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 //  filesystem path.hpp  ---------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 //  Copyright Vladimir Prus 2002
 //  Copyright Beman Dawes 2002-2005, 2009
 //  Copyright Andrey Semashev 2021-2023
 
 //  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 //  See http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
 
 //  Library home page: http://www.boost.org/libs/filesystem
 
 //  path::stem(), extension(), and replace_extension() are based on
 //  basename(), extension(), and change_extension() from the original
 //  filesystem/convenience.hpp header by Vladimir Prus.
 
 #ifndef BOOST_FILESYSTEM_PATH_HPP
 #define BOOST_FILESYSTEM_PATH_HPP
 
 #include <boost/assert.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem/config.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem/detail/path_traits.hpp>
 #include <boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp>
 #include <boost/iterator/iterator_categories.hpp>
 #include <boost/core/enable_if.hpp>
 #include <boost/io/quoted.hpp>
 #include <boost/functional/hash_fwd.hpp>
 #include <boost/type_traits/negation.hpp>
 #include <boost/type_traits/conjunction.hpp>
 #include <boost/type_traits/disjunction.hpp>
 #include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>
 #include <boost/type_traits/remove_cv.hpp>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <locale>
 #include <string>
 #include <iterator>
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX17_HDR_STRING_VIEW)
 #include <string_view>
 #endif
 
 #include <boost/filesystem/detail/header.hpp> // must be the last #include
 
 namespace boost {
 namespace filesystem {
 
 class path;
 
 namespace path_detail { // intentionally don't use filesystem::detail to not bring internal Boost.Filesystem functions into ADL via path_constants
 
 template< typename Char, Char Separator, Char PreferredSeparator, Char Dot >
 struct path_constants
 {
     typedef path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot > path_constants_base;
     typedef Char value_type;
     static BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST value_type separator = Separator;
     static BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST value_type preferred_separator = PreferredSeparator;
     static BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST value_type dot = Dot;
 };
 
 #if defined(BOOST_NO_CXX17_INLINE_VARIABLES)
 template< typename Char, Char Separator, Char PreferredSeparator, Char Dot >
 BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST typename path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot >::value_type
 path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot >::separator;
 template< typename Char, Char Separator, Char PreferredSeparator, Char Dot >
 BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST typename path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot >::value_type
 path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot >::preferred_separator;
 template< typename Char, Char Separator, Char PreferredSeparator, Char Dot >
 BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST typename path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot >::value_type
 path_constants< Char, Separator, PreferredSeparator, Dot >::dot;
 #endif
 
 class path_iterator;
 class path_reverse_iterator;
 
 } // namespace path_detail
 
 namespace detail {
 
 struct path_algorithms
 {
     // A struct that denotes a contiguous range of characters in a string. A lightweight alternative to string_view.
     struct substring
     {
         std::size_t pos;
         std::size_t size;
     };
 
     typedef path_traits::path_native_char_type value_type;
     typedef std::basic_string< value_type > string_type;
 
     static bool has_filename_v3(path const& p);
     static bool has_filename_v4(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static path filename_v3(path const& p);
     static path filename_v4(path const& p);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static path stem_v3(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static path stem_v4(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static path extension_v3(path const& p);
     static path extension_v4(path const& p);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void remove_filename_v3(path& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void remove_filename_v4(path& p);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void replace_extension_v3(path& p, path const& new_extension);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void replace_extension_v4(path& p, path const& new_extension);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static path lexically_normal_v3(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static path lexically_normal_v4(path const& p);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static int compare_v3(path const& left, path const& right);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static int compare_v4(path const& left, path const& right);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void append_v3(path& p, const value_type* b, const value_type* e);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void append_v4(path& p, const value_type* b, const value_type* e);
     static void append_v4(path& left, path const& right);
 
     //  Returns: If separator is to be appended, m_pathname.size() before append. Otherwise 0.
     //  Note: An append is never performed if size()==0, so a returned 0 is unambiguous.
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static string_type::size_type append_separator_if_needed(path& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void erase_redundant_separator(path& p, string_type::size_type sep_pos);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static string_type::size_type find_root_name_size(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static string_type::size_type find_root_path_size(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static substring find_root_directory(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static substring find_relative_path(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static string_type::size_type find_parent_path_size(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static string_type::size_type find_filename_v4_size(path const& p);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static string_type::size_type find_extension_v4_size(path const& p);
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static int lex_compare_v3
     (
         path_detail::path_iterator first1, path_detail::path_iterator const& last1,
         path_detail::path_iterator first2, path_detail::path_iterator const& last2
     );
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static int lex_compare_v4
     (
         path_detail::path_iterator first1, path_detail::path_iterator const& last1,
         path_detail::path_iterator first2, path_detail::path_iterator const& last2
     );
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void increment_v3(path_detail::path_iterator& it);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void increment_v4(path_detail::path_iterator& it);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void decrement_v3(path_detail::path_iterator& it);
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL static void decrement_v4(path_detail::path_iterator& it);
 };
 
 } // namespace detail
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 //                                                                                    //
 //                                    class path                                      //
 //                                                                                    //
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 class path :
     public filesystem::path_detail::path_constants<
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
         detail::path_traits::path_native_char_type, L'/', L'\\', L'.'
 #else
         detail::path_traits::path_native_char_type, '/', '/', '.'
 #endif
     >
 {
     friend class path_detail::path_iterator;
     friend class path_detail::path_reverse_iterator;
     friend struct detail::path_algorithms;
 
 public:
     //  value_type is the character type used by the operating system API to
     //  represent paths.
 
     typedef detail::path_algorithms::value_type value_type;
     typedef detail::path_algorithms::string_type string_type;
     typedef detail::path_traits::codecvt_type codecvt_type;
 
     //  ----- character encoding conversions -----
 
     //  Following the principle of least astonishment, path input arguments
     //  passed to or obtained from the operating system via objects of
     //  class path behave as if they were directly passed to or
     //  obtained from the O/S API, unless conversion is explicitly requested.
     //
     //  POSIX specfies that path strings are passed unchanged to and from the
     //  API. Note that this is different from the POSIX command line utilities,
     //  which convert according to a locale.
     //
     //  Thus for POSIX, char strings do not undergo conversion.  wchar_t strings
     //  are converted to/from char using the path locale or, if a conversion
     //  argument is given, using a conversion object modeled on
     //  std::wstring_convert.
     //
     //  The path locale, which is global to the thread, can be changed by the
     //  imbue() function. It is initialized to an implementation defined locale.
     //
     //  For Windows, wchar_t strings do not undergo conversion. char strings
     //  are converted using the "ANSI" or "OEM" code pages, as determined by
     //  the AreFileApisANSI() function, or, if a conversion argument is given,
     //  using a conversion object modeled on std::wstring_convert.
     //
     //  See m_pathname comments for further important rationale.
 
     //  TODO: rules needed for operating systems that use / or .
     //  differently, or format directory paths differently from file paths.
     //
     //  **********************************************************************************
     //
     //  More work needed: How to handle an operating system that may have
     //  slash characters or dot characters in valid filenames, either because
     //  it doesn't follow the POSIX standard, or because it allows MBCS
     //  filename encodings that may contain slash or dot characters. For
     //  example, ISO/IEC 2022 (JIS) encoding which allows switching to
     //  JIS x0208-1983 encoding. A valid filename in this set of encodings is
     //  0x1B 0x24 0x42 [switch to X0208-1983] 0x24 0x2F [U+304F Kiragana letter KU]
     //                                             ^^^^
     //  Note that 0x2F is the ASCII slash character
     //
     //  **********************************************************************************
 
     //  Supported source arguments: half-open iterator range, container, c-array,
     //  and single pointer to null terminated string.
 
     //  All source arguments except pointers to null terminated byte strings support
     //  multi-byte character strings which may have embedded nulls. Embedded null
     //  support is required for some Asian languages on Windows.
 
     //  "const codecvt_type& cvt=codecvt()" default arguments are not used because this
     //  limits the impact of locale("") initialization failures on POSIX systems to programs
     //  that actually depend on locale(""). It further ensures that exceptions thrown
     //  as a result of such failues occur after main() has started, so can be caught.
 
 private:
     //! Assignment operation
     class assign_op
     {
     private:
         path& m_self;
 
     public:
         typedef void result_type;
 
         explicit assign_op(path& self) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_self(self) {}
 
         result_type operator() (const value_type* source, const value_type* source_end, const codecvt_type* = NULL) const
         {
             m_self.m_pathname.assign(source, source_end);
         }
 
         template< typename OtherChar >
         result_type operator() (const OtherChar* source, const OtherChar* source_end, const codecvt_type* cvt = NULL) const
         {
             m_self.m_pathname.clear();
             detail::path_traits::convert(source, source_end, m_self.m_pathname, cvt);
         }
     };
 
     //! Concatenation operation
     class concat_op
     {
     private:
         path& m_self;
 
     public:
         typedef void result_type;
 
         explicit concat_op(path& self) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_self(self) {}
 
         result_type operator() (const value_type* source, const value_type* source_end, const codecvt_type* = NULL) const
         {
             m_self.m_pathname.append(source, source_end);
         }
 
         template< typename OtherChar >
         result_type operator() (const OtherChar* source, const OtherChar* source_end, const codecvt_type* cvt = NULL) const
         {
             detail::path_traits::convert(source, source_end, m_self.m_pathname, cvt);
         }
     };
 
     //! Path appending operation
     class append_op
     {
     private:
         path& m_self;
 
     public:
         typedef void result_type;
 
         explicit append_op(path& self) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_self(self) {}
 
         BOOST_FORCEINLINE result_type operator() (const value_type* source, const value_type* source_end, const codecvt_type* = NULL) const
         {
             m_self.append(source, source_end);
         }
 
         template< typename OtherChar >
         BOOST_FORCEINLINE result_type operator() (const OtherChar* source, const OtherChar* source_end, const codecvt_type* cvt = NULL) const
         {
             string_type src;
             detail::path_traits::convert(source, source_end, src, cvt);
             m_self.append(src.data(), src.data() + src.size());
         }
     };
 
     //! Path comparison operation
     class compare_op
     {
     private:
         path const& m_self;
 
     public:
         typedef int result_type;
 
         explicit compare_op(path const& self) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_self(self) {}
 
         result_type operator() (const value_type* source, const value_type* source_end, const codecvt_type* = NULL) const;
 
         template< typename OtherChar >
         result_type operator() (const OtherChar* source, const OtherChar* source_end, const codecvt_type* cvt = NULL) const;
     };
 
 public:
     typedef path_detail::path_iterator iterator;
     typedef iterator const_iterator;
     typedef path_detail::path_reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
     typedef reverse_iterator const_reverse_iterator;
 
 public:
     //  -----  constructors  -----
 
     path() BOOST_NOEXCEPT {}
     path(path const& p) : m_pathname(p.m_pathname) {}
     path(path const& p, codecvt_type const&) : m_pathname(p.m_pathname) {}
 
     path(const value_type* s) : m_pathname(s) {}
     path(const value_type* s, codecvt_type const&) : m_pathname(s) {}
     path(string_type const& s) : m_pathname(s) {}
     path(string_type const& s, codecvt_type const&) : m_pathname(s) {}
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX17_HDR_STRING_VIEW)
     path(std::basic_string_view< value_type > const& s) : m_pathname(s) {}
     path(std::basic_string_view< value_type > const& s, codecvt_type const&) : m_pathname(s) {}
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ARGS)
     template<
         typename Source,
         typename = typename boost::enable_if_c<
             boost::conjunction<
                 detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
                 boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
             >::value
         >::type
     >
     path(Source const& source)
 #else
     template< typename Source >
     path(Source const& source, typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value
     >::type* = NULL)
 #endif
     {
         assign(source);
     }
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ARGS)
     template<
         typename Source,
         typename = typename boost::enable_if_c<
             boost::conjunction<
                 detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
                 boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
             >::value
         >::type
     >
     explicit path(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
 #else
     template< typename Source >
     explicit path(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt, typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value
     >::type* = NULL)
 #endif
     {
         assign(source, cvt);
     }
 
     //  As of October 2015 the interaction between noexcept and =default is so troublesome
     //  for VC++, GCC, and probably other compilers, that =default is not used with noexcept
     //  functions. GCC is not even consistent for the same release on different platforms.
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
     path(path&& p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_pathname(static_cast< string_type&& >(p.m_pathname))
     {
     }
     path(path&& p, codecvt_type const&) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_pathname(static_cast< string_type&& >(p.m_pathname))
     {
     }
     path& operator=(path&& p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         m_pathname = static_cast< string_type&& >(p.m_pathname);
         return *this;
     }
     path& assign(path&& p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         m_pathname = static_cast< string_type&& >(p.m_pathname);
         return *this;
     }
     path& assign(path&& p, codecvt_type const&) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         m_pathname = static_cast< string_type&& >(p.m_pathname);
         return *this;
     }
 
     path(string_type&& s) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_pathname(static_cast< string_type&& >(s))
     {
     }
     path(string_type&& s, codecvt_type const&) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : m_pathname(static_cast< string_type&& >(s))
     {
     }
     path& operator=(string_type&& p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         m_pathname = static_cast< string_type&& >(p);
         return *this;
     }
     path& assign(string_type&& p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         m_pathname = static_cast< string_type&& >(p);
         return *this;
     }
     path& assign(string_type&& p, codecvt_type const&) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         m_pathname = static_cast< string_type&& >(p);
         return *this;
     }
 #endif
 
     path(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end) : m_pathname(begin, end) {}
     path(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end, codecvt_type const&) : m_pathname(begin, end) {}
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ARGS)
     template<
         typename InputIterator,
         typename = typename boost::enable_if_c<
             boost::conjunction<
                 detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
                 boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
             >::value
         >::type
     >
     path(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end)
 #else
     template< typename InputIterator >
     path(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value
     >::type* = NULL)
 #endif
     {
         if (begin != end)
         {
             typedef std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source_t;
             source_t source(begin, end);
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
             assign(static_cast< source_t&& >(source));
 #else
             assign(source);
 #endif
         }
     }
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ARGS)
     template<
         typename InputIterator,
         typename = typename boost::enable_if_c<
             boost::conjunction<
                 detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
                 boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
             >::value
         >::type
     >
     path(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, codecvt_type const& cvt)
 #else
     template< typename InputIterator >
     path(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, codecvt_type const& cvt, typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value
     >::type* = NULL)
 #endif
     {
         if (begin != end)
         {
             typedef std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source_t;
             source_t source(begin, end);
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
             assign(static_cast< source_t&& >(source), cvt);
 #else
             assign(source, cvt);
 #endif
         }
     }
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR)
     BOOST_DELETED_FUNCTION(path(std::nullptr_t))
     BOOST_DELETED_FUNCTION(path& operator= (std::nullptr_t))
 #endif
 
 public:
     //  -----  assignments  -----
 
     // We need to explicitly define copy assignment as otherwise it will be implicitly defined as deleted because there is move assignment
     path& operator=(path const& p);
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::disjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type operator=(Source const& source)
     {
         return assign(source);
     }
 
     path& assign(path const& p)
     {
         m_pathname = p.m_pathname;
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type assign(Source const& source)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, assign_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type assign(Source const& source)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, assign_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& assign(path const& p, codecvt_type const&)
     {
         m_pathname = p.m_pathname;
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type assign(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, assign_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type assign(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, assign_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& assign(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end)
     {
         m_pathname.assign(begin, end);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename InputIterator >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type assign(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end)
     {
         m_pathname.clear();
         if (begin != end)
         {
             typedef std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source_t;
             source_t source(begin, end);
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
             assign(static_cast< source_t&& >(source));
 #else
             assign(source);
 #endif
         }
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& assign(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end, codecvt_type const&)
     {
         m_pathname.assign(begin, end);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename InputIterator >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type assign(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         m_pathname.clear();
         if (begin != end)
         {
             typedef std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source_t;
             source_t source(begin, end);
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
             assign(static_cast< source_t&& >(source), cvt);
 #else
             assign(source, cvt);
 #endif
         }
         return *this;
     }
 
     //  -----  concatenation  -----
 
     path& operator+=(path const& p);
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type operator+=(Source const& source)
     {
         return concat(source);
     }
 
     path& operator+=(value_type c)
     {
         m_pathname.push_back(c);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename CharT >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_char_type< CharT >::value,
         path&
     >::type operator+=(CharT c)
     {
         CharT tmp[2];
         tmp[0] = c;
         tmp[1] = static_cast< CharT >(0);
         concat_op(*this)(tmp, tmp + 1);
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& concat(path const& p)
     {
         m_pathname.append(p.m_pathname);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type concat(Source const& source)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, concat_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type concat(Source const& source)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, concat_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& concat(path const& p, codecvt_type const&)
     {
         m_pathname.append(p.m_pathname);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type concat(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, concat_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type concat(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, concat_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& concat(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end)
     {
         m_pathname.append(begin, end);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename InputIterator >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type concat(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end)
     {
         if (begin != end)
         {
             std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source(begin, end);
             detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, concat_op(*this));
         }
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& concat(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end, codecvt_type const&)
     {
         m_pathname.append(begin, end);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename InputIterator >
     typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type concat(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         if (begin != end)
         {
             std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source(begin, end);
             detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, concat_op(*this), &cvt);
         }
         return *this;
     }
 
     //  -----  appends  -----
 
     //  if a separator is added, it is the preferred separator for the platform;
     //  slash for POSIX, backslash for Windows
 
     path& operator/=(path const& p);
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type operator/=(Source const& source)
     {
         return append(source);
     }
 
     path& append(path const& p);
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type append(Source const& source)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, append_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type append(Source const& source)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, append_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& append(path const& p, codecvt_type const&);
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         path&
     >::type append(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, append_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type append(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt)
     {
         detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, append_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& append(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end);
 
     template< typename InputIterator >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type append(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end)
     {
         std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source(begin, end);
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, append_op(*this));
         return *this;
     }
 
     path& append(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end, codecvt_type const&);
 
     template< typename InputIterator >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_path_source_iterator< InputIterator >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_native_char_ptr< InputIterator > >
         >::value,
         path&
     >::type append(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end, const codecvt_type& cvt)
     {
         std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits< InputIterator >::value_type > source(begin, end);
         detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, append_op(*this), &cvt);
         return *this;
     }
 
     //  -----  modifiers  -----
 
     void clear() BOOST_NOEXCEPT { m_pathname.clear(); }
 #ifdef BOOST_POSIX_API
     path& make_preferred()
     {
         // No effect on POSIX
         return *this;
     }
 #else // BOOST_WINDOWS_API
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path& make_preferred(); // change slashes to backslashes
 #endif
     path& remove_filename();
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path& remove_filename_and_trailing_separators();
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path& remove_trailing_separator();
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path& replace_filename(path const& replacement);
     path& replace_extension(path const& new_extension = path());
 
     void swap(path& rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { m_pathname.swap(rhs.m_pathname); }
 
     //  -----  observers  -----
 
     //  For operating systems that format file paths differently than directory
     //  paths, return values from observers are formatted as file names unless there
     //  is a trailing separator, in which case returns are formatted as directory
     //  paths. POSIX and Windows make no such distinction.
 
     //  Implementations are permitted to return const values or const references.
 
     //  The string or path returned by an observer are specified as being formatted
     //  as "native" or "generic".
     //
     //  For POSIX, these are all the same format; slashes and backslashes are as input and
     //  are not modified.
     //
     //  For Windows,   native:    as input; slashes and backslashes are not modified;
     //                            this is the format of the internally stored string.
     //                 generic:   backslashes are converted to slashes
 
     //  -----  native format observers  -----
 
     string_type const& native() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT { return m_pathname; }
     const value_type* c_str() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT { return m_pathname.c_str(); }
     string_type::size_type size() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT { return m_pathname.size(); }
 
     template< typename String >
     String string() const;
 
     template< typename String >
     String string(codecvt_type const& cvt) const;
 
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
     std::string string() const
     {
         std::string tmp;
         if (!m_pathname.empty())
             detail::path_traits::convert(m_pathname.data(), m_pathname.data() + m_pathname.size(), tmp);
         return tmp;
     }
     std::string string(codecvt_type const& cvt) const
     {
         std::string tmp;
         if (!m_pathname.empty())
             detail::path_traits::convert(m_pathname.data(), m_pathname.data() + m_pathname.size(), tmp, &cvt);
         return tmp;
     }
 
     //  string_type is std::wstring, so there is no conversion
     std::wstring const& wstring() const { return m_pathname; }
     std::wstring const& wstring(codecvt_type const&) const { return m_pathname; }
 #else // BOOST_POSIX_API
     //  string_type is std::string, so there is no conversion
     std::string const& string() const { return m_pathname; }
     std::string const& string(codecvt_type const&) const { return m_pathname; }
 
     std::wstring wstring() const
     {
         std::wstring tmp;
         if (!m_pathname.empty())
             detail::path_traits::convert(m_pathname.data(), m_pathname.data() + m_pathname.size(), tmp);
         return tmp;
     }
     std::wstring wstring(codecvt_type const& cvt) const
     {
         std::wstring tmp;
         if (!m_pathname.empty())
             detail::path_traits::convert(m_pathname.data(), m_pathname.data() + m_pathname.size(), tmp, &cvt);
         return tmp;
     }
 #endif
 
     //  -----  generic format observers  -----
 
     //  Experimental generic function returning generic formatted path (i.e. separators
     //  are forward slashes). Motivation: simpler than a family of generic_*string
     //  functions.
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path generic_path() const;
 #else
     path generic_path() const;
 #endif
 
     template< typename String >
     String generic_string() const;
 
     template< typename String >
     String generic_string(codecvt_type const& cvt) const;
 
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
     std::string generic_string() const { return generic_path().string(); }
     std::string generic_string(codecvt_type const& cvt) const { return generic_path().string(cvt); }
     std::wstring generic_wstring() const { return generic_path().wstring(); }
     std::wstring generic_wstring(codecvt_type const&) const { return generic_wstring(); }
 #else // BOOST_POSIX_API
     //  On POSIX-like systems, the generic format is the same as the native format
     std::string const& generic_string() const { return m_pathname; }
     std::string const& generic_string(codecvt_type const&) const { return m_pathname; }
     std::wstring generic_wstring() const { return this->wstring(); }
     std::wstring generic_wstring(codecvt_type const& cvt) const { return this->wstring(cvt); }
 #endif
 
     //  -----  compare  -----
 
     int compare(path const& p) const; // generic, lexicographical
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         int
     >::type compare(Source const& source) const
     {
         return detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, compare_op(*this));
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         int
     >::type compare(Source const& source) const
     {
         return detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, compare_op(*this));
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
         int
     >::type compare(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt) const
     {
         return detail::path_traits::dispatch(source, compare_op(*this), &cvt);
     }
 
     template< typename Source >
     BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
         boost::conjunction<
             detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >,
             boost::negation< detail::path_traits::is_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type > >
         >::value,
         int
     >::type compare(Source const& source, codecvt_type const& cvt) const
     {
         return detail::path_traits::dispatch_convertible(source, compare_op(*this), &cvt);
     }
 
     //  -----  decomposition  -----
 
     path root_path() const { return path(m_pathname.c_str(), m_pathname.c_str() + detail::path_algorithms::find_root_path_size(*this)); }
     // returns 0 or 1 element path even on POSIX, root_name() is non-empty() for network paths
     path root_name() const { return path(m_pathname.c_str(), m_pathname.c_str() + detail::path_algorithms::find_root_name_size(*this)); }
 
     // returns 0 or 1 element path
     path root_directory() const
     {
         detail::path_algorithms::substring root_dir = detail::path_algorithms::find_root_directory(*this);
         const value_type* p = m_pathname.c_str() + root_dir.pos;
         return path(p, p + root_dir.size);
     }
 
     path relative_path() const
     {
         detail::path_algorithms::substring rel_path = detail::path_algorithms::find_relative_path(*this);
         const value_type* p = m_pathname.c_str() + rel_path.pos;
         return path(p, p + rel_path.size);
     }
 
     path parent_path() const { return path(m_pathname.c_str(), m_pathname.c_str() + detail::path_algorithms::find_parent_path_size(*this)); }
 
     path filename() const;  // returns 0 or 1 element path
     path stem() const;      // returns 0 or 1 element path
     path extension() const; // returns 0 or 1 element path
 
     //  -----  query  -----
 
     bool empty() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT { return m_pathname.empty(); }
     bool filename_is_dot() const;
     bool filename_is_dot_dot() const;
     bool has_root_path() const { return detail::path_algorithms::find_root_path_size(*this) > 0; }
     bool has_root_name() const { return detail::path_algorithms::find_root_name_size(*this) > 0; }
     bool has_root_directory() const { return detail::path_algorithms::find_root_directory(*this).size > 0; }
     bool has_relative_path() const { return detail::path_algorithms::find_relative_path(*this).size > 0; }
     bool has_parent_path() const { return detail::path_algorithms::find_parent_path_size(*this) > 0; }
     bool has_filename() const;
     bool has_stem() const { return !stem().empty(); }
     bool has_extension() const { return !extension().empty(); }
     bool is_relative() const { return !is_absolute(); }
     bool is_absolute() const
     {
 #if defined(BOOST_WINDOWS_API)
         return has_root_name() && has_root_directory();
 #else
         return has_root_directory();
 #endif
     }
 
     //  -----  lexical operations  -----
 
     path lexically_normal() const;
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path lexically_relative(path const& base) const;
     path lexically_proximate(path const& base) const;
 
     //  -----  iterators  -----
 
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL iterator begin() const;
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL iterator end() const;
     reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
     reverse_iterator rend() const;
 
     //  -----  static member functions  -----
 
     static BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL std::locale imbue(std::locale const& loc);
     static BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL codecvt_type const& codecvt();
 
     //  -----  deprecated functions  -----
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED)
     //  recently deprecated functions supplied by default
     path& normalize();
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::remove_filename() instead")
     path& remove_leaf() { return remove_filename(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::filename() instead")
     path leaf() const { return filename(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::parent_path() instead")
     path branch_path() const { return parent_path(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::generic_path() instead")
     path generic() const { return generic_path(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use !path::empty() instead")
     bool has_leaf() const { return !m_pathname.empty(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::has_parent_path() instead")
     bool has_branch_path() const { return has_parent_path(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::is_absolute() instead")
     bool is_complete() const { return is_absolute(); }
 #endif
 
 #if defined(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATED)
     //  deprecated functions with enough signature or semantic changes that they are
     //  not supplied by default
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::string() instead")
     std::string file_string() const { return string(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::string() instead")
     std::string directory_string() const { return string(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::string() instead")
     std::string native_file_string() const { return string(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::string() instead")
     std::string native_directory_string() const { return string(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::native() instead")
     string_type external_file_string() const { return native(); }
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::native() instead")
     string_type external_directory_string() const { return native(); }
 #endif
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
     //                            class path private members                                //
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 private:
     /*
      * m_pathname has the type, encoding, and format required by the native
      * operating system. Thus for POSIX and Windows there is no conversion for
      * passing m_pathname.c_str() to the O/S API or when obtaining a path from the
      * O/S API. POSIX encoding is unspecified other than for dot and slash
      * characters; POSIX just treats paths as a sequence of bytes. Windows
      * encoding is UCS-2 or UTF-16 depending on the version.
      */
     string_type m_pathname;     // Windows: as input; backslashes NOT converted to slashes,
                                 // slashes NOT converted to backslashes
 };
 
 namespace detail {
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path const& dot_path();
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL path const& dot_dot_path();
 } // namespace detail
 
 #ifndef BOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED
 typedef path wpath;
 #endif
 
 namespace path_detail {
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 //                             class path::iterator                                   //
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 class path_iterator :
     public boost::iterator_facade<
         path_iterator,
         const path,
         boost::bidirectional_traversal_tag
     >
 {
 private:
     friend class boost::iterator_core_access;
     friend class boost::filesystem::path;
     friend class path_reverse_iterator;
     friend struct boost::filesystem::detail::path_algorithms;
 
     path const& dereference() const { return m_element; }
 
     bool equal(path_iterator const& rhs) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         return m_path_ptr == rhs.m_path_ptr && m_pos == rhs.m_pos;
     }
 
     void increment();
     void decrement();
 
 private:
     // current element
     path m_element;
     // path being iterated over
     const path* m_path_ptr;
     // position of m_element in m_path_ptr->m_pathname.
     // if m_element is implicit dot, m_pos is the
     // position of the last separator in the path.
     // end() iterator is indicated by
     // m_pos == m_path_ptr->m_pathname.size()
     path::string_type::size_type m_pos;
 };
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 //                         class path::reverse_iterator                               //
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 class path_reverse_iterator :
     public boost::iterator_facade<
         path_reverse_iterator,
         const path,
         boost::bidirectional_traversal_tag
     >
 {
 public:
     explicit path_reverse_iterator(path_iterator itr) :
         m_itr(itr)
     {
         if (itr != itr.m_path_ptr->begin())
             m_element = *--itr;
     }
 
 private:
     friend class boost::iterator_core_access;
     friend class boost::filesystem::path;
 
     path const& dereference() const { return m_element; }
     bool equal(path_reverse_iterator const& rhs) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT { return m_itr == rhs.m_itr; }
 
     void increment()
     {
         --m_itr;
         if (m_itr != m_itr.m_path_ptr->begin())
         {
             path_iterator tmp = m_itr;
             m_element = *--tmp;
         }
     }
 
     void decrement()
     {
         m_element = *m_itr;
         ++m_itr;
     }
 
 private:
     path_iterator m_itr;
     path m_element;
 };
 
 //  std::lexicographical_compare would infinitely recurse because path iterators
 //  yield paths, so provide a path aware version
 bool lexicographical_compare(path_iterator first1, path_iterator const& last1, path_iterator first2, path_iterator const& last2);
 
 } // namespace path_detail
 
 using path_detail::lexicographical_compare;
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 //                                                                                    //
 //                              non-member functions                                  //
 //                                                                                    //
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool operator==(path const& lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Path, typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator==(Path const& lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Source, typename Path >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator==(Source const& lhs, Path const& rhs)
 {
     return rhs.compare(lhs) == 0;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool operator!=(path const& lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Path, typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator!=(Path const& lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Source, typename Path >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator!=(Source const& lhs, Path const& rhs)
 {
     return rhs.compare(lhs) != 0;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool operator<(path const& lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Path, typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator<(Path const& lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Source, typename Path >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator<(Source const& lhs, Path const& rhs)
 {
     return rhs.compare(lhs) > 0;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool operator<=(path const& lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Path, typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator<=(Path const& lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Source, typename Path >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator<=(Source const& lhs, Path const& rhs)
 {
     return rhs.compare(lhs) >= 0;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool operator>(path const& lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Path, typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator>(Path const& lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Source, typename Path >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator>(Source const& lhs, Path const& rhs)
 {
     return rhs.compare(lhs) < 0;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool operator>=(path const& lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Path, typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator>=(Path const& lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
 }
 
 template< typename Source, typename Path >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::conjunction<
         boost::is_same< Path, path >,
         detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >
     >::value,
     bool
 >::type operator>=(Source const& lhs, Path const& rhs)
 {
     return rhs.compare(lhs) <= 0;
 }
 
 
 // Note: Declared as a template to delay binding to Boost.ContainerHash functions and make the dependency optional
 template< typename Path >
 inline typename boost::enable_if_c<
     boost::is_same< Path, path >::value,
     std::size_t
 >::type hash_value(Path const& p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
 {
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
     std::size_t seed = 0u;
     for (typename Path::value_type const* it = p.c_str(); *it; ++it)
         hash_combine(seed, *it == L'/' ? L'\\' : *it);
     return seed;
 #else // BOOST_POSIX_API
     return hash_range(p.native().begin(), p.native().end());
 #endif
 }
 
 inline void swap(path& lhs, path& rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
 {
     lhs.swap(rhs);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path operator/(path lhs, path const& rhs)
 {
     lhs.append(rhs);
     return lhs;
 }
 
 template< typename Source >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE typename boost::enable_if_c<
     detail::path_traits::is_convertible_to_path_source< typename boost::remove_cv< Source >::type >::value,
     path
 >::type operator/(path lhs, Source const& rhs)
 {
     lhs.append(rhs);
     return lhs;
 }
 
 //  inserters and extractors
 //    use boost::io::quoted() to handle spaces in paths
 //    use '&' as escape character to ease use for Windows paths
 
 template< typename Char, typename Traits >
 inline std::basic_ostream< Char, Traits >&
 operator<<(std::basic_ostream< Char, Traits >& os, path const& p)
 {
     return os << boost::io::quoted(p.template string< std::basic_string< Char > >(), static_cast< Char >('&'));
 }
 
 template< typename Char, typename Traits >
 inline std::basic_istream< Char, Traits >&
 operator>>(std::basic_istream< Char, Traits >& is, path& p)
 {
     std::basic_string< Char > str;
     is >> boost::io::quoted(str, static_cast< Char >('&'));
     p = str;
     return is;
 }
 
 //  name_checks
 
 //  These functions are holdovers from version 1. It isn't clear they have much
 //  usefulness, or how to generalize them for later versions.
 
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL bool portable_posix_name(std::string const& name);
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL bool windows_name(std::string const& name);
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL bool portable_name(std::string const& name);
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL bool portable_directory_name(std::string const& name);
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL bool portable_file_name(std::string const& name);
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DECL bool native(std::string const& name);
 
 namespace detail {
 
 //  For POSIX, is_directory_separator() and is_element_separator() are identical since
 //  a forward slash is the only valid directory separator and also the only valid
 //  element separator. For Windows, forward slash and back slash are the possible
 //  directory separators, but colon (example: "c:foo") is also an element separator.
 inline bool is_directory_separator(path::value_type c) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
 {
     return c == path::separator
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
         || c == path::preferred_separator
 #endif
         ;
 }
 
 inline bool is_element_separator(path::value_type c) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
 {
     return c == path::separator
 #ifdef BOOST_WINDOWS_API
         || c == path::preferred_separator || c == L':'
 #endif
         ;
 }
 
 } // namespace detail
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 //                  class path miscellaneous function implementations                 //
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 namespace detail {
 
 inline bool path_algorithms::has_filename_v3(path const& p)
 {
     return !p.m_pathname.empty();
 }
 
 inline bool path_algorithms::has_filename_v4(path const& p)
 {
     return path_algorithms::find_filename_v4_size(p) > 0;
 }
 
 inline path path_algorithms::filename_v4(path const& p)
 {
     string_type::size_type filename_size = path_algorithms::find_filename_v4_size(p);
     string_type::size_type pos = p.m_pathname.size() - filename_size;
     const value_type* ptr = p.m_pathname.c_str() + pos;
     return path(ptr, ptr + filename_size);
 }
 
 inline path path_algorithms::extension_v4(path const& p)
 {
     string_type::size_type extension_size = path_algorithms::find_extension_v4_size(p);
     string_type::size_type pos = p.m_pathname.size() - extension_size;
     const value_type* ptr = p.m_pathname.c_str() + pos;
     return path(ptr, ptr + extension_size);
 }
 
 inline void path_algorithms::append_v4(path& left, path const& right)
 {
     path_algorithms::append_v4(left, right.m_pathname.c_str(), right.m_pathname.c_str() + right.m_pathname.size());
 }
 
 } // namespace detail
 
 // Note: Because of the range constructor in C++23 std::string_view that involves a check for contiguous_range concept,
 //       any non-template function call that requires a check whether the source argument (which may be fs::path)
 //       is convertible to std::string_view must be made after fs::path::iterator is defined. This includes overload
 //       resolution and SFINAE checks. Otherwise, the concept check result formally changes between fs::path::iterator
 //       is not defined and defined, which causes compilation errors with gcc 11 and later.
 //       https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=106808
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path::compare_op::result_type path::compare_op::operator() (const value_type* source, const value_type* source_end, const codecvt_type*) const
 {
     path src;
     src.m_pathname.assign(source, source_end);
     return m_self.compare(src);
 }
 
 template< typename OtherChar >
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path::compare_op::result_type path::compare_op::operator() (const OtherChar* source, const OtherChar* source_end, const codecvt_type* cvt) const
 {
     path src;
     detail::path_traits::convert(source, source_end, src.m_pathname, cvt);
     return m_self.compare(src);
 }
 
 inline path& path::operator=(path const& p)
 {
     return assign(p);
 }
 
 inline path& path::operator+=(path const& p)
 {
     return concat(p);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::operator/=(path const& p)
 {
     return append(p);
 }
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_WINDOWS_API)
 inline path path::generic_path() const
 {
     return path(*this);
 }
 #endif
 
 inline path path::lexically_proximate(path const& base) const
 {
     path tmp(lexically_relative(base));
     return tmp.empty() ? *this : tmp;
 }
 
 inline path::reverse_iterator path::rbegin() const
 {
     return reverse_iterator(end());
 }
 
 inline path::reverse_iterator path::rend() const
 {
     return reverse_iterator(begin());
 }
 
 inline bool path::filename_is_dot() const
 {
     // implicit dot is tricky, so actually call filename(); see path::filename() example
     // in reference.html
     path p(filename());
     return p.size() == 1 && *p.c_str() == dot;
 }
 
 inline bool path::filename_is_dot_dot() const
 {
     return size() >= 2 && m_pathname[size() - 1] == dot && m_pathname[size() - 2] == dot && (m_pathname.size() == 2 || detail::is_element_separator(m_pathname[size() - 3]));
     // use detail::is_element_separator() rather than detail::is_directory_separator
     // to deal with "c:.." edge case on Windows when ':' acts as a separator
 }
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED)
 
 BOOST_FILESYSTEM_DETAIL_DEPRECATED("Use path::lexically_normal() instead")
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::normalize()
 {
     path tmp(lexically_normal());
     m_pathname.swap(tmp.m_pathname);
     return *this;
 }
 
 #endif // !defined(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED)
 
 // The following functions are defined differently, depending on Boost.Filesystem version in use.
 // To avoid ODR violation, these functions are not defined when the library itself is built.
 // This makes sure they are not compiled when the library is built, and the only version there is
 // is the one in user's code. Users are supposed to consistently use the same Boost.Filesystem version
 // in all their translation units.
 #if !defined(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_SOURCE)
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::append(path const& p)
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::append)(*this, p.m_pathname.data(), p.m_pathname.data() + p.m_pathname.size());
     return *this;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::append(path const& p, codecvt_type const&)
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::append)(*this, p.m_pathname.data(), p.m_pathname.data() + p.m_pathname.size());
     return *this;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::append(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end)
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::append)(*this, begin, end);
     return *this;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::append(const value_type* begin, const value_type* end, codecvt_type const&)
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::append)(*this, begin, end);
     return *this;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::remove_filename()
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::remove_filename)(*this);
     return *this;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path& path::replace_extension(path const& new_extension)
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::replace_extension)(*this, new_extension);
     return *this;
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE int path::compare(path const& p) const
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::compare)(*this, p);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path path::filename() const
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::filename)(*this);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path path::stem() const
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::stem)(*this);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path path::extension() const
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::extension)(*this);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool path::has_filename() const
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::has_filename)(*this);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE path path::lexically_normal() const
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::lexically_normal)(*this);
 }
 
 namespace path_detail {
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE void path_iterator::increment()
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::increment)(*this);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE void path_iterator::decrement()
 {
     BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::decrement)(*this);
 }
 
 BOOST_FORCEINLINE bool lexicographical_compare(path_iterator first1, path_iterator const& last1, path_iterator first2, path_iterator const& last2)
 {
     return BOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSIONED_SYM(detail::path_algorithms::lex_compare)(first1, last1, first2, last2) < 0;
 }
 
 } // namespace path_detail
 
 #endif // !defined(BOOST_FILESYSTEM_SOURCE)
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 //                     class path member template specializations                       //
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 template< >
 inline std::string path::string< std::string >() const
 {
     return string();
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::wstring path::string< std::wstring >() const
 {
     return wstring();
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::string path::string< std::string >(codecvt_type const& cvt) const
 {
     return string(cvt);
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::wstring path::string< std::wstring >(codecvt_type const& cvt) const
 {
     return wstring(cvt);
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::string path::generic_string< std::string >() const
 {
     return generic_string();
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::wstring path::generic_string< std::wstring >() const
 {
     return generic_wstring();
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::string path::generic_string< std::string >(codecvt_type const& cvt) const
 {
     return generic_string(cvt);
 }
 
 template< >
 inline std::wstring path::generic_string< std::wstring >(codecvt_type const& cvt) const
 {
     return generic_wstring(cvt);
 }
 
 } // namespace filesystem
 } // namespace boost
 
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
 #include <boost/filesystem/detail/footer.hpp>
 
 #endif // BOOST_FILESYSTEM_PATH_HPP

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