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 //
 // ip/address_v4.hpp
 // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 //
 // Copyright (c) 2003-2025 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
 // file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 //
 
 #ifndef BOOST_ASIO_IP_ADDRESS_V4_HPP
 #define BOOST_ASIO_IP_ADDRESS_V4_HPP
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
 # pragma once
 #endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
 
 #include <boost/asio/detail/config.hpp>
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/array.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/cstdint.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/socket_types.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/string_view.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/winsock_init.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_ASIO_NO_IOSTREAM)
 # include <iosfwd>
 #endif // !defined(BOOST_ASIO_NO_IOSTREAM)
 
 #include <boost/asio/detail/push_options.hpp>
 
 namespace boost {
 namespace asio {
 namespace ip {
 
 /// Implements IP version 4 style addresses.
 /**
  * The boost::asio::ip::address_v4 class provides the ability to use and
  * manipulate IP version 4 addresses.
  *
  * @par Thread Safety
  * @e Distinct @e objects: Safe.@n
  * @e Shared @e objects: Unsafe.
  */
 class address_v4
 {
 public:
   /// The type used to represent an address as an unsigned integer.
   typedef uint_least32_t uint_type;
 
   /// The type used to represent an address as an array of bytes.
   /**
    * @note This type is defined in terms of the C++0x template @c std::array
    * when it is available. Otherwise, it uses @c boost:array.
    */
 #if defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
   typedef array<unsigned char, 4> bytes_type;
 #else
   typedef boost::asio::detail::array<unsigned char, 4> bytes_type;
 #endif
 
   /// Default constructor.
   /**
    * Initialises the @c address_v4 object such that:
    * @li <tt>to_bytes()</tt> yields <tt>{0, 0, 0, 0}</tt>; and
    * @li <tt>to_uint() == 0</tt>.
    */
   address_v4() noexcept
   {
     addr_.s_addr = 0;
   }
 
   /// Construct an address from raw bytes.
   /**
    * Initialises the @c address_v4 object such that <tt>to_bytes() ==
    * bytes</tt>.
    *
    * @throws out_of_range Thrown if any element in @c bytes is not in the range
    * <tt>0 - 0xFF</tt>. Note that no range checking is required for platforms
    * where <tt>std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max()</tt> is <tt>0xFF</tt>.
    */
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL explicit address_v4(const bytes_type& bytes);
 
   /// Construct an address from an unsigned integer in host byte order.
   /**
    * Initialises the @c address_v4 object such that <tt>to_uint() == addr</tt>.
    */
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL explicit address_v4(uint_type addr);
 
   /// Copy constructor.
   address_v4(const address_v4& other) noexcept
     : addr_(other.addr_)
   {
   }
 
   /// Move constructor.
   address_v4(address_v4&& other) noexcept
     : addr_(other.addr_)
   {
   }
 
   /// Assign from another address.
   address_v4& operator=(const address_v4& other) noexcept
   {
     addr_ = other.addr_;
     return *this;
   }
 
   /// Move-assign from another address.
   address_v4& operator=(address_v4&& other) noexcept
   {
     addr_ = other.addr_;
     return *this;
   }
 
   /// Get the address in bytes, in network byte order.
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL bytes_type to_bytes() const noexcept;
 
   /// Get the address as an unsigned integer in host byte order.
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL uint_type to_uint() const noexcept;
 
   /// Get the address as a string in dotted decimal format.
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::string to_string() const;
 
   /// Determine whether the address is a loopback address.
   /**
    * This function tests whether the address is in the address block
    * <tt>127.0.0.0/8</tt>, which corresponds to the address range
    * <tt>127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255</tt>.
    *
    * @returns <tt>(to_uint() & 0xFF000000) == 0x7F000000</tt>.
    */
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL bool is_loopback() const noexcept;
 
   /// Determine whether the address is unspecified.
   /**
    * This function tests whether the address is the unspecified address
    * <tt>0.0.0.0</tt>.
    *
    * @returns <tt>to_uint() == 0</tt>.
    */
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL bool is_unspecified() const noexcept;
 
   /// Determine whether the address is a multicast address.
   /**
    * This function tests whether the address is in the multicast address block
    * <tt>224.0.0.0/4</tt>, which corresponds to the address range
    * <tt>224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255</tt>.
    *
    * @returns <tt>(to_uint() & 0xF0000000) == 0xE0000000</tt>.
    */
   BOOST_ASIO_DECL bool is_multicast() const noexcept;
 
   /// Compare two addresses for equality.
   friend bool operator==(const address_v4& a1,
       const address_v4& a2) noexcept
   {
     return a1.addr_.s_addr == a2.addr_.s_addr;
   }
 
   /// Compare two addresses for inequality.
   friend bool operator!=(const address_v4& a1,
       const address_v4& a2) noexcept
   {
     return a1.addr_.s_addr != a2.addr_.s_addr;
   }
 
   /// Compare addresses for ordering.
   /**
    * Compares two addresses in host byte order.
    *
    * @returns <tt>a1.to_uint() < a2.to_uint()</tt>.
    */
   friend bool operator<(const address_v4& a1,
       const address_v4& a2) noexcept
   {
     return a1.to_uint() < a2.to_uint();
   }
 
   /// Compare addresses for ordering.
   /**
    * Compares two addresses in host byte order.
    *
    * @returns <tt>a1.to_uint() > a2.to_uint()</tt>.
    */
   friend bool operator>(const address_v4& a1,
       const address_v4& a2) noexcept
   {
     return a1.to_uint() > a2.to_uint();
   }
 
   /// Compare addresses for ordering.
   /**
    * Compares two addresses in host byte order.
    *
    * @returns <tt>a1.to_uint() <= a2.to_uint()</tt>.
    */
   friend bool operator<=(const address_v4& a1,
       const address_v4& a2) noexcept
   {
     return a1.to_uint() <= a2.to_uint();
   }
 
   /// Compare addresses for ordering.
   /**
    * Compares two addresses in host byte order.
    *
    * @returns <tt>a1.to_uint() >= a2.to_uint()</tt>.
    */
   friend bool operator>=(const address_v4& a1,
       const address_v4& a2) noexcept
   {
     return a1.to_uint() >= a2.to_uint();
   }
 
   /// Obtain an address object that represents any address.
   /**
    * This functions returns an address that represents the "any" address
    * <tt>0.0.0.0</tt>.
    *
    * @returns A default-constructed @c address_v4 object.
    */
   static address_v4 any() noexcept
   {
     return address_v4();
   }
 
   /// Obtain an address object that represents the loopback address.
   /**
    * This function returns an address that represents the well-known loopback
    * address <tt>127.0.0.1</tt>.
    *
    * @returns <tt>address_v4(0x7F000001)</tt>.
    */
   static address_v4 loopback() noexcept
   {
     return address_v4(0x7F000001);
   }
 
   /// Obtain an address object that represents the broadcast address.
   /**
    * This function returns an address that represents the broadcast address
    * <tt>255.255.255.255</tt>.
    *
    * @returns <tt>address_v4(0xFFFFFFFF)</tt>.
    */
   static address_v4 broadcast() noexcept
   {
     return address_v4(0xFFFFFFFF);
   }
 
 private:
   // The underlying IPv4 address.
   boost::asio::detail::in4_addr_type addr_;
 };
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from raw bytes in network order.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 inline address_v4 make_address_v4(const address_v4::bytes_type& bytes)
 {
   return address_v4(bytes);
 }
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an unsigned integer in host byte order.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 inline address_v4 make_address_v4(address_v4::uint_type addr)
 {
   return address_v4(addr);
 }
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 BOOST_ASIO_DECL address_v4 make_address_v4(const char* str);
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 BOOST_ASIO_DECL address_v4 make_address_v4(const char* str,
     boost::system::error_code& ec) noexcept;
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 BOOST_ASIO_DECL address_v4 make_address_v4(const std::string& str);
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 BOOST_ASIO_DECL address_v4 make_address_v4(const std::string& str,
     boost::system::error_code& ec) noexcept;
 
 #if defined(BOOST_ASIO_HAS_STRING_VIEW) \
   || defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 BOOST_ASIO_DECL address_v4 make_address_v4(string_view str);
 
 /// Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
 /**
  * @relates address_v4
  */
 BOOST_ASIO_DECL address_v4 make_address_v4(string_view str,
     boost::system::error_code& ec) noexcept;
 
 #endif // defined(BOOST_ASIO_HAS_STRING_VIEW)
        //  || defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_ASIO_NO_IOSTREAM)
 
 /// Output an address as a string.
 /**
  * Used to output a human-readable string for a specified address.
  *
  * @param os The output stream to which the string will be written.
  *
  * @param addr The address to be written.
  *
  * @return The output stream.
  *
  * @relates boost::asio::ip::address_v4
  */
 template <typename Elem, typename Traits>
 std::basic_ostream<Elem, Traits>& operator<<(
     std::basic_ostream<Elem, Traits>& os, const address_v4& addr);
 
 #endif // !defined(BOOST_ASIO_NO_IOSTREAM)
 
 } // namespace ip
 } // namespace asio
 } // namespace boost
 
 namespace std {
 
 template <>
 struct hash<boost::asio::ip::address_v4>
 {
   std::size_t operator()(const boost::asio::ip::address_v4& addr)
     const noexcept
   {
     return std::hash<unsigned int>()(addr.to_uint());
   }
 };
 
 } // namespace std
 
 #include <boost/asio/detail/pop_options.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/asio/ip/impl/address_v4.hpp>
 #if defined(BOOST_ASIO_HEADER_ONLY)
 # include <boost/asio/ip/impl/address_v4.ipp>
 #endif // defined(BOOST_ASIO_HEADER_ONLY)
 
 #endif // BOOST_ASIO_IP_ADDRESS_V4_HPP

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