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 #ifndef BOOST_LEAF_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
 #define BOOST_LEAF_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
 
 // Copyright 2018-2024 Emil Dotchevski and Reverge Studios, Inc.
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
 // file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
 #include <boost/leaf/config.hpp>
 #include <boost/leaf/detail/print.hpp>
 #include <boost/leaf/detail/capture_list.hpp>
 #include <boost/leaf/exception.hpp>
 
 #include <climits>
 #include <functional>
 
 namespace boost { namespace leaf {
 
 namespace detail { class dynamic_allocator; }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////
 
 class bad_result:
     public std::exception
 {
     char const * what() const noexcept final override
     {
         return "boost::leaf::bad_result";
     }
 };
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////
 
 namespace detail
 {
     template <class T, bool Printable = is_printable<T>::value>
     struct result_value_printer;
 
     template <class T>
     struct result_value_printer<T, true>
     {
         template <class CharT, class Traits>
         static void print( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> & s, T const & x )
         {
             (void) (s << x);
         }
     };
 
     template <class T>
     struct result_value_printer<T, false>
     {
         template <class CharT, class Traits>
         static void print( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> & s, T const & )
         {
             (void) (s << "{not printable}");
         }
     };
 
     template <class CharT, class Traits, class T>
     void print_result_value( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> & s, T const & x )
     {
         result_value_printer<T>::print(s, x);
     }
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////
 
 namespace detail
 {
     template <class T>
     struct stored
     {
         using type = T;
         using value_no_ref = T;
         using value_no_ref_const = T const;
         using value_cref = T const &;
         using value_ref = T &;
         using value_rv_cref = T const &&;
         using value_rv_ref = T &&;
 
         static value_no_ref_const * cptr( type const & v ) noexcept
         {
             return &v;
         }
 
         static value_no_ref * ptr( type & v ) noexcept
         {
             return &v;
         }
     };
 
     template <class T>
     struct stored<T &>
     {
         using type = std::reference_wrapper<T>;
         using value_no_ref = T;
         using value_no_ref_const = T;
         using value_ref = T &;
         using value_cref = T &;
         using value_rv_ref = T &;
         using value_rv_cref = T &;
 
         static value_no_ref_const * cptr( type const & v ) noexcept
         {
             return &v.get();
         }
 
         static value_no_ref * ptr( type const & v ) noexcept
         {
             return &v.get();
         }
     };
 
     class result_discriminant
     {
         int state_;
 
     public:
 
         enum kind_t
         {
             err_id_zero = 0,
             err_id = 1,
             err_id_capture_list = 2,
             val = 3
         };
 
         explicit result_discriminant( error_id id ) noexcept:
             state_(id.value())
         {
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(state_ == 0 || (state_&3) == 1);
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(kind() == err_id_zero || kind() == err_id);
         }
 
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
         explicit result_discriminant( int err_id, detail::capture_list const & ) noexcept:
             state_((err_id&~3) | 2)
         {
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT((err_id&3) == 1);
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(kind() == err_id_capture_list);
         }
 #endif
 
         struct kind_val { };
         explicit result_discriminant( kind_val ) noexcept:
             state_(val)
         {
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT((state_&3) == 3);
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(kind() == val);
         }
 
         kind_t kind() const noexcept
         {
             return kind_t(state_&3);
         }
 
         error_id get_error_id() const noexcept
         {
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(kind() == err_id_zero || kind() == err_id || kind() == err_id_capture_list);
             return make_error_id(int((state_&~3)|1));
         }
     };
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////
 
 template <class T>
 class BOOST_LEAF_SYMBOL_VISIBLE BOOST_LEAF_ATTRIBUTE_NODISCARD result
 {
     template <class U>
     friend class result;
 
     friend class detail::dynamic_allocator;
 
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
     using capture_list = detail::capture_list;
 #endif
 
     using result_discriminant = detail::result_discriminant;
     using stored_type = typename detail::stored<T>::type;
     using value_no_ref = typename detail::stored<T>::value_no_ref;
     using value_no_ref_const = typename detail::stored<T>::value_no_ref_const;
     using value_ref = typename detail::stored<T>::value_ref;
     using value_cref = typename detail::stored<T>::value_cref;
     using value_rv_ref = typename detail::stored<T>::value_rv_ref;
     using value_rv_cref = typename detail::stored<T>::value_rv_cref;
 
     union
     {
         stored_type stored_;
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
         mutable capture_list cap_;
 #endif
     };
 
     result_discriminant what_;
 
     struct error_result
     {
         error_result( error_result && ) = default;
         error_result( error_result const & ) = delete;
         error_result & operator=( error_result const & ) = delete;
 
         result & r_;
 
         error_result( result & r ) noexcept:
             r_(r)
         {
         }
 
         template <class U>
         operator result<U>() noexcept
         {
             result_discriminant const what = r_.what_;
             switch(auto k = what.kind())
             {
                 case result_discriminant::val:
                     return result<U>(error_id());
                 case result_discriminant::err_id_capture_list:
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
                     return result<U>(what.get_error_id().value(), std::move(r_.cap_));
 #else
                     BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(0); // Possible ODR violation.
 #endif
                 default:
                     BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(k == result_discriminant::err_id);
                 case result_discriminant::err_id_zero:
                     return result<U>(what.get_error_id());
             }
         }
 
         operator error_id() const noexcept
         {
             result_discriminant const what = r_.what_;
             return what.kind() == result_discriminant::val?
                 error_id() :
                 what.get_error_id();
         }
     };
 
     void destroy() const noexcept
     {
         switch(auto k = this->what_.kind())
         {
         default:
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(k == result_discriminant::err_id);
         case result_discriminant::err_id_zero:
             break;
         case result_discriminant::err_id_capture_list:
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
             cap_.~capture_list();
 #else
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(0); // Possible ODR violation.
 #endif
             break;
         case result_discriminant::val:
             stored_.~stored_type();
         }
     }
 
     template <class U>
     result_discriminant move_from( result<U> && x ) noexcept
     {
         auto x_what = x.what_;
         switch(auto k = x_what.kind())
         {
         default:
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(k == result_discriminant::err_id);
         case result_discriminant::err_id_zero:
             break;
         case result_discriminant::err_id_capture_list:
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
             (void) new(&cap_) capture_list(std::move(x.cap_));
 #else
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(0); // Possible ODR violation.
 #endif
             break;
         case result_discriminant::val:
             (void) new(&stored_) stored_type(std::move(x.stored_));
         }
         return x_what;
     }
 
     error_id get_error_id() const noexcept
     {
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(what_.kind() != result_discriminant::val);
         return what_.get_error_id();
     }
 
     stored_type const * get() const noexcept
     {
         return has_value() ? &stored_ : nullptr;
     }
 
     stored_type * get() noexcept
     {
         return has_value() ? &stored_ : nullptr;
     }
 
 protected:
 
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
     result( int err_id, detail::capture_list && cap ) noexcept:
         cap_(std::move(cap)),
         what_(err_id, cap)
     {
     }
 #endif
 
     void enforce_value_state() const
     {
         switch( what_.kind() )
         {
         case result_discriminant::err_id_capture_list:
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
             cap_.unload(what_.get_error_id().value());
 #else
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(0); // Possible ODR violation.
 #endif
         case result_discriminant::err_id_zero:
         case result_discriminant::err_id:
             throw_exception(get_error_id(), bad_result{});
         case result_discriminant::val:
             break;
         }
     }
 
     template <class U>
     void move_assign( result<U> && x ) noexcept
     {
         destroy();
         what_ = move_from(std::move(x));
     }
 
     template <class CharT, class Traits>
     void print_error_result(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> & os) const
     {
         result_discriminant const what = what_;
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(what.kind() != result_discriminant::val);
         error_id const err_id = what.get_error_id();
         os << "Error serial #" << err_id;
         if( what.kind() == result_discriminant::err_id_capture_list )
         {
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
             char const * prefix = "\nCaptured:";
             cap_.print(os, err_id, prefix);
             os << "\n";
 #else
             BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(0); // Possible ODR violation.
 #endif
         }
     }
 
 public:
 
     using value_type = T;
 
     // NOTE: Copy constructor implicitly deleted.
 
     result( result && x ) noexcept:
         what_(move_from(std::move(x)))
     {
     }
 
     template <class U, class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type>
     result( result<U> && x ) noexcept:
         what_(move_from(std::move(x)))
     {
     }
 
     result():
         stored_(stored_type()),
         what_(result_discriminant::kind_val{})
     {
     }
 
     result( value_no_ref && v ) noexcept:
         stored_(std::forward<value_no_ref>(v)),
         what_(result_discriminant::kind_val{})
     {
     }
 
     result( value_no_ref const & v ):
         stored_(v),
         what_(result_discriminant::kind_val{})
     {
     }
 
     template<class... A, class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<T, A...>::value && sizeof...(A) >= 2>::type>
     result( A && ... a ) noexcept:
         stored_(std::forward<A>(a)...),
         what_(result_discriminant::kind_val{})
     {
     }
 
     result( error_id err ) noexcept:
         what_(err)
     {
     }
 
 #if defined(BOOST_STRICT_CONFIG) || !defined(__clang__)
 
     // This should be the default implementation, but std::is_convertible
     // breaks under COMPILER=/usr/bin/clang++ CXXSTD=11 clang 3.3.
     // On the other hand, the workaround exposes a rather severe bug in
     //__GNUC__ under 11: https://github.com/boostorg/leaf/issues/25.
 
     // SFINAE: T can be initialized with an A, e.g. result<std::string>("literal").
     template<class A, class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<T, A>::value && std::is_convertible<A, T>::value>::type>
     result( A && a ) noexcept:
         stored_(std::forward<A>(a)),
         what_(result_discriminant::kind_val{})
     {
     }
 
 #else
 
 private:
     static int init_T_with_A( T && );
 public:
 
     // SFINAE: T can be initialized with an A, e.g. result<std::string>("literal").
     template <class A>
     result( A && a, decltype(init_T_with_A(std::forward<A>(a))) * = nullptr ):
         stored_(std::forward<A>(a)),
         what_(result_discriminant::kind_val{})
     {
     }
 
 #endif
 
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_STD_SYSTEM_ERROR
     result( std::error_code const & ec ) noexcept:
         what_(error_id(ec))
     {
     }
 
     template <class Enum, class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_error_code_enum<Enum>::value, int>::type>
     result( Enum e ) noexcept:
         what_(error_id(e))
     {
     }
 #endif
 
     ~result() noexcept
     {
         destroy();
     }
 
     // NOTE: Assignment operator implicitly deleted.
 
     result & operator=( result && x ) noexcept
     {
         move_assign(std::move(x));
         return *this;
     }
 
     template <class U, class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type>
     result & operator=( result<U> && x ) noexcept
     {
         move_assign(std::move(x));
         return *this;
     }
 
     bool has_value() const noexcept
     {
         return what_.kind() == result_discriminant::val;
     }
 
     bool has_error() const noexcept
     {
         return !has_value();
     }
 
     explicit operator bool() const noexcept
     {
         return has_value();
     }
 
 #ifdef BOOST_LEAF_NO_CXX11_REF_QUALIFIERS
 
     value_cref value() const
     {
         enforce_value_state();
         return stored_;
     }
 
     value_ref value()
     {
         enforce_value_state();
         return stored_;
     }
 
 #else
 
     value_cref value() const &
     {
         enforce_value_state();
         return stored_;
     }
 
     value_ref value() &
     {
         enforce_value_state();
         return stored_;
     }
 
     value_rv_cref value() const &&
     {
         enforce_value_state();
         return std::move(stored_);
     }
 
     value_rv_ref value() &&
     {
         enforce_value_state();
         return std::move(stored_);
     }
 
 #endif
 
     value_no_ref_const * operator->() const noexcept
     {
         return has_value() ? detail::stored<T>::cptr(stored_) : nullptr;
     }
 
     value_no_ref * operator->() noexcept
     {
         return has_value() ? detail::stored<T>::ptr(stored_) : nullptr;
     }
 
 #ifdef BOOST_LEAF_NO_CXX11_REF_QUALIFIERS
 
     value_cref operator*() const noexcept
     {
         auto p = get();
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(p != nullptr);
         return *p;
     }
 
     value_ref operator*() noexcept
     {
         auto p = get();
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(p != nullptr);
         return *p;
     }
 
 #else
 
     value_cref operator*() const & noexcept
     {
         auto p = get();
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(p != nullptr);
         return *p;
     }
 
     value_ref operator*() & noexcept
     {
         auto p = get();
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(p != nullptr);
         return *p;
     }
 
     value_rv_cref operator*() const && noexcept
     {
         auto p = get();
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(p != nullptr);
         return std::move(*p);
     }
 
     value_rv_ref operator*() && noexcept
     {
         auto p = get();
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(p != nullptr);
         return std::move(*p);
     }
 
 #endif
 
     error_result error() noexcept
     {
         return error_result{*this};
     }
 
     template <class... Item>
     error_id load( Item && ... item ) noexcept
     {
         return error_id(error()).load(std::forward<Item>(item)...);
     }
 
     void unload()
     {
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
         if( what_.kind() == result_discriminant::err_id_capture_list )
             cap_.unload(what_.get_error_id().value());
 #endif
     }
 
     template <class CharT, class Traits>
     friend std::ostream & operator<<( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> & os, result const & r )
     {
         if( r.what_.kind() == result_discriminant::val )
             detail::print_result_value(os, r.value());
         else
             r.print_error_result(os);
         return os;
     }
 };
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////
 
 namespace detail
 {
     struct void_ { };
 }
 
 template <>
 class BOOST_LEAF_SYMBOL_VISIBLE BOOST_LEAF_ATTRIBUTE_NODISCARD result<void>:
     result<detail::void_>
 {
     template <class U>
     friend class result;
 
     friend class detail::dynamic_allocator;
 
     using result_discriminant = detail::result_discriminant;
     using void_ = detail::void_;
     using base = result<void_>;
 
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_CAPTURE
     result( int err_id, detail::capture_list && cap ) noexcept:
         base(err_id, std::move(cap))
     {
     }
 #endif
 
 public:
 
     using value_type = void;
 
     // NOTE: Copy constructor implicitly deleted.
     result( result && x ) noexcept:
         base(std::move(x))
     {
     }
 
     result() noexcept
     {
     }
 
     result( error_id err ) noexcept:
         base(err)
     {
     }
 
 #if BOOST_LEAF_CFG_STD_SYSTEM_ERROR
     result( std::error_code const & ec ) noexcept:
         base(ec)
     {
     }
 
     template <class Enum, class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_error_code_enum<Enum>::value, int>::type>
     result( Enum e ) noexcept:
         base(e)
     {
     }
 #endif
 
     ~result() noexcept
     {
     }
 
     // NOTE: Assignment operator implicitly deleted.
     result & operator=( result && x ) noexcept
     {
         base::move_assign(std::move(x));
         return *this;
     }
 
     void value() const
     {
         base::enforce_value_state();
     }
 
     void const * operator->() const noexcept
     {
         return base::operator->();
     }
 
     void * operator->() noexcept
     {
         return base::operator->();
     }
 
     void operator*() const noexcept
     {
         BOOST_LEAF_ASSERT(has_value());
     }
 
     template <class CharT, class Traits>
     friend std::ostream & operator<<( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> & os, result const & r )
     {
         if( r )
             os << "No error";
         else
             r.print_error_result(os);
         return os;
     }
 
     using base::operator=;
     using base::operator bool;
     using base::get_error_id;
     using base::error;
     using base::load;
     using base::unload;
 };
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////
 
 template <class R>
 struct is_result_type;
 
 template <class T>
 struct is_result_type<result<T>>: std::true_type
 {
 };
 
 } }
 
 #endif // BOOST_LEAF_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED

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