 ## INTRODUCTION.
0009
0010 The microdosimetry example shows how to use Geant4 and Geant4-DNA physics models
0011 in different regions of the geometry.
0012
0013 The Geant4-DNA processes and models are further described at:
0014 http://geant4-dna.org
0015
0016 Any report or published results obtained using the Geant4-DNA software shall
0017 cite the following Geant4-DNA collaboration publications: \n
0018 Med. Phys. 51 (2024) 5873–5889 \n
0019 Med. Phys. 45 (2018) e722-e739 \n
0020 Phys. Med. 31 (2015) 861-874 \n
0021 Med. Phys. 37 (2010) 4692-4708 \n
0022 Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput. 1 (2010) 157–178
0023
0024 ## GEOMETRY SET-UP
0025
0026 The geometry is a 10-micron side cube (World) made of liquid water (G4_WATER
0027 material) containing a 2 micron-thick slice (along X) of water (Target).
0028
0029 Particles are shot from the World volume.
0030
0031 The variable density feature of materials is illustrated in DetectorConstruction.
0032 The material can be changed directly in microdosimetry.in macro file.
0033
0034 ## SET-UP
0035
0036 Make sure $G4LEDATA points to the low energy electromagnetic data files.
0037
0038 ## HOW TO RUN THE EXAMPLE
0039
0040 In interactive mode, run:
0041
0042 ```
0043 ./microdosimetry
0044 ```
0045
0046 In batch, the macro microdosimetry.in can be used. It shows how to shoot different
0047 particle types.
0048
0049 ## PHYSICS
0050
0051 The PhysicsList uses Geant4 Physics in the World region and Geant4-DNA Physics
0052 in the Target region.
0053
0054 1) Geant4 Physics in the World is selected via the command:
0055
0056 ```
0057 /dna/test/addPhysics X
0058 ```
0059
0060 where X is any EM physics list, such as emstandard_opt4 (see PhysicsList.cc).
0061
0062 2) Geant4-DNA activator is used in the regionTarget region using:
0063
0064 ```
0065 /process/em/AddDNARegion regionTarget DNA_OptY
0066 ```
0067
0068 where Y = 0, 2, 4, or 6.
0069
0070 3) In addition to 1) or 2), to enable radioactive decay, one can use:
0071
0072 ```
0073 /dna/test/addPhysics raddecay
0074 ```
0075
0076 4) Warning regarding ions: when the incident particle type is ion
0077 (/gun/particle ion), specified with Z and A numbers (/gun/ion A Z),
0078 the Rudd ionisation extended model is used. The particles are tracked
0079 by default down to 0.5 MeV/u. This tracking cut can be bypassed using :
0080
0081 ```
0082 /dna/test/addIonsTrackingCut false
0083 ```
0084
0085 ## SIMULATION OUTPUT AND RESULT ANALYSIS
0086
0087 The output results consists in a dna.root file, containing for each simulation step:
0088 - the type of particle for the current step
0089 - the type of process for the current step
0090 - the step PostStepPoint coordinates (in nm)
0091 - the energy deposit along the current step (in eV)
0092 - the step length (in nm)
0093 - the total energy loss along the current step (in eV)
0094 - the kinetic energy at PreStepPoint (in eV)
0095 - the cos of the scattering angle
0096 - the event ID
0097 - the track ID
0098 - the parent track ID
0099 - the step number
0100
0101 This information is extracted from the SteppingAction class.
0102
0103 The ROOT file can be easily analyzed using for example the provided ROOT macro
0104 file plot.C; to do so :
0105 * be sure to have ROOT installed on your machine
0106 * be sure to be in the directory containing the ROOT files created by microdosimetry
0107 * copy plot.C into this directory
0108 * from there, launch ROOT by typing root
0109 * under your ROOT session, type in : .X plot.C to execute the macro file
0110 * alternatively you can type directly under your session : root plot.C
0111
0112 The naming scheme on the displayed ROOT plots is as follows (see SteppingAction.cc):
0113
0114 - particles: \n
0115 gamma: 0 \n
0116 e-: 1 \n
0117 proton: 2 \n
0118 hydrogen: 3 \n
0119 alpha: 4 \n
0120 alpha+: 5 \n
0121 helium: 6 \n
0122 \n
0123 - processes: \n
0124
0125 Capture: 1 \n
0126 (only if one uses G4EmmicrodosimetryActivator in PhysicsList)
0127
0128 e-_G4DNAElectronSolvation: 10 \n
0129 e-_G4DNAElastic: 11 \n
0130 e-_G4DNAExcitation: 12 \n
0131 e-_G4DNAIonisation: 13 \n
0132 e-_G4DNAAttachment: 14 \n
0133 e-_G4DNAVibExcitation: 15 \n
0134 msc: 110 \n
0135 CoulombScat: 120 \n
0136 eIoni: 130 \n \n
0137
0138 proton_G4DNAElastic: 21 \n
0139 proton_G4DNAExcitation: 22 \n
0140 proton_G4DNAIonisation: 23 \n
0141 proton_G4DNAChargeDecrease: 24 \n
0142 msc: 210 \n
0143 CoulombScat: 220 \n
0144 hIoni: 230 \n
0145 nuclearStopping: 240 \n \n
0146
0147 hydrogen_G4DNAElastic: 31 \n
0148 hydrogen_G4DNAExcitation: 32 \n
0149 hydrogen_G4DNAIonisation: 33 \n
0150 hydrogen_G4DNAChargeIncrease: 35 \n \n
0151
0152 alpha_G4DNAElastic: 41 \n
0153 alpha_G4DNAExcitation: 42 \n
0154 alpha_G4DNAIonisation: 43 \n
0155 alpha_G4DNAChargeDecrease: 44 \n
0156 msc: 410 \n
0157 CoulombScat: 420 \n
0158 ionIoni: 430 \n
0159 nuclearStopping: 440 \n \n
0160
0161 alpha+_G4DNAElastic: 51 \n
0162 alpha+_G4DNAExcitation: 52 \n
0163 alpha+_G4DNAIonisation: 53 \n
0164 alpha+_G4DNAChargeDecrease: 54 \n
0165 alpha+_G4DNAChargeIncrease: 55 \n
0166 msc: 510 \n
0167 CoulombScat: 520 \n
0168 hIoni: 530 \n
0169 nuclearStopping: 540 \n
0170
0171 helium_G4DNAElastic: 61 \n
0172 helium_G4DNAExcitation: 62 \n
0173 helium_G4DNAIonisation: 63 \n
0174 helium_G4DNAChargeIncrease: 65 \n \n
0175
0176 GenericIon_G4DNAIonisation: 73 \n
0177 msc: 710 \n
0178 CoulombScat: 720 \n
0179 ionIoni: 730 \n
0180 nuclearStopping: 740 \n \n
0181
0182 phot: 81 \n
0183 compt: 82 \n
0184 conv: 83 \n
0185 Rayl: 84 \n
0186
0187 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
0188
0189 Should you have any enquiry, please do not hesitate to contact:
0190 incerti@cenbg.in2p3.fr or tran@lp2ib.in2p3.fr
