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0001 // Copyright 2018 - 2023 Ulf Adams
0002 // Copyright 2023 Matt Borland
0003 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
0004 // https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
0005 
0006 #ifndef BOOST_CHARCONV_DETAIL_RYU_RYU_GENERIC_128_HPP
0007 #define BOOST_CHARCONV_DETAIL_RYU_RYU_GENERIC_128_HPP
0008 
0009 #include <boost/charconv/detail/ryu/generic_128.hpp>
0010 #include <boost/charconv/detail/integer_search_trees.hpp>
0011 #include <boost/charconv/detail/config.hpp>
0012 #include <boost/charconv/detail/bit_layouts.hpp>
0013 #include <boost/charconv/to_chars.hpp>
0014 #include <cinttypes>
0015 #include <cstdio>
0016 #include <cstdint>
0017 
0018 #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0019 #  include <iostream>
0020 #endif
0021 
0022 namespace boost { namespace charconv { namespace detail { namespace ryu {
0023 
0024 static constexpr int32_t fd128_exceptional_exponent = 0x7FFFFFFF;
0025 static constexpr unsigned_128_type one = 1;
0026 
0027 struct floating_decimal_128
0028 {
0029     unsigned_128_type mantissa;
0030     int32_t exponent;
0031     bool sign;
0032 };
0033 
0034 #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0035 static char* s(unsigned_128_type v) {
0036   int len = num_digits(v);
0037   char* b = static_cast<char*>(malloc((len + 1) * sizeof(char)));
0038   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
0039     const uint32_t c = static_cast<uint32_t>(v % 10);
0040     v /= 10;
0041     b[len - 1 - i] = static_cast<char>('0' + c);
0042   }
0043   b[len] = 0;
0044   return b;
0045 }
0046 #endif
0047 
0048 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 generic_binary_to_decimal(
0049         const unsigned_128_type bits,
0050         const uint32_t mantissaBits, const uint32_t exponentBits, const bool explicitLeadingBit) noexcept
0051 {
0052     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0053     printf("IN=");
0054     for (int32_t bit = 127; bit >= 0; --bit)
0055     {
0056         printf("%u", static_cast<uint32_t>((bits >> bit) & 1));
0057     }
0058     printf("\n");
0059     #endif
0060 
0061     const uint32_t bias = (1u << (exponentBits - 1)) - 1;
0062     const bool ieeeSign = ((bits >> (mantissaBits + exponentBits)) & 1) != 0;
0063     const unsigned_128_type ieeeMantissa = bits & ((one << mantissaBits) - 1);
0064     const uint32_t ieeeExponent = static_cast<uint32_t>((bits >> mantissaBits) & ((one << exponentBits) - 1u));
0065 
0066     if (ieeeExponent == 0 && ieeeMantissa == 0)
0067     {
0068         struct floating_decimal_128 fd {0, 0, ieeeSign};
0069         return fd;
0070     }
0071     if (ieeeExponent == ((1u << exponentBits) - 1u))
0072     {
0073         struct floating_decimal_128 fd;
0074         fd.mantissa = explicitLeadingBit ? ieeeMantissa & ((one << (mantissaBits - 1)) - 1) : ieeeMantissa;
0075         fd.exponent = fd128_exceptional_exponent;
0076         fd.sign = ieeeSign;
0077         return fd;
0078     }
0079 
0080     int32_t e2;
0081     unsigned_128_type m2;
0082     // We subtract 2 in all cases so that the bounds computation has 2 additional bits.
0083     if (explicitLeadingBit)
0084     {
0085         // mantissaBits includes the explicit leading bit, so we need to correct for that here.
0086         if (ieeeExponent == 0)
0087         {
0088             e2 = static_cast<int32_t>(1 - bias - mantissaBits + 1 - 2);
0089         }
0090         else
0091         {
0092             e2 = static_cast<int32_t>(ieeeExponent - bias - mantissaBits + 1 - 2);
0093         }
0094         m2 = ieeeMantissa;
0095     }
0096     else
0097     {
0098         if (ieeeExponent == 0)
0099         {
0100             e2 = static_cast<int32_t>(1 - bias - mantissaBits - 2);
0101             m2 = ieeeMantissa;
0102         } else
0103         {
0104             e2 = static_cast<int32_t>(ieeeExponent - bias - mantissaBits - 2U);
0105             m2 = (one << mantissaBits) | ieeeMantissa;
0106         }
0107     }
0108     const bool even = (m2 & 1) == 0;
0109     const bool acceptBounds = even;
0110 
0111     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0112     printf("-> %s %s * 2^%d\n", ieeeSign ? "-" : "+", s(m2), e2 + 2);
0113     #endif
0114 
0115     // Step 2: Determine the interval of legal decimal representations.
0116     const unsigned_128_type mv = 4 * m2;
0117     // Implicit bool -> int conversion. True is 1, false is 0.
0118     const uint32_t mmShift =
0119             (ieeeMantissa != (explicitLeadingBit ? one << (mantissaBits - 1) : 0))
0120             || (ieeeExponent == 0);
0121 
0122     // Step 3: Convert to a decimal power base using 128-bit arithmetic.
0123     unsigned_128_type vr;
0124     unsigned_128_type vp;
0125     unsigned_128_type vm;
0126     int32_t e10;
0127     bool vmIsTrailingZeros = false;
0128     bool vrIsTrailingZeros = false;
0129     if (e2 >= 0)
0130     {
0131         // I tried special-casing q == 0, but there was no effect on performance.
0132         // This expression is slightly faster than max(0, log10Pow2(e2) - 1).
0133         const uint32_t q = log10Pow2(e2) - (e2 > 3);
0134         e10 = static_cast<int32_t>(q);
0135         const int32_t k = BOOST_CHARCONV_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT + static_cast<int32_t>(pow5bits(q)) - 1;
0136         const int32_t i = -e2 + static_cast<int32_t>(q) + k;
0137         uint64_t pow5[4];
0138         generic_computeInvPow5(q, pow5);
0139         vr = mulShift(4 * m2, pow5, i);
0140         vp = mulShift(4 * m2 + 2, pow5, i);
0141         vm = mulShift(4 * m2 - 1 - mmShift, pow5, i);
0142 
0143         #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0144         printf("%s * 2^%d / 10^%d\n", s(mv), e2, q);
0145         printf("V+=%s\nV =%s\nV-=%s\n", s(vp), s(vr), s(vm));
0146         #endif
0147 
0148         // floor(log_5(2^128)) = 55, this is very conservative
0149         if (q <= 55)
0150         {
0151             // Only one of mp, mv, and mm can be a multiple of 5, if any.
0152             if (mv % 5 == 0)
0153             {
0154                 vrIsTrailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf5(mv, q - 1);
0155             }
0156             else if (acceptBounds)
0157             {
0158                 // Same as min(e2 + (~mm & 1), pow5Factor(mm)) >= q
0159                 // <=> e2 + (~mm & 1) >= q && pow5Factor(mm) >= q
0160                 // <=> true && pow5Factor(mm) >= q, since e2 >= q.
0161                 vmIsTrailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf5(mv - 1 - mmShift, q);
0162             }
0163             else
0164             {
0165                 // Same as min(e2 + 1, pow5Factor(mp)) >= q.
0166                 vp -= multipleOfPowerOf5(mv + 2, q);
0167             }
0168         }
0169     }
0170     else
0171     {
0172         // This expression is slightly faster than max(0, log10Pow5(-e2) - 1).
0173         const uint32_t q = log10Pow5(-e2) - static_cast<uint32_t>(-e2 > 1);
0174         e10 = static_cast<int32_t>(q) + e2;
0175         const int32_t i = -e2 - static_cast<int32_t>(q);
0176         const int32_t k = static_cast<int32_t>(pow5bits(static_cast<uint32_t>(i))) - BOOST_CHARCONV_POW5_BITCOUNT;
0177         const int32_t j = static_cast<int32_t>(q) - k;
0178         uint64_t pow5[4];
0179         generic_computePow5(static_cast<uint32_t>(i), pow5);
0180         vr = mulShift(4 * m2, pow5, j);
0181         vp = mulShift(4 * m2 + 2, pow5, j);
0182         vm = mulShift(4 * m2 - 1 - mmShift, pow5, j);
0183 
0184         #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0185         printf("%s * 5^%d / 10^%d\n", s(mv), -e2, q);
0186         printf("%d %d %d %d\n", q, i, k, j);
0187         printf("V+=%s\nV =%s\nV-=%s\n", s(vp), s(vr), s(vm));
0188         #endif
0189 
0190         if (q <= 1)
0191         {
0192             // {vr,vp,vm} is trailing zeros if {mv,mp,mm} has at least q trailing 0 bits.
0193             // mv = 4 m2, so it always has at least two trailing 0 bits.
0194             vrIsTrailingZeros = true;
0195             if (acceptBounds)
0196             {
0197                 // mm = mv - 1 - mmShift, so it has 1 trailing 0 bit iff mmShift == 1.
0198                 vmIsTrailingZeros = mmShift == 1;
0199             }
0200             else
0201             {
0202                 // mp = mv + 2, so it always has at least one trailing 0 bit.
0203                 --vp;
0204             }
0205         }
0206         else if (q < 127)
0207         {
0208             // We need to compute min(ntz(mv), pow5Factor(mv) - e2) >= q-1
0209             // <=> ntz(mv) >= q-1  &&  pow5Factor(mv) - e2 >= q-1
0210             // <=> ntz(mv) >= q-1    (e2 is negative and -e2 >= q)
0211             // <=> (mv & ((1 << (q-1)) - 1)) == 0
0212             // We also need to make sure that the left shift does not overflow.
0213             vrIsTrailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf2(mv, q - 1);
0214 
0215             #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0216             printf("vr is trailing zeros=%s\n", vrIsTrailingZeros ? "true" : "false");
0217             #endif
0218         }
0219     }
0220 
0221     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0222     printf("e10=%d\n", e10);
0223     printf("V+=%s\nV =%s\nV-=%s\n", s(vp), s(vr), s(vm));
0224     printf("vm is trailing zeros=%s\n", vmIsTrailingZeros ? "true" : "false");
0225     printf("vr is trailing zeros=%s\n", vrIsTrailingZeros ? "true" : "false");
0226     #endif
0227 
0228     // Step 4: Find the shortest decimal representation in the interval of legal representations.
0229     uint32_t removed = 0;
0230     uint8_t lastRemovedDigit = 0;
0231     unsigned_128_type output;
0232 
0233     while (vp / 10 > vm / 10)
0234     {
0235         vmIsTrailingZeros &= vm % 10 == 0;
0236         vrIsTrailingZeros &= lastRemovedDigit == 0;
0237         lastRemovedDigit = static_cast<uint8_t>(vr % 10);
0238         vr /= 10;
0239         vp /= 10;
0240         vm /= 10;
0241         ++removed;
0242     }
0243 
0244     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0245     printf("V+=%s\nV =%s\nV-=%s\n", s(vp), s(vr), s(vm));
0246     printf("d-10=%s\n", vmIsTrailingZeros ? "true" : "false");
0247     #endif
0248 
0249     if (vmIsTrailingZeros)
0250     {
0251         while (vm % 10 == 0)
0252         {
0253             vrIsTrailingZeros &= lastRemovedDigit == 0;
0254             lastRemovedDigit = static_cast<uint8_t>(vr % 10);
0255             vr /= 10;
0256             vp /= 10;
0257             vm /= 10;
0258             ++removed;
0259         }
0260     }
0261 
0262     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0263     printf("%s %d\n", s(vr), lastRemovedDigit);
0264     printf("vr is trailing zeros=%s\n", vrIsTrailingZeros ? "true" : "false");
0265     #endif
0266 
0267     if (vrIsTrailingZeros && (lastRemovedDigit == 5) && (vr % 2 == 0))
0268     {
0269         // Round even if the exact numbers is .....50..0.
0270         lastRemovedDigit = 4;
0271     }
0272     // We need to take vr+1 if vr is outside bounds, or we need to round up.
0273     output = vr + static_cast<unsigned_128_type>((vr == vm && (!acceptBounds || !vmIsTrailingZeros)) || (lastRemovedDigit >= 5));
0274     const int32_t exp = e10 + static_cast<int32_t>(removed);
0275 
0276     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0277     printf("V+=%s\nV =%s\nV-=%s\n", s(vp), s(vr), s(vm));
0278     printf("O=%s\n", s(output));
0279     printf("EXP=%d\n", exp);
0280     #endif
0281 
0282     return {output, exp, ieeeSign};
0283 }
0284 
0285 static inline int copy_special_str(char* result, const std::ptrdiff_t result_size, const struct floating_decimal_128 fd) noexcept
0286 {
0287     if (fd.sign)
0288     {
0289         *result = '-';
0290         ++result;
0291     }
0292 
0293     if (fd.mantissa)
0294     {
0295         if (fd.sign)
0296         {
0297             if (fd.mantissa == static_cast<unsigned_128_type>(2305843009213693952) ||
0298                 fd.mantissa == static_cast<unsigned_128_type>(6917529027641081856) ||
0299                 fd.mantissa == static_cast<unsigned_128_type>(1) << 110) // 2^110
0300             {
0301                 if (result_size >= 10)
0302                 {
0303                     std::memcpy(result, "nan(snan)", 9);
0304                     return 10;
0305                 }
0306                 else
0307                 {
0308                     return -1;
0309                 }
0310             }
0311             else
0312             {
0313                 if (result_size >= 9)
0314                 {
0315                     std::memcpy(result, "nan(ind)", 8);
0316                     return 9;
0317                 }
0318                 else
0319                 {
0320                     return -1;
0321                 }
0322             }
0323         }
0324         else
0325         {
0326             if (fd.mantissa == static_cast<unsigned_128_type>(2305843009213693952) ||
0327                 fd.mantissa == static_cast<unsigned_128_type>(6917529027641081856) ||
0328                 fd.mantissa == static_cast<unsigned_128_type>(1) << 110) // 2^110
0329             {
0330                 if (result_size >= 9)
0331                 {
0332                     std::memcpy(result, "nan(snan)", 9);
0333                     return 9;
0334                 }
0335                 else
0336                 {
0337                     return -1;
0338                 }
0339             }
0340             else
0341             {
0342                 if (result_size >= 3)
0343                 {
0344                     std::memcpy(result, "nan", 3);
0345                     return 3;
0346                 }
0347                 else
0348                 {
0349                     return -1;
0350                 }
0351             }
0352         }
0353     }
0354 
0355     if (result_size >= 3 + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(fd.sign))
0356     {
0357         memcpy(result, "inf", 3);
0358         return static_cast<int>(fd.sign) + 3;
0359     }
0360 
0361     return -1;
0362 }
0363 
0364 static inline int generic_to_chars_fixed(const struct floating_decimal_128 v, char* result, const ptrdiff_t result_size, int precision) noexcept
0365 {
0366     if (v.exponent == fd128_exceptional_exponent)
0367     {
0368         return copy_special_str(result, result_size, v);
0369     }
0370 
0371     // Step 5: Print the decimal representation.
0372     if (v.sign)
0373     {
0374         *result++ = '-';
0375     }
0376 
0377     unsigned_128_type output = v.mantissa;
0378     const auto r = to_chars_128integer_impl(result, result + result_size, output);
0379     if (r.ec != std::errc())
0380     {
0381         return -static_cast<int>(r.ec);
0382     }
0383 
0384     auto current_len = static_cast<int>(r.ptr - result);
0385 
0386     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0387     char* man_print = s(v.mantissa);
0388     std::cerr << "Exp: " << v.exponent
0389               << "\nMantissa: " << man_print
0390               << "\nMan len: " << current_len << std::endl;
0391     free(man_print);
0392     #endif
0393 
0394     if (v.exponent == 0)
0395     {
0396         // Option 1: We need to do nothing
0397         return current_len + static_cast<int>(v.sign);
0398     }
0399     else if (v.exponent > 0)
0400     {
0401         // Option 2: Append 0s to the end of the number until we get the proper significand value
0402         // Then we need precison worth of zeros after the decimal point as applicable
0403         if (current_len + v.exponent > result_size)
0404         {
0405             return -static_cast<int>(std::errc::value_too_large);
0406         }
0407 
0408         result = r.ptr;
0409         memset(result, '0', static_cast<std::size_t>(v.exponent));
0410         result += static_cast<std::size_t>(v.exponent);
0411         current_len += v.exponent;
0412         *result++ = '.';
0413         ++precision;
0414     }
0415     else if ((-v.exponent) < current_len)
0416     {
0417         // Option 3: Insert a decimal point into the middle of the existing number
0418         if (current_len + v.exponent + 1 > result_size)
0419         {
0420             return -static_cast<int>(std::errc::result_out_of_range);
0421         }
0422 
0423         memmove(result + current_len + v.exponent + 1, result + current_len + v.exponent, static_cast<std::size_t>(-v.exponent));
0424         memcpy(result + current_len + v.exponent, ".", 1U);
0425         ++current_len;
0426         precision -= current_len + v.exponent;
0427         result += current_len + v.exponent + 1;
0428     }
0429     else
0430     {
0431         // Option 4: Leading 0s
0432         if (-v.exponent + 2 > result_size)
0433         {
0434             return -static_cast<int>(std::errc::value_too_large);
0435         }
0436 
0437         memmove(result - v.exponent - current_len + 2, result, static_cast<std::size_t>(current_len));
0438         memcpy(result, "0.", 2U);
0439         memset(result + 2, '0', static_cast<std::size_t>(0 - v.exponent - current_len));
0440         current_len = -v.exponent + 2;
0441         precision -= current_len - 2;
0442         result += current_len;
0443     }
0444 
0445     if (precision > 0)
0446     {
0447         if (current_len + precision > result_size)
0448         {
0449             return -static_cast<int>(std::errc::result_out_of_range);
0450         }
0451 
0452         memset(result, '0', static_cast<std::size_t>(precision));
0453         current_len += precision;
0454     }
0455 
0456     return current_len + static_cast<int>(v.sign);
0457 }
0458 
0459 // Converts the given decimal floating point number to a string, writing to result, and returning
0460 // the number characters written. Does not terminate the buffer with a 0. In the worst case, this
0461 // function can write up to 53 characters.
0462 //
0463 // Maximal char buffer requirement:
0464 // sign + mantissa digits + decimal dot + 'E' + exponent sign + exponent digits
0465 // = 1 + 39 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 10 = 53
0466 static inline int generic_to_chars(const struct floating_decimal_128 v, char* result, const ptrdiff_t result_size, 
0467                                    chars_format fmt = chars_format::general, int precision = -1) noexcept
0468 {
0469     if (v.exponent == fd128_exceptional_exponent)
0470     {
0471         return copy_special_str(result, result_size, v);
0472     }
0473 
0474     unsigned_128_type output = v.mantissa;
0475     const uint32_t olength = static_cast<uint32_t>(num_digits(output));
0476 
0477     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0478     printf("DIGITS=%s\n", s(v.mantissa));
0479     printf("OLEN=%u\n", olength);
0480     printf("EXP=%u\n", v.exponent + olength);
0481     #endif
0482 
0483     // See: https://github.com/cppalliance/charconv/issues/64
0484     if (fmt == chars_format::general)
0485     {
0486         const int64_t exp = v.exponent + static_cast<int64_t>(olength);
0487         if (std::abs(exp) <= olength)
0488         {
0489             return generic_to_chars_fixed(v, result, result_size, precision);
0490         }
0491     }
0492 
0493     // Step 5: Print the decimal representation.
0494     size_t index = 0;
0495     if (v.sign)
0496     {
0497         result[index++] = '-';
0498     }
0499 
0500     if (index + olength > static_cast<size_t>(result_size))
0501     {
0502         return -static_cast<int>(std::errc::value_too_large);
0503     }
0504     else if (olength == 0)
0505     {
0506         return -2; // Something has gone horribly wrong
0507     }
0508 
0509     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < olength - 1; ++i)
0510     {
0511         const auto c = static_cast<uint32_t>(output % 10);
0512         output /= 10;
0513         result[index + olength - i] = static_cast<char>('0' + c);
0514     }
0515     BOOST_CHARCONV_ASSERT(output < 10);
0516     result[index] = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<uint32_t>(output % 10)); // output should be < 10 by now.
0517 
0518     // Print decimal point if needed.
0519     if (olength > 1)
0520     {
0521         result[index + 1] = '.';
0522         index += olength + 1;
0523     }
0524     else
0525     {
0526         ++index;
0527     }
0528 
0529     // Reset the index to where the required precision should be
0530     if (precision != -1)
0531     {
0532         if (static_cast<size_t>(precision) < index)
0533         {
0534             if (fmt != chars_format::scientific)
0535             {
0536                 index = static_cast<size_t>(precision) + 1 + static_cast<size_t>(v.sign); // Precision is number of characters not just the decimal portion
0537             }
0538             else
0539             {
0540                 index = static_cast<size_t>(precision) + 2 + static_cast<size_t>(v.sign); // In scientific format the precision is just the decimal places
0541             }
0542 
0543             // Now we need to see if we need to round
0544             if (result[index] >= '5' && index < olength + 1 + static_cast<size_t>(v.sign))
0545             {
0546                 bool continue_rounding = false;
0547                 auto current_index = index;
0548                 do
0549                 {
0550                     --current_index;
0551                     if (result[current_index] == '9')
0552                     {
0553                         continue_rounding = true;
0554                         result[current_index] = '0';
0555                     }
0556                     else
0557                     {
0558                         continue_rounding = false;
0559                         result[current_index] = static_cast<char>(result[current_index] + static_cast<char>(1));
0560                     }
0561                 } while (continue_rounding && current_index > 2);
0562             }
0563 
0564             // If the last digit is a zero than overwrite that as well, but not in scientific formatting
0565             if (fmt != chars_format::scientific)
0566             {
0567                 while (result[index - 1] == '0')
0568                 {
0569                     --index;
0570                 }
0571             }
0572             else
0573             {
0574                 // In scientific formatting we may need a final 0 to achieve the correct precision
0575                 if (precision + 1 > static_cast<int>(olength))
0576                 {
0577                     result[index - 1] = '0';
0578                 }
0579             }
0580         }
0581         else if (static_cast<size_t>(precision) > index)
0582         {
0583             // Use our fallback routine that will capture more of the precision
0584             return -1;
0585         }
0586     }
0587 
0588     // Print the exponent.
0589     result[index++] = 'e';
0590     int32_t exp = v.exponent + static_cast<int32_t>(olength) - 1;
0591     if (exp < 0)
0592     {
0593         result[index++] = '-';
0594         exp = -exp;
0595     }
0596     else
0597     {
0598         result[index++] = '+';
0599     }
0600 
0601     uint32_t elength = static_cast<uint32_t>(num_digits(exp));
0602     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < elength; ++i)
0603     {
0604         // Always print a minimum of 2 characters in the exponent field
0605         if (elength == 1)
0606         {
0607             result[index + elength - 1 - i] = '0';
0608             ++index;
0609         }
0610 
0611         const uint32_t c = static_cast<uint32_t>(exp % 10);
0612         exp /= 10;
0613         result[index + elength - 1 - i] = static_cast<char>('0' + c);
0614     }
0615     if (elength == 0)
0616     {
0617         result[index++] = '0';
0618         result[index++] = '0';
0619     }
0620     
0621     index += elength;
0622     return static_cast<int>(index);
0623 }
0624 
0625 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 float_to_fd128(float f) noexcept
0626 {
0627     static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), "Float is not 32 bits");
0628     uint32_t bits = 0;
0629     std::memcpy(&bits, &f, sizeof(float));
0630     return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 23, 8, false);
0631 }
0632 
0633 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 double_to_fd128(double d) noexcept
0634 {
0635     static_assert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t), "Double is not 64 bits");
0636     uint64_t bits = 0;
0637     std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(double));
0638     return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 52, 11, false);
0639 }
0640 
0641 // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/floating-point#Fixed_width_floating-point_types
0642 
0643 #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_HAS_FLOAT16
0644 
0645 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 float16_t_to_fd128(std::float16_t f) noexcept
0646 {
0647     uint16_t bits = 0;
0648     std::memcpy(&bits, &f, sizeof(std::float16_t));
0649     return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 10, 5, false);
0650 }
0651 
0652 #endif
0653 
0654 #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_HAS_BRAINFLOAT16
0655 
0656 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 float16_t_to_fd128(std::bfloat16_t f) noexcept
0657 {
0658     uint16_t bits = 0;
0659     std::memcpy(&bits, &f, sizeof(std::bfloat16_t));
0660     return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 7, 8, false);
0661 }
0662 
0663 #endif
0664 
0665 #if BOOST_CHARCONV_LDBL_BITS == 80
0666 
0667 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 long_double_to_fd128(long double d) noexcept
0668 {
0669     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_HAS_INT128
0670     unsigned_128_type bits = 0;
0671     std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(long double));
0672     #else
0673     trivial_uint128 trivial_bits;
0674     std::memcpy(&trivial_bits, &d, sizeof(long double));
0675     unsigned_128_type bits {trivial_bits};
0676     #endif
0677 
0678     #ifdef BOOST_CHARCONV_DEBUG
0679     // For some odd reason, this ends up with noise in the top 48 bits. We can
0680     // clear out those bits with the following line; this is not required, the
0681     // conversion routine should ignore those bits, but the debug output can be
0682     // confusing if they aren't 0s.
0683     bits &= (one << 80) - 1;
0684     #endif
0685 
0686     return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 64, 15, true);
0687 }
0688 
0689 #elif BOOST_CHARCONV_LDBL_BITS == 128
0690 
0691 static inline struct floating_decimal_128 long_double_to_fd128(long double d) noexcept
0692 {
0693     unsigned_128_type bits = 0;
0694     std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(long double));
0695 
0696     #if LDBL_MANT_DIG == 113 // binary128 (e.g. ARM, S390X, PPC64LE)
0697     # ifdef __PPC64__
0698         return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 112, 15, false);
0699     # else
0700         return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 112, 15, true);
0701     # endif
0702     #elif LDBL_MANT_DIG == 106 // ibm128 (e.g. PowerPC)
0703     return generic_binary_to_decimal(bits, 105, 11, true);
0704     #endif
0705 }
0706 
0707 #endif
0708 
0709 }}}} // Namespaces
0710 
0711 #endif //BOOST_RYU_GENERIC_128_HPP