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 /*
  * Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc.
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
  * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
  * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
  * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
  * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
  * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
  * subject to the following conditions:
  *
  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
  * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
  * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
  * NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
  * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
 #ifndef VERTO_H_
 #define VERTO_H_
 
 #include <time.h>   /* For time_t */
 #include <unistd.h> /* For pid_t */
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
 typedef HANDLE verto_proc;
 typedef DWORD verto_proc_status;
 #else
 #include <sys/types.h>
 typedef pid_t verto_proc;
 typedef int verto_proc_status;
 #endif
 
 #define VERTO_SIG_IGN ((verto_callback *) 1)
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C"
 {
 #endif /* __cplusplus */
 
 typedef struct verto_ctx verto_ctx;
 typedef struct verto_ev verto_ev;
 
 typedef enum {
     VERTO_EV_TYPE_NONE = 0,
     VERTO_EV_TYPE_IO = 1,
     VERTO_EV_TYPE_TIMEOUT = 1 << 1,
     VERTO_EV_TYPE_IDLE = 1 << 2,
     VERTO_EV_TYPE_SIGNAL = 1 << 3,
     VERTO_EV_TYPE_CHILD = 1 << 4
 } verto_ev_type;
 
 typedef enum {
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_NONE = 0,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST = 1,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_PRIORITY_LOW = 1 << 1,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_PRIORITY_MEDIUM = 1 << 2,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH = 1 << 3,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_READ = 1 << 4,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_WRITE = 1 << 5,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_ERROR = 1 << 7,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_CLOSE_FD = 1 << 8,
     VERTO_EV_FLAG_REINITIABLE = 1 << 6,
     _VERTO_EV_FLAG_MUTABLE_MASK = VERTO_EV_FLAG_PRIORITY_LOW
                                   | VERTO_EV_FLAG_PRIORITY_MEDIUM
                                   | VERTO_EV_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH
                                   | VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_READ
                                   | VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_WRITE,
     _VERTO_EV_FLAG_MAX = VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_CLOSE_FD
 } verto_ev_flag;
 
 typedef void (verto_callback)(verto_ctx *ctx, verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new event context using an optionally specified implementation
  * and/or optionally specified required features.
  *
  * If you are an application that has already decided on using a particular
  * event loop implementation, you should not call this function, but instead
  * import the verto-NAME.h header and link against the verto-NAME.so, where
  * NAME is the implementation you wish to use.
  *
  * If you are a library, you should generally avoid creating event contexts
  * on your own but allow applications to pass in a verto_ctx you can use.
  *
  * There are two cases where you should use this function.  The first is
  * where you have a need to choose an implementation at run time, usually
  * for testing purposes.  The second and more common is when you simply
  * wish to remain implementation agnostic.  In this later case, you should
  * always call like this: verto_new(NULL, ...).  This lets verto choose the best
  * implementation to use.
  *
  * If impl is not NULL, a new context is returned which is backed by the
  * implementation specified. If the implementation specified is not
  * available or if the required types (reqtypes) are not provided by the
  * named implementation, NULL is returned. The parameter 'impl' can specify:
  *   * The full path to an implementation library
  *   * The name of the implementation library (i.e. - "glib" or "libev")
  *
  * If impl is NULL, verto will attempt to automatically determine the
  * best implementation to use.
  *
  * First, verto will attempt to use an existing, previously loaded
  * implementation. This is handled automatically by internal caching of either
  * the first implementation loaded or the one specified by verto_set_default().
  *
  * Second, verto will attempt to discern if you are already linked to any
  * of the supported implementations (to avoid wasting memory by loading
  * extra unnecessary libraries).  If you are linked to one supported
  * implementation, that implementation will be chosen.  If you are linked
  * to more than one supported implementation one of the ones linked to
  * will be chosen, but the order of the particular choice is undefined.
  *
  * Third, verto will attempt to load the compile-time default, if defined at
  * build time and available at runtime.
  *
  * Last, verto will attempt to load any implementation installed. The specific
  * order of this step is undefined.
  *
  * In all cases above, if the implementation does not support all the specified
  * features (reqtypes), it will be skipped and processing will continue from
  * where it left off. This means that if verto_new() returns non-NULL it is
  * guaranteed to support the features you specified.
  *
  * @see verto_set_default()
  * @param impl The implementation to use, or NULL.
  * @param reqtypes A bitwise or'd list of required event type features.
  * @return A new verto_ctx, or NULL on error.  Call verto_free() when done.
  */
 verto_ctx *
 verto_new(const char *impl, verto_ev_type reqtypes);
 
 /**
  * Gets the default event context using an optionally specified implementation.
  *
  * This function is essentially a singleton version of verto_new().  However,
  * since this function must return the same loop as the *_default() call of
  * the underlying implementation (if such a function exists), it is NOT a
  * global singleton, but a per-implementation singleton. For this reason, you
  * must call verto_free() when you are done with this loop. Even after calling
  * verto_free() on the default verto_ctx, you can safely call verto_default()
  * again and receive a new reference to the same (internally default) loop.
  *
  * In all other respects, verto_default() acts exactly like verto_new().
  *
  * @see verto_new()
  * @see verto_free()
  * @param impl The implementation to use, or NULL.
  * @param reqtypes A bitwise or'd list of required event type features.
  * @return The default verto_ctx, or NULL on error.  Call verto_free() when done.
  */
 verto_ctx *
 verto_default(const char *impl, verto_ev_type reqtypes);
 
 /**
  * Sets the default implementation to use by its name.
  *
  * This function returns 1 on success and 0 on failure.  It can fail for the
  * following reasons:
  *   1. The default implementation was already set via verto_set_default().
  *   2. The implementation specified could not be found.
  *   3. The implementation specified didn't support the features specified.
  *   4. The impl argument was NULL.
  *   5. verto_new() was already called.
  *   6. verto_default() was already called.
  *   7. verto_new_NAME() was already called.
  *   8. verto_default_NAME() was already called.
  *   9. verto_convert_NAME() was already called.
  *
  * @see verto_new()
  * @see verto_default()
  * @param impl The implementation to use.
  * @param reqtypes A bitwise or'd list of required event type features.
  * @return The default verto_ctx, or NULL on error.  Call verto_free() when done.
  */
 int
 verto_set_default(const char *impl, verto_ev_type reqtypes);
 
 /**
  * Sets the allocator to use for verto_ctx and verto_ev objects.
  *
  * If you plan to set the allocator, you MUST call this function before any
  * other verto_*() calls.
  *
  * @see verto_new()
  * @see verto_default()
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @see verto_add_timeout()
  * @see verto_add_idle()
  * @see verto_add_signal()
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @param resize The allocator to use (behaves like realloc();
  *        resize(ptr, 0) must free memory at ptr.)
  * @param hierarchical Zero if the allocator is not hierarchical
  */
 int
 verto_set_allocator(void *(*resize)(void *mem, size_t size), int hierarchical);
 
 /**
  * Frees a verto_ctx.
  *
  * When called on a default verto_ctx, the reference will be freed but the
  * internal default loop will still be available via another call to
  * verto_default().
  *
  * @see verto_new()
  * @see verto_default()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx to free.
  */
 void
 verto_free(verto_ctx *ctx);
 
 /**
  * Frees global state.
  *
  * Remove and free all allocated global state.  Call only when no further
  * contexts exist and all threads have exited.
  *
  * @see verto_new()
  * @see verto_free()
  * @see verto_default()
  */
 void
 verto_cleanup(void);
 
 /**
  * Run the verto_ctx forever, or at least until verto_break() is called.
  *
  * @see verto_break()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx to run.
  */
 void
 verto_run(verto_ctx *ctx);
 
 /**
  * Run the verto_ctx once. May block.
  *
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx to run once.
  */
 void
 verto_run_once(verto_ctx *ctx);
 
 /**
  * Exits the currently running verto_ctx.
  *
  * @see verto_run()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx to exit.
  */
 void
 verto_break(verto_ctx *ctx);
 
 /**
  * Re-initializes the verto_ctx.
  *
  * This function deletes all events, except those which have set the
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_REINITIABLE flag. If you fork(), you MUST call this in the
  * child process after the fork!
  *
  * If this function fails it indicates that at least one
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_REINITIABLE event was not rearmed or that ctx was NULL.
  *
  * @see verto_new()
  * @see verto_default()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx to re-initialize.
  * @return Non-zero on success, 0 on error.
  */
 int
 verto_reinitialize(verto_ctx *ctx);
 
 /**
  * Adds a callback executed when a file descriptor is ready to be read/written.
  *
  * All verto_ev events are automatically freed when their parent verto_ctx is
  * freed. You do not need to free them manually. If VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is
  * provided, the event will repeat until verto_del() is called. If
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is not provided, the event will be freed automatically
  * after its execution. In either case, you may call verto_del() at any time
  * to prevent the event from executing.
  * If VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO_CLOSE_FD is provided the passed in fd is automatically
  * closed when the event is freed with verto_del()
  *
  * NOTE: On Windows, the underlying select() only works with sockets. As such,
  * any attempt to add a non-socket io event on Windows will produce undefined
  * results and may even crash.
  *
  * @see verto_del()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx which will fire the callback.
  * @param flags The flags to set (at least one VERTO_EV_FLAG_IO* required).
  * @param callback The callback to fire.
  * @param fd The file descriptor to watch for reads.
  * @return The verto_ev registered with the event context or NULL on error.
  */
 verto_ev *
 verto_add_io(verto_ctx *ctx, verto_ev_flag flags,
              verto_callback *callback, int fd);
 
 /**
  * Adds a callback executed after a period of time.
  *
  * All verto_ev events are automatically freed when their parent verto_ctx is
  * freed. You do not need to free them manually. If VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is
  * provided, the event will repeat until verto_del() is called. If
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is not provided, the event will be freed automatically
  * after its execution. In either case, you may call verto_del() at any time
  * to prevent the event from executing.
  *
  * @see verto_del()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx which will fire the callback.
  * @param flags The flags to set.
  * @param callback The callback to fire.
  * @param interval Time period to wait before firing (in milliseconds).
  * @return The verto_ev registered with the event context.
  */
 verto_ev *
 verto_add_timeout(verto_ctx *ctx, verto_ev_flag flags,
                   verto_callback *callback, time_t interval);
 
 /**
  * Adds a callback executed when there is nothing else to do.
  *
  * All verto_ev events are automatically freed when their parent verto_ctx is
  * freed. You do not need to free them manually. If VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is
  * provided, the event will repeat until verto_del() is called. If
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is not provided, the event will be freed automatically
  * after its execution. In either case, you may call verto_del() at any time
  * to prevent the event from executing.
  *
  * @see verto_del()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx which will fire the callback.
  * @param flags The flags to set.
  * @param callback The callback to fire.
  * @return The verto_ev registered with the event context.
  */
 verto_ev *
 verto_add_idle(verto_ctx *ctx, verto_ev_flag flags,
                verto_callback *callback);
 
 /**
  * Adds a callback executed when a signal is received.
  *
  * All verto_ev events are automatically freed when their parent verto_ctx is
  * freed. You do not need to free them manually. If VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is
  * provided, the event will repeat until verto_del() is called. If
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST is not provided, the event will be freed automatically
  * after its execution. In either case, you may call verto_del() at any time
  * to prevent the event from executing.
  *
  * NOTE: If you attempt to ignore a signal without the VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST
  * flag, this function fails.
  *
  * NOTE: SIGCHLD is expressly not supported. If you want this notification,
  * please use verto_add_child().
  *
  * WARNNIG: Signal events can only be reliably received in the default verto_ctx
  * in some implementations.  Attempting to receive signal events in non-default
  * loops may result in assert() failures.
  *
  * WARNING: While verto does its best to protect you from crashes, there is
  * essentially no way to do signal events if you mix multiple implementations in
  * a single process. Attempting to do so will result in undefined behavior,
  * and potentially even a crash. You have been warned.
  *
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @see verto_repeat()
  * @see verto_del()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx which will fire the callback.
  * @param flags The flags to set.
  * @param callback The callback to fire.
  * @param signal The signal to watch for.
  * @return The verto_ev registered with the event context.
  */
 verto_ev *
 verto_add_signal(verto_ctx *ctx, verto_ev_flag flags,
                  verto_callback *callback, int signal);
 
 /**
  * Adds a callback executed when a child process exits.
  *
  * This event will be freed automatically after its execution. Due to the
  * nature of a process' life-cycle, child events cannot persist (processes only
  * exit once). This function returns NULL if you attempt to use
  * VERTO_EV_FLAG_PERSIST. You may, of course, call verto_del() at any time to
  * prevent the callback from firing.
  *
  * @see verto_del()
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx which will fire the callback.
  * @param flags The flags to set.
  * @param callback The callback to fire.
  * @param child The pid (POSIX) or handle (Win32) of the child to watch for.
  * @return The verto_ev registered with the event context.
  */
 verto_ev *
 verto_add_child(verto_ctx *ctx, verto_ev_flag flags,
                 verto_callback *callback, verto_proc proc);
 
 /**
  * Sets the private pointer of the verto_ev.
  *
  * The free callback will be called in two cases:
  *   1. When the event is deleted (manually or automatically)
  *   2. When verto_set_private() is called again, unless
  *      free is NULL.
  *
  * @see verto_get_private()
  * @param ev The verto_ev
  * @param priv The private value to store
  * @param free The callback used to free the data or NULL
  */
 void
 verto_set_private(verto_ev *ev, void *priv, verto_callback *free);
 
 /**
  * Gets the private pointer of the verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_set_private()
  * @param ev The verto_ev
  * @return The verto_ev private pointer
  */
 void *
 verto_get_private(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the type of the verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @see verto_add_timeout()
  * @see verto_add_idle()
  * @see verto_add_signal()
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @param ev The verto_ev
  * @return The verto_ev type
  */
 verto_ev_type
 verto_get_type(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the flags associated with the given verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @see verto_add_timeout()
  * @see verto_add_idle()
  * @see verto_add_signal()
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @see verto_set_flags()
  * @param ev The verto_ev
  * @return The verto_ev type
  */
 verto_ev_flag
 verto_get_flags(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Sets the flags associated with the given verto_ev.
  *
  * See _VERTO_EV_FLAG_MUTABLE_MASK for the flags that can be changed
  * with this function. All others will be ignored. If the flags specified
  * are the same as the flags the event already has, this function is a no-op.
  *
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @see verto_add_timeout()
  * @see verto_add_idle()
  * @see verto_add_signal()
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @see verto_get_flags()
  * @param ev The verto_ev
  * @param flags The flags for the event
  */
 void
 verto_set_flags(verto_ev *ev, verto_ev_flag flags);
 
 /**
  * Gets the file descriptor associated with a read/write verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the file descriptor from.
  * @return The file descriptor, or -1 if not a read/write event.
  */
 int
 verto_get_fd(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the file descriptor state from when the event fires.
  *
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the fd state from.
  * @return The fd state.
  */
 verto_ev_flag
 verto_get_fd_state(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the interval associated with a timeout verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_add_timeout()
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the interval from.
  * @return The interval, or 0 if not a timeout event.
  */
 time_t
 verto_get_interval(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the signal associated with a signal verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_add_signal()
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the signal from.
  * @return The signal, or -1 if not a signal event.
  */
 int
 verto_get_signal(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the process associated with a child verto_ev.
  *
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the process from.
  * @return The pid/handle, or 0/NULL if not a child event (POSIX/Win32).
  */
 verto_proc
 verto_get_proc(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the status of the process which caused this event to fire.
  *
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the status from.
  * @return The pid/handle status.
  */
 verto_proc_status
 verto_get_proc_status(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Gets the verto_ctx associated with a verto_ev.
  *
  * This is a borrowed reference, don't attempt to free it!
  *
  * @param ev The verto_ev to retrieve the verto_ctx from.
  * @return The verto_ctx.
  */
 verto_ctx *
 verto_get_ctx(const verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Removes an event from from the event context and frees it.
  *
  * The event and its contents cannot be used after this call.
  *
  * @see verto_add_io()
  * @see verto_add_timeout()
  * @see verto_add_idle()
  * @see verto_add_signal()
  * @see verto_add_child()
  * @param ev The event to delete.
  */
 void
 verto_del(verto_ev *ev);
 
 /**
  * Returns the event types supported by this implementation.
  *
  * @param ctx The verto_ctx to query.
  * @return The event types supported.
  */
 verto_ev_type
 verto_get_supported_types(verto_ctx *ctx);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 } /* extern "C" */
 #endif /* __cplusplus */
 #endif /* VERTO_H_ */

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