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 // © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
 // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
 /*
 *******************************************************************************
 *
 *   Copyright (C) 1999-2015, International Business Machines
 *   Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *******************************************************************************
 *   file name:  utf8.h
 *   encoding:   UTF-8
 *   tab size:   8 (not used)
 *   indentation:4
 *
 *   created on: 1999sep13
 *   created by: Markus W. Scherer
 */
 
 /**
  * \file
  * \brief C API: 8-bit Unicode handling macros
  * 
  * This file defines macros to deal with 8-bit Unicode (UTF-8) code units (bytes) and strings.
  *
  * For more information see utf.h and the ICU User Guide Strings chapter
  * (https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/strings).
  *
  * <em>Usage:</em>
  * ICU coding guidelines for if() statements should be followed when using these macros.
  * Compound statements (curly braces {}) must be used  for if-else-while... 
  * bodies and all macro statements should be terminated with semicolon.
  */
 
 #ifndef __UTF8_H__
 #define __UTF8_H__
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include "unicode/umachine.h"
 #ifndef __UTF_H__
 #   include "unicode/utf.h"
 #endif
 
 /* internal definitions ----------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /**
  * Counts the trail bytes for a UTF-8 lead byte.
  * Returns 0 for 0..0xc1 as well as for 0xf5..0xff.
  * leadByte might be evaluated multiple times.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this file and thus must remain stable.
  *
  * @param leadByte The first byte of a UTF-8 sequence. Must be 0..0xff.
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_COUNT_TRAIL_BYTES(leadByte) \
     (U8_IS_LEAD(leadByte) ? \
         ((uint8_t)(leadByte)>=0xe0)+((uint8_t)(leadByte)>=0xf0)+1 : 0)
 
 /**
  * Counts the trail bytes for a UTF-8 lead byte of a valid UTF-8 sequence.
  * Returns 0 for 0..0xc1. Undefined for 0xf5..0xff.
  * leadByte might be evaluated multiple times.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this file and thus must remain stable.
  *
  * @param leadByte The first byte of a UTF-8 sequence. Must be 0..0xff.
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_COUNT_TRAIL_BYTES_UNSAFE(leadByte) \
     (((uint8_t)(leadByte)>=0xc2)+((uint8_t)(leadByte)>=0xe0)+((uint8_t)(leadByte)>=0xf0))
 
 /**
  * Mask a UTF-8 lead byte, leave only the lower bits that form part of the code point value.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this file and thus must remain stable.
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_MASK_LEAD_BYTE(leadByte, countTrailBytes) ((leadByte)&=(1<<(6-(countTrailBytes)))-1)
 
 /**
  * Internal bit vector for 3-byte UTF-8 validity check, for use in U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1.
  * Each bit indicates whether one lead byte + first trail byte pair starts a valid sequence.
  * Lead byte E0..EF bits 3..0 are used as byte index,
  * first trail byte bits 7..5 are used as bit index into that byte.
  * @see U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_LEAD3_T1_BITS "\x20\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x10\x30\x30"
 
 /**
  * Internal 3-byte UTF-8 validity check.
  * Non-zero if lead byte E0..EF and first trail byte 00..FF start a valid sequence.
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1(lead, t1) (U8_LEAD3_T1_BITS[(lead)&0xf]&(1<<((uint8_t)(t1)>>5)))
 
 /**
  * Internal bit vector for 4-byte UTF-8 validity check, for use in U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1.
  * Each bit indicates whether one lead byte + first trail byte pair starts a valid sequence.
  * First trail byte bits 7..4 are used as byte index,
  * lead byte F0..F4 bits 2..0 are used as bit index into that byte.
  * @see U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_LEAD4_T1_BITS "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1E\x0F\x0F\x0F\x00\x00\x00\x00"
 
 /**
  * Internal 4-byte UTF-8 validity check.
  * Non-zero if lead byte F0..F4 and first trail byte 00..FF start a valid sequence.
  * @internal
  */
 #define U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1(lead, t1) (U8_LEAD4_T1_BITS[(uint8_t)(t1)>>4]&(1<<((lead)&7)))
 
 /**
  * Function for handling "next code point" with error-checking.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this
  * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal
  * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile).
  * @internal
  */
 U_CAPI UChar32 U_EXPORT2
 utf8_nextCharSafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t *pi, int32_t length, UChar32 c, UBool strict);
 
 /**
  * Function for handling "append code point" with error-checking.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this
  * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal
  * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile).
  * @internal
  */
 U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
 utf8_appendCharSafeBody(uint8_t *s, int32_t i, int32_t length, UChar32 c, UBool *pIsError);
 
 /**
  * Function for handling "previous code point" with error-checking.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this
  * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal
  * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile).
  * @internal
  */
 U_CAPI UChar32 U_EXPORT2
 utf8_prevCharSafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t start, int32_t *pi, UChar32 c, UBool strict);
 
 /**
  * Function for handling "skip backward one code point" with error-checking.
  *
  * This is internal since it is not meant to be called directly by external clients;
  * however it is called by public macros in this
  * file and thus must remain stable, and should not be hidden when other internal
  * functions are hidden (otherwise public macros would fail to compile).
  * @internal
  */
 U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
 utf8_back1SafeBody(const uint8_t *s, int32_t start, int32_t i);
 
 /* single-code point definitions -------------------------------------------- */
 
 /**
  * Does this code unit (byte) encode a code point by itself (US-ASCII 0..0x7f)?
  * @param c 8-bit code unit (byte)
  * @return true or false
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_IS_SINGLE(c) (((c)&0x80)==0)
 
 /**
  * Is this code unit (byte) a UTF-8 lead byte? (0xC2..0xF4)
  * @param c 8-bit code unit (byte)
  * @return true or false
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_IS_LEAD(c) ((uint8_t)((c)-0xc2)<=0x32)
 // 0x32=0xf4-0xc2
 
 /**
  * Is this code unit (byte) a UTF-8 trail byte? (0x80..0xBF)
  * @param c 8-bit code unit (byte)
  * @return true or false
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_IS_TRAIL(c) ((int8_t)(c)<-0x40)
 
 /**
  * How many code units (bytes) are used for the UTF-8 encoding
  * of this Unicode code point?
  * @param c 32-bit code point
  * @return 1..4, or 0 if c is a surrogate or not a Unicode code point
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_LENGTH(c) \
     ((uint32_t)(c)<=0x7f ? 1 : \
         ((uint32_t)(c)<=0x7ff ? 2 : \
             ((uint32_t)(c)<=0xd7ff ? 3 : \
                 ((uint32_t)(c)<=0xdfff || (uint32_t)(c)>0x10ffff ? 0 : \
                     ((uint32_t)(c)<=0xffff ? 3 : 4)\
                 ) \
             ) \
         ) \
     )
 
 /**
  * The maximum number of UTF-8 code units (bytes) per Unicode code point (U+0000..U+10ffff).
  * @return 4
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_MAX_LENGTH 4
 
 /**
  * Get a code point from a string at a random-access offset,
  * without changing the offset.
  * The offset may point to either the lead byte or one of the trail bytes
  * for a code point, in which case the macro will read all of the bytes
  * for the code point.
  * The result is undefined if the offset points to an illegal UTF-8
  * byte sequence.
  * Iteration through a string is more efficient with U8_NEXT_UNSAFE or U8_NEXT.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @param c output UChar32 variable
  * @see U8_GET
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_GET_UNSAFE(s, i, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t _u8_get_unsafe_index=(int32_t)(i); \
     U8_SET_CP_START_UNSAFE(s, _u8_get_unsafe_index); \
     U8_NEXT_UNSAFE(s, _u8_get_unsafe_index, c); \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Get a code point from a string at a random-access offset,
  * without changing the offset.
  * The offset may point to either the lead byte or one of the trail bytes
  * for a code point, in which case the macro will read all of the bytes
  * for the code point.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * If the offset points to an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence, then
  * c is set to a negative value.
  * Iteration through a string is more efficient with U8_NEXT_UNSAFE or U8_NEXT.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i<length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to <0 in case of an error
  * @see U8_GET_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_GET(s, start, i, length, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t _u8_get_index=(i); \
     U8_SET_CP_START(s, start, _u8_get_index); \
     U8_NEXT(s, _u8_get_index, length, c); \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Get a code point from a string at a random-access offset,
  * without changing the offset.
  * The offset may point to either the lead byte or one of the trail bytes
  * for a code point, in which case the macro will read all of the bytes
  * for the code point.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * If the offset points to an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence, then
  * c is set to U+FFFD.
  * Iteration through a string is more efficient with U8_NEXT_UNSAFE or U8_NEXT_OR_FFFD.
  *
  * This macro does not distinguish between a real U+FFFD in the text
  * and U+FFFD returned for an ill-formed sequence.
  * Use U8_GET() if that distinction is important.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i<length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to U+FFFD in case of an error
  * @see U8_GET
  * @stable ICU 51
  */
 #define U8_GET_OR_FFFD(s, start, i, length, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t _u8_get_index=(i); \
     U8_SET_CP_START(s, start, _u8_get_index); \
     U8_NEXT_OR_FFFD(s, _u8_get_index, length, c); \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /* definitions with forward iteration --------------------------------------- */
 
 /**
  * Get a code point from a string at a code point boundary offset,
  * and advance the offset to the next code point boundary.
  * (Post-incrementing forward iteration.)
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * The offset may point to the lead byte of a multi-byte sequence,
  * in which case the macro will read the whole sequence.
  * The result is undefined if the offset points to a trail byte
  * or an illegal UTF-8 sequence.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @param c output UChar32 variable
  * @see U8_NEXT
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_NEXT_UNSAFE(s, i, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     (c)=(uint8_t)(s)[(i)++]; \
     if(!U8_IS_SINGLE(c)) { \
         if((c)<0xe0) { \
             (c)=(((c)&0x1f)<<6)|((s)[(i)++]&0x3f); \
         } else if((c)<0xf0) { \
             /* no need for (c&0xf) because the upper bits are truncated after <<12 in the cast to (UChar) */ \
             (c)=(UChar)(((c)<<12)|(((s)[i]&0x3f)<<6)|((s)[(i)+1]&0x3f)); \
             (i)+=2; \
         } else { \
             (c)=(((c)&7)<<18)|(((s)[i]&0x3f)<<12)|(((s)[(i)+1]&0x3f)<<6)|((s)[(i)+2]&0x3f); \
             (i)+=3; \
         } \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Get a code point from a string at a code point boundary offset,
  * and advance the offset to the next code point boundary.
  * (Post-incrementing forward iteration.)
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * The offset may point to the lead byte of a multi-byte sequence,
  * in which case the macro will read the whole sequence.
  * If the offset points to a trail byte or an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then
  * c is set to a negative value.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to <0 in case of an error
  * @see U8_NEXT_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_NEXT(s, i, length, c) U8_INTERNAL_NEXT_OR_SUB(s, i, length, c, U_SENTINEL)
 
 /**
  * Get a code point from a string at a code point boundary offset,
  * and advance the offset to the next code point boundary.
  * (Post-incrementing forward iteration.)
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * The offset may point to the lead byte of a multi-byte sequence,
  * in which case the macro will read the whole sequence.
  * If the offset points to a trail byte or an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then
  * c is set to U+FFFD.
  *
  * This macro does not distinguish between a real U+FFFD in the text
  * and U+FFFD returned for an ill-formed sequence.
  * Use U8_NEXT() if that distinction is important.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to U+FFFD in case of an error
  * @see U8_NEXT
  * @stable ICU 51
  */
 #define U8_NEXT_OR_FFFD(s, i, length, c) U8_INTERNAL_NEXT_OR_SUB(s, i, length, c, 0xfffd)
 
 /** @internal */
 #define U8_INTERNAL_NEXT_OR_SUB(s, i, length, c, sub) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     (c)=(uint8_t)(s)[(i)++]; \
     if(!U8_IS_SINGLE(c)) { \
         uint8_t __t = 0; \
         if((i)!=(length) && \
             /* fetch/validate/assemble all but last trail byte */ \
             ((c)>=0xe0 ? \
                 ((c)<0xf0 ?  /* U+0800..U+FFFF except surrogates */ \
                     U8_LEAD3_T1_BITS[(c)&=0xf]&(1<<((__t=(s)[i])>>5)) && \
                     (__t&=0x3f, 1) \
                 :  /* U+10000..U+10FFFF */ \
                     ((c)-=0xf0)<=4 && \
                     U8_LEAD4_T1_BITS[(__t=(s)[i])>>4]&(1<<(c)) && \
                     ((c)=((c)<<6)|(__t&0x3f), ++(i)!=(length)) && \
                     (__t=(s)[i]-0x80)<=0x3f) && \
                 /* valid second-to-last trail byte */ \
                 ((c)=((c)<<6)|__t, ++(i)!=(length)) \
             :  /* U+0080..U+07FF */ \
                 (c)>=0xc2 && ((c)&=0x1f, 1)) && \
             /* last trail byte */ \
             (__t=(s)[i]-0x80)<=0x3f && \
             ((c)=((c)<<6)|__t, ++(i), 1)) { \
         } else { \
             (c)=(sub);  /* ill-formed*/ \
         } \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Append a code point to a string, overwriting 1 to 4 bytes.
  * The offset points to the current end of the string contents
  * and is advanced (post-increment).
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes a valid code point and sufficient space in the string.
  * Otherwise, the result is undefined.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string buffer
  * @param i string offset
  * @param c code point to append
  * @see U8_APPEND
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_APPEND_UNSAFE(s, i, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     uint32_t __uc=(c); \
     if(__uc<=0x7f) { \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)__uc; \
     } else { \
         if(__uc<=0x7ff) { \
             (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc>>6)|0xc0); \
         } else { \
             if(__uc<=0xffff) { \
                 (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc>>12)|0xe0); \
             } else { \
                 (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc>>18)|0xf0); \
                 (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)(((__uc>>12)&0x3f)|0x80); \
             } \
             (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)(((__uc>>6)&0x3f)|0x80); \
         } \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc&0x3f)|0x80); \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Append a code point to a string, overwriting 1 to 4 bytes.
  * The offset points to the current end of the string contents
  * and is advanced (post-increment).
  * "Safe" macro, checks for a valid code point.
  * If a non-ASCII code point is written, checks for sufficient space in the string.
  * If the code point is not valid or trail bytes do not fit,
  * then isError is set to true.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string buffer
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<capacity
  * @param capacity int32_t size of the string buffer
  * @param c UChar32 code point to append
  * @param isError output UBool set to true if an error occurs, otherwise not modified
  * @see U8_APPEND_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_APPEND(s, i, capacity, c, isError) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     uint32_t __uc=(c); \
     if(__uc<=0x7f) { \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)__uc; \
     } else if(__uc<=0x7ff && (i)+1<(capacity)) { \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc>>6)|0xc0); \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc&0x3f)|0x80); \
     } else if((__uc<=0xd7ff || (0xe000<=__uc && __uc<=0xffff)) && (i)+2<(capacity)) { \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc>>12)|0xe0); \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)(((__uc>>6)&0x3f)|0x80); \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc&0x3f)|0x80); \
     } else if(0xffff<__uc && __uc<=0x10ffff && (i)+3<(capacity)) { \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc>>18)|0xf0); \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)(((__uc>>12)&0x3f)|0x80); \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)(((__uc>>6)&0x3f)|0x80); \
         (s)[(i)++]=(uint8_t)((__uc&0x3f)|0x80); \
     } else { \
         (isError)=true; \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the next.
  * (Post-incrementing iteration.)
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @see U8_FWD_1
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(s, i) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     (i)+=1+U8_COUNT_TRAIL_BYTES_UNSAFE((s)[i]); \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the next.
  * (Post-incrementing iteration.)
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @see U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_FWD_1(s, i, length) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     uint8_t __b=(s)[(i)++]; \
     if(U8_IS_LEAD(__b) && (i)!=(length)) { \
         uint8_t __t1=(s)[i]; \
         if((0xe0<=__b && __b<0xf0)) { \
             if(U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1(__b, __t1) && \
                     ++(i)!=(length) && U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[i])) { \
                 ++(i); \
             } \
         } else if(__b<0xe0) { \
             if(U8_IS_TRAIL(__t1)) { \
                 ++(i); \
             } \
         } else /* c>=0xf0 */ { \
             if(U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1(__b, __t1) && \
                     ++(i)!=(length) && U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[i]) && \
                     ++(i)!=(length) && U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[i])) { \
                 ++(i); \
             } \
         } \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th next one,
  * i.e., move forward by n code points.
  * (Post-incrementing iteration.)
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @param n number of code points to skip
  * @see U8_FWD_N
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_FWD_N_UNSAFE(s, i, n) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t __N=(n); \
     while(__N>0) { \
         U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(s, i); \
         --__N; \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Advance the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th next one,
  * i.e., move forward by n code points.
  * (Post-incrementing iteration.)
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be i<length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @param n number of code points to skip
  * @see U8_FWD_N_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_FWD_N(s, i, length, n) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t __N=(n); \
     while(__N>0 && ((i)<(length) || ((length)<0 && (s)[i]!=0))) { \
         U8_FWD_1(s, i, length); \
         --__N; \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary
  * at the start of a code point.
  * If the offset points to a UTF-8 trail byte,
  * then the offset is moved backward to the corresponding lead byte.
  * Otherwise, it is not modified.
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @see U8_SET_CP_START
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_SET_CP_START_UNSAFE(s, i) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     while(U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[i])) { --(i); } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary
  * at the start of a code point.
  * If the offset points to a UTF-8 trail byte,
  * then the offset is moved backward to the corresponding lead byte.
  * Otherwise, it is not modified.
  *
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  * Unlike U8_TRUNCATE_IF_INCOMPLETE(), this macro always reads s[i].
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0)
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i
  * @see U8_SET_CP_START_UNSAFE
  * @see U8_TRUNCATE_IF_INCOMPLETE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_SET_CP_START(s, start, i) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     if(U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[(i)])) { \
         (i)=utf8_back1SafeBody(s, start, (i)); \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * If the string ends with a UTF-8 byte sequence that is valid so far
  * but incomplete, then reduce the length of the string to end before
  * the lead byte of that incomplete sequence.
  * For example, if the string ends with E1 80, the length is reduced by 2.
  *
  * In all other cases (the string ends with a complete sequence, or it is not
  * possible for any further trail byte to extend the trailing sequence)
  * the length remains unchanged.
  *
  * Useful for processing text split across multiple buffers
  * (save the incomplete sequence for later)
  * and for optimizing iteration
  * (check for string length only once per character).
  *
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  * Unlike U8_SET_CP_START(), this macro never reads s[length].
  *
  * (In UTF-16, simply check for U16_IS_LEAD(last code unit).)
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0)
  * @param length int32_t string length (usually start<=length)
  * @see U8_SET_CP_START
  * @stable ICU 61
  */
 #define U8_TRUNCATE_IF_INCOMPLETE(s, start, length) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     if((length)>(start)) { \
         uint8_t __b1=s[(length)-1]; \
         if(U8_IS_SINGLE(__b1)) { \
             /* common ASCII character */ \
         } else if(U8_IS_LEAD(__b1)) { \
             --(length); \
         } else if(U8_IS_TRAIL(__b1) && ((length)-2)>=(start)) { \
             uint8_t __b2=s[(length)-2]; \
             if(0xe0<=__b2 && __b2<=0xf4) { \
                 if(__b2<0xf0 ? U8_IS_VALID_LEAD3_AND_T1(__b2, __b1) : \
                         U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1(__b2, __b1)) { \
                     (length)-=2; \
                 } \
             } else if(U8_IS_TRAIL(__b2) && ((length)-3)>=(start)) { \
                 uint8_t __b3=s[(length)-3]; \
                 if(0xf0<=__b3 && __b3<=0xf4 && U8_IS_VALID_LEAD4_AND_T1(__b3, __b2)) { \
                     (length)-=3; \
                 } \
             } \
         } \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /* definitions with backward iteration -------------------------------------- */
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one
  * and get the code point between them.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * If the offset is behind a multi-byte sequence, then the macro will read
  * the whole sequence.
  * If the offset is behind a lead byte, then that itself
  * will be returned as the code point.
  * The result is undefined if the offset is behind an illegal UTF-8 sequence.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @param c output UChar32 variable
  * @see U8_PREV
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_PREV_UNSAFE(s, i, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     (c)=(uint8_t)(s)[--(i)]; \
     if(U8_IS_TRAIL(c)) { \
         uint8_t __b, __count=1, __shift=6; \
 \
         /* c is a trail byte */ \
         (c)&=0x3f; \
         for(;;) { \
             __b=(s)[--(i)]; \
             if(__b>=0xc0) { \
                 U8_MASK_LEAD_BYTE(__b, __count); \
                 (c)|=(UChar32)__b<<__shift; \
                 break; \
             } else { \
                 (c)|=(UChar32)(__b&0x3f)<<__shift; \
                 ++__count; \
                 __shift+=6; \
             } \
         } \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one
  * and get the code point between them.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * If the offset is behind a multi-byte sequence, then the macro will read
  * the whole sequence.
  * If the offset is behind a lead byte, then that itself
  * will be returned as the code point.
  * If the offset is behind an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then c is set to a negative value.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0)
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i
  * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to <0 in case of an error
  * @see U8_PREV_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_PREV(s, start, i, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     (c)=(uint8_t)(s)[--(i)]; \
     if(!U8_IS_SINGLE(c)) { \
         (c)=utf8_prevCharSafeBody((const uint8_t *)s, start, &(i), c, -1); \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one
  * and get the code point between them.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * If the offset is behind a multi-byte sequence, then the macro will read
  * the whole sequence.
  * If the offset is behind a lead byte, then that itself
  * will be returned as the code point.
  * If the offset is behind an illegal UTF-8 sequence, then c is set to U+FFFD.
  *
  * This macro does not distinguish between a real U+FFFD in the text
  * and U+FFFD returned for an ill-formed sequence.
  * Use U8_PREV() if that distinction is important.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0)
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i
  * @param c output UChar32 variable, set to U+FFFD in case of an error
  * @see U8_PREV
  * @stable ICU 51
  */
 #define U8_PREV_OR_FFFD(s, start, i, c) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     (c)=(uint8_t)(s)[--(i)]; \
     if(!U8_IS_SINGLE(c)) { \
         (c)=utf8_prevCharSafeBody((const uint8_t *)s, start, &(i), c, -3); \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @see U8_BACK_1
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_BACK_1_UNSAFE(s, i) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     while(U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[--(i)])) {} \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the previous one.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0)
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i
  * @see U8_BACK_1_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_BACK_1(s, start, i) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     if(U8_IS_TRAIL((s)[--(i)])) { \
         (i)=utf8_back1SafeBody(s, start, (i)); \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th one before it,
  * i.e., move backward by n code points.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @param n number of code points to skip
  * @see U8_BACK_N
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_BACK_N_UNSAFE(s, i, n) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t __N=(n); \
     while(__N>0) { \
         U8_BACK_1_UNSAFE(s, i); \
         --__N; \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Move the string offset from one code point boundary to the n-th one before it,
  * i.e., move backward by n code points.
  * (Pre-decrementing backward iteration.)
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t index of the start of the string
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<i
  * @param n number of code points to skip
  * @see U8_BACK_N_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_BACK_N(s, start, i, n) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     int32_t __N=(n); \
     while(__N>0 && (i)>(start)) { \
         U8_BACK_1(s, start, i); \
         --__N; \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary after a code point.
  * If the offset is behind a partial multi-byte sequence,
  * then the offset is incremented to behind the whole sequence.
  * Otherwise, it is not modified.
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * "Unsafe" macro, assumes well-formed UTF-8.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param i string offset
  * @see U8_SET_CP_LIMIT
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_SET_CP_LIMIT_UNSAFE(s, i) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     U8_BACK_1_UNSAFE(s, i); \
     U8_FWD_1_UNSAFE(s, i); \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 /**
  * Adjust a random-access offset to a code point boundary after a code point.
  * If the offset is behind a partial multi-byte sequence,
  * then the offset is incremented to behind the whole sequence.
  * Otherwise, it is not modified.
  * The input offset may be the same as the string length.
  * "Safe" macro, checks for illegal sequences and for string boundaries.
  *
  * The length can be negative for a NUL-terminated string.
  *
  * @param s const uint8_t * string
  * @param start int32_t starting string offset (usually 0)
  * @param i int32_t string offset, must be start<=i<=length
  * @param length int32_t string length
  * @see U8_SET_CP_LIMIT_UNSAFE
  * @stable ICU 2.4
  */
 #define U8_SET_CP_LIMIT(s, start, i, length) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
     if((start)<(i) && ((i)<(length) || (length)<0)) { \
         U8_BACK_1(s, start, i); \
         U8_FWD_1(s, i, length); \
     } \
 } UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END
 
 #endif

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