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 //
 // basic_raw_socket.hpp
 // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 //
 // Copyright (c) 2003-2023 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
 // file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 //
 
 #ifndef BOOST_ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_HPP
 #define BOOST_ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_HPP
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
 # pragma once
 #endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
 
 #include <boost/asio/detail/config.hpp>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <boost/asio/basic_socket.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/handler_type_requirements.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/non_const_lvalue.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/throw_error.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/detail/type_traits.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/error.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/asio/detail/push_options.hpp>
 
 namespace boost {
 namespace asio {
 
 #if !defined(BOOST_ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_FWD_DECL)
 #define BOOST_ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_FWD_DECL
 
 // Forward declaration with defaulted arguments.
 template <typename Protocol, typename Executor = any_io_executor>
 class basic_raw_socket;
 
 #endif // !defined(BOOST_ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_FWD_DECL)
 
 /// Provides raw-oriented socket functionality.
 /**
  * The basic_raw_socket class template provides asynchronous and blocking
  * raw-oriented socket functionality.
  *
  * @par Thread Safety
  * @e Distinct @e objects: Safe.@n
  * @e Shared @e objects: Unsafe.
  *
  * Synchronous @c send, @c send_to, @c receive, @c receive_from, @c connect,
  * and @c shutdown operations are thread safe with respect to each other, if
  * the underlying operating system calls are also thread safe. This means that
  * it is permitted to perform concurrent calls to these synchronous operations
  * on a single socket object. Other synchronous operations, such as @c open or
  * @c close, are not thread safe.
  */
 template <typename Protocol, typename Executor>
 class basic_raw_socket
   : public basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>
 {
 private:
   class initiate_async_send;
   class initiate_async_send_to;
   class initiate_async_receive;
   class initiate_async_receive_from;
 
 public:
   /// The type of the executor associated with the object.
   typedef Executor executor_type;
 
   /// Rebinds the socket type to another executor.
   template <typename Executor1>
   struct rebind_executor
   {
     /// The socket type when rebound to the specified executor.
     typedef basic_raw_socket<Protocol, Executor1> other;
   };
 
   /// The native representation of a socket.
 #if defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
   typedef implementation_defined native_handle_type;
 #else
   typedef typename basic_socket<Protocol,
     Executor>::native_handle_type native_handle_type;
 #endif
 
   /// The protocol type.
   typedef Protocol protocol_type;
 
   /// The endpoint type.
   typedef typename Protocol::endpoint endpoint_type;
 
   /// Construct a basic_raw_socket without opening it.
   /**
    * This constructor creates a raw socket without opening it. The open()
    * function must be called before data can be sent or received on the socket.
    *
    * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
    * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
    */
   explicit basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct a basic_raw_socket without opening it.
   /**
    * This constructor creates a raw socket without opening it. The open()
    * function must be called before data can be sent or received on the socket.
    *
    * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
    * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
    * operations performed on the socket.
    */
   template <typename ExecutionContext>
   explicit basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context,
       constraint_t<
         is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
       > = 0)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct and open a basic_raw_socket.
   /**
    * This constructor creates and opens a raw socket.
    *
    * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
    * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
    *
    * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex, const protocol_type& protocol)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, protocol)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct and open a basic_raw_socket.
   /**
    * This constructor creates and opens a raw socket.
    *
    * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
    * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
    * operations performed on the socket.
    *
    * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   template <typename ExecutionContext>
   basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context, const protocol_type& protocol,
       constraint_t<
         is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value,
         defaulted_constraint
       > = defaulted_constraint())
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, protocol)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct a basic_raw_socket, opening it and binding it to the given
   /// local endpoint.
   /**
    * This constructor creates a raw socket and automatically opens it bound
    * to the specified endpoint on the local machine. The protocol used is the
    * protocol associated with the given endpoint.
    *
    * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
    * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
    *
    * @param endpoint An endpoint on the local machine to which the raw
    * socket will be bound.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex, const endpoint_type& endpoint)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, endpoint)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct a basic_raw_socket, opening it and binding it to the given
   /// local endpoint.
   /**
    * This constructor creates a raw socket and automatically opens it bound
    * to the specified endpoint on the local machine. The protocol used is the
    * protocol associated with the given endpoint.
    *
    * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
    * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
    * operations performed on the socket.
    *
    * @param endpoint An endpoint on the local machine to which the raw
    * socket will be bound.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   template <typename ExecutionContext>
   basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context, const endpoint_type& endpoint,
       constraint_t<
         is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
       > = 0)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, endpoint)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct a basic_raw_socket on an existing native socket.
   /**
    * This constructor creates a raw socket object to hold an existing
    * native socket.
    *
    * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
    * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
    *
    * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
    *
    * @param native_socket The new underlying socket implementation.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex,
       const protocol_type& protocol, const native_handle_type& native_socket)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, protocol, native_socket)
   {
   }
 
   /// Construct a basic_raw_socket on an existing native socket.
   /**
    * This constructor creates a raw socket object to hold an existing
    * native socket.
    *
    * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
    * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
    * operations performed on the socket.
    *
    * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
    *
    * @param native_socket The new underlying socket implementation.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   template <typename ExecutionContext>
   basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context,
       const protocol_type& protocol, const native_handle_type& native_socket,
       constraint_t<
         is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
       > = 0)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, protocol, native_socket)
   {
   }
 
   /// Move-construct a basic_raw_socket from another.
   /**
    * This constructor moves a raw socket from one object to another.
    *
    * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
    * will occur.
    *
    * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
    * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
    * constructor.
    */
   basic_raw_socket(basic_raw_socket&& other) noexcept
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(std::move(other))
   {
   }
 
   /// Move-assign a basic_raw_socket from another.
   /**
    * This assignment operator moves a raw socket from one object to another.
    *
    * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
    * will occur.
    *
    * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
    * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
    * constructor.
    */
   basic_raw_socket& operator=(basic_raw_socket&& other)
   {
     basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>::operator=(std::move(other));
     return *this;
   }
 
   /// Move-construct a basic_raw_socket from a socket of another protocol
   /// type.
   /**
    * This constructor moves a raw socket from one object to another.
    *
    * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
    * will occur.
    *
    * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
    * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
    * constructor.
    */
   template <typename Protocol1, typename Executor1>
   basic_raw_socket(basic_raw_socket<Protocol1, Executor1>&& other,
       constraint_t<
         is_convertible<Protocol1, Protocol>::value
           && is_convertible<Executor1, Executor>::value
       > = 0)
     : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(std::move(other))
   {
   }
 
   /// Move-assign a basic_raw_socket from a socket of another protocol type.
   /**
    * This assignment operator moves a raw socket from one object to another.
    *
    * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
    * will occur.
    *
    * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
    * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
    * constructor.
    */
   template <typename Protocol1, typename Executor1>
   constraint_t<
     is_convertible<Protocol1, Protocol>::value
       && is_convertible<Executor1, Executor>::value,
     basic_raw_socket&
   > operator=(basic_raw_socket<Protocol1, Executor1>&& other)
   {
     basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>::operator=(std::move(other));
     return *this;
   }
 
   /// Destroys the socket.
   /**
    * This function destroys the socket, cancelling any outstanding asynchronous
    * operations associated with the socket as if by calling @c cancel.
    */
   ~basic_raw_socket()
   {
   }
 
   /// Send some data on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
    * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One ore more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes sent.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    *
    * @note The send operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
    * the send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw socket.
    *
    * @par Example
    * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
    * @code socket.send(boost::asio::buffer(data, size)); @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
    * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
   std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send");
     return s;
   }
 
   /// Send some data on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
    * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One ore more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes sent.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    *
    * @note The send operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
    * the send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw socket.
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
   std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       socket_base::message_flags flags)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send");
     return s;
   }
 
   /// Send some data on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
    * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
    *
    * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes sent.
    *
    * @note The send operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
    * the send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw socket.
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
   std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       socket_base::message_flags flags, boost::system::error_code& ec)
   {
     return this->impl_.get_service().send(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous send on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously send data on the raw socket. It is
    * an initiating function for an @ref asynchronous_operation, and always
    * returns immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket. Although
    * the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
    * memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that they
    * remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the send completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes sent.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @note The async_send operation can only be used with a connected socket.
    * Use the async_send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw
    * socket.
    *
    * @par Example
    * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
    * @code
    * socket.async_send(boost::asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
    * @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
    * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) WriteToken = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       WriteToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<WriteToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_send>(), token,
           buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0)))
   {
     return async_initiate<WriteToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_send(this), token,
         buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous send on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously send data on the raw socket. It is
    * an initiating function for an @ref asynchronous_operation, and always
    * returns immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket. Although
    * the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
    * memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that they
    * remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the send completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes sent.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @note The async_send operation can only be used with a connected socket.
    * Use the async_send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw
    * socket.
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) WriteToken = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       socket_base::message_flags flags,
       WriteToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<WriteToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_send>(), token, buffers, flags))
   {
     return async_initiate<WriteToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_send(this), token, buffers, flags);
   }
 
   /// Send raw data to the specified endpoint.
   /**
    * This function is used to send raw data to the specified remote endpoint.
    * The function call will block until the data has been sent successfully or
    * an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
    *
    * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes sent.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    *
    * @par Example
    * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
    * @code
    * boost::asio::ip::udp::endpoint destination(
    *     boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("1.2.3.4"), 12345);
    * socket.send_to(boost::asio::buffer(data, size), destination);
    * @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
    * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
   std::size_t send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       const endpoint_type& destination)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send_to(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, destination, 0, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send_to");
     return s;
   }
 
   /// Send raw data to the specified endpoint.
   /**
    * This function is used to send raw data to the specified remote endpoint.
    * The function call will block until the data has been sent successfully or
    * an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
    *
    * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes sent.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
   std::size_t send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       const endpoint_type& destination, socket_base::message_flags flags)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send_to(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, destination, flags, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send_to");
     return s;
   }
 
   /// Send raw data to the specified endpoint.
   /**
    * This function is used to send raw data to the specified remote endpoint.
    * The function call will block until the data has been sent successfully or
    * an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
    *
    * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
    *
    * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes sent.
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
   std::size_t send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       const endpoint_type& destination, socket_base::message_flags flags,
       boost::system::error_code& ec)
   {
     return this->impl_.get_service().send_to(this->impl_.get_implementation(),
         buffers, destination, flags, ec);
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous send.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously send raw data to the specified
    * remote endpoint. It is an initiating function for an @ref
    * asynchronous_operation, and always returns immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
    * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
    * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
    * that they remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
    * Copies will be made of the endpoint as required.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the send completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes sent.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @par Example
    * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
    * @code
    * boost::asio::ip::udp::endpoint destination(
    *     boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("1.2.3.4"), 12345);
    * socket.async_send_to(
    *     boost::asio::buffer(data, size), destination, handler);
    * @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
    * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) WriteToken = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       const endpoint_type& destination,
       WriteToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<WriteToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_send_to>(), token, buffers,
           destination, socket_base::message_flags(0)))
   {
     return async_initiate<WriteToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_send_to(this), token, buffers,
         destination, socket_base::message_flags(0));
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous send.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously send raw data to the specified
    * remote endpoint. It is an initiating function for an @ref
    * asynchronous_operation, and always returns immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
    * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
    * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
    * that they remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
    *
    * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
    * Copies will be made of the endpoint as required.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the send completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes sent.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) WriteToken = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
       const endpoint_type& destination, socket_base::message_flags flags,
       WriteToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<WriteToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_send_to>(), token,
           buffers, destination, flags))
   {
     return async_initiate<WriteToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_send_to(this), token,
         buffers, destination, flags);
   }
 
   /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to receive data on the raw socket. The function
    * call will block until data has been received successfully or an error
    * occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes received.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    *
    * @note The receive operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
    * the receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected raw
    * socket.
    *
    * @par Example
    * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
    * follows:
    * @code socket.receive(boost::asio::buffer(data, size)); @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
    * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
   std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive");
     return s;
   }
 
   /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to receive data on the raw socket. The function
    * call will block until data has been received successfully or an error
    * occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes received.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    *
    * @note The receive operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
    * the receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected raw
    * socket.
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
   std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       socket_base::message_flags flags)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive");
     return s;
   }
 
   /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to receive data on the raw socket. The function
    * call will block until data has been received successfully or an error
    * occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
    *
    * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes received.
    *
    * @note The receive operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
    * the receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected raw
    * socket.
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
   std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       socket_base::message_flags flags, boost::system::error_code& ec)
   {
     return this->impl_.get_service().receive(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous receive on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously receive data from the raw
    * socket. It is an initiating function for an @ref asynchronous_operation,
    * and always returns immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
    * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
    * that they remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the receive completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes received.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @note The async_receive operation can only be used with a connected socket.
    * Use the async_receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected
    * raw socket.
    *
    * @par Example
    * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
    * follows:
    * @code
    * socket.async_receive(boost::asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
    * @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
    * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) ReadToken = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       ReadToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<ReadToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_receive>(), token,
           buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0)))
   {
     return async_initiate<ReadToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_receive(this), token,
         buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous receive on a connected socket.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously receive data from the raw
    * socket. It is an initiating function for an @ref asynchronous_operation,
    * and always returns immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
    * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
    * that they remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the receive completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes received.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @note The async_receive operation can only be used with a connected socket.
    * Use the async_receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected
    * raw socket.
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) ReadToken
           = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       socket_base::message_flags flags,
       ReadToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<ReadToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_receive>(), token, buffers, flags))
   {
     return async_initiate<ReadToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_receive(this), token, buffers, flags);
   }
 
   /// Receive raw data with the endpoint of the sender.
   /**
    * This function is used to receive raw data. The function call will block
    * until data has been received successfully or an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    *
    * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
    * the remote sender of the data.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes received.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    *
    * @par Example
    * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
    * follows:
    * @code
    * boost::asio::ip::udp::endpoint sender_endpoint;
    * socket.receive_from(
    *     boost::asio::buffer(data, size), sender_endpoint);
    * @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
    * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
   std::size_t receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       endpoint_type& sender_endpoint)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive_from(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, sender_endpoint, 0, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive_from");
     return s;
   }
   
   /// Receive raw data with the endpoint of the sender.
   /**
    * This function is used to receive raw data. The function call will block
    * until data has been received successfully or an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    *
    * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
    * the remote sender of the data.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes received.
    *
    * @throws boost::system::system_error Thrown on failure.
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
   std::size_t receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       endpoint_type& sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags flags)
   {
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive_from(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, sender_endpoint, flags, ec);
     boost::asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive_from");
     return s;
   }
   
   /// Receive raw data with the endpoint of the sender.
   /**
    * This function is used to receive raw data. The function call will block
    * until data has been received successfully or an error occurs.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    *
    * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
    * the remote sender of the data.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
    *
    * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
    *
    * @returns The number of bytes received.
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
   std::size_t receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       endpoint_type& sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags flags,
       boost::system::error_code& ec)
   {
     return this->impl_.get_service().receive_from(
         this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, sender_endpoint, flags, ec);
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous receive.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously receive raw data. It is an
    * initiating function for an @ref asynchronous_operation, and always returns
    * immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
    * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
    * that they remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
    * the remote sender of the data. Ownership of the sender_endpoint object
    * is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that it is valid until the
    * completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the receive completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes received.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @par Example
    * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
    * follows:
    * @code socket.async_receive_from(
    *     boost::asio::buffer(data, size), 0, sender_endpoint, handler); @endcode
    * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
    * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
    * std::vector.
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) ReadToken = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       endpoint_type& sender_endpoint,
       ReadToken&& token
         = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<ReadToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_receive_from>(), token, buffers,
           &sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags(0)))
   {
     return async_initiate<ReadToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_receive_from(this), token, buffers,
         &sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags(0));
   }
 
   /// Start an asynchronous receive.
   /**
    * This function is used to asynchronously receive raw data. It is an
    * initiating function for an @ref asynchronous_operation, and always returns
    * immediately.
    *
    * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
    * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
    * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
    * that they remain valid until the completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
    * the remote sender of the data. Ownership of the sender_endpoint object
    * is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that it is valid until the
    * completion handler is called.
    *
    * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
    *
    * @param token The @ref completion_token that will be used to produce a
    * completion handler, which will be called when the receive completes.
    * Potential completion tokens include @ref use_future, @ref use_awaitable,
    * @ref yield_context, or a function object with the correct completion
    * signature. The function signature of the completion handler must be:
    * @code void handler(
    *   const boost::system::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
    *   std::size_t bytes_transferred // Number of bytes received.
    * ); @endcode
    * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
    * not, the completion handler will not be invoked from within this function.
    * On immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
    * manner equivalent to using boost::asio::post().
    *
    * @par Completion Signature
    * @code void(boost::system::error_code, std::size_t) @endcode
    *
    * @par Per-Operation Cancellation
    * On POSIX or Windows operating systems, this asynchronous operation supports
    * cancellation for the following boost::asio::cancellation_type values:
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::terminal
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::partial
    *
    * @li @c cancellation_type::total
    */
   template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
       BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (boost::system::error_code,
         std::size_t)) ReadToken
           = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>>
   auto async_receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
       endpoint_type& sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags flags,
       ReadToken&& token = default_completion_token_t<executor_type>())
     -> decltype(
       async_initiate<ReadToken,
         void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
           declval<initiate_async_receive_from>(), token,
           buffers, &sender_endpoint, flags))
   {
     return async_initiate<ReadToken,
       void (boost::system::error_code, std::size_t)>(
         initiate_async_receive_from(this), token,
         buffers, &sender_endpoint, flags);
   }
 
 private:
   // Disallow copying and assignment.
   basic_raw_socket(const basic_raw_socket&) = delete;
   basic_raw_socket& operator=(const basic_raw_socket&) = delete;
 
   class initiate_async_send
   {
   public:
     typedef Executor executor_type;
 
     explicit initiate_async_send(basic_raw_socket* self)
       : self_(self)
     {
     }
 
     const executor_type& get_executor() const noexcept
     {
       return self_->get_executor();
     }
 
     template <typename WriteHandler, typename ConstBufferSequence>
     void operator()(WriteHandler&& handler,
         const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
         socket_base::message_flags flags) const
     {
       // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
       // does not meet the documented type requirements for a WriteHandler.
       BOOST_ASIO_WRITE_HANDLER_CHECK(WriteHandler, handler) type_check;
 
       detail::non_const_lvalue<WriteHandler> handler2(handler);
       self_->impl_.get_service().async_send(
           self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags,
           handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
     }
 
   private:
     basic_raw_socket* self_;
   };
 
   class initiate_async_send_to
   {
   public:
     typedef Executor executor_type;
 
     explicit initiate_async_send_to(basic_raw_socket* self)
       : self_(self)
     {
     }
 
     const executor_type& get_executor() const noexcept
     {
       return self_->get_executor();
     }
 
     template <typename WriteHandler, typename ConstBufferSequence>
     void operator()(WriteHandler&& handler,
         const ConstBufferSequence& buffers, const endpoint_type& destination,
         socket_base::message_flags flags) const
     {
       // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
       // does not meet the documented type requirements for a WriteHandler.
       BOOST_ASIO_WRITE_HANDLER_CHECK(WriteHandler, handler) type_check;
 
       detail::non_const_lvalue<WriteHandler> handler2(handler);
       self_->impl_.get_service().async_send_to(
           self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, destination,
           flags, handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
     }
 
   private:
     basic_raw_socket* self_;
   };
 
   class initiate_async_receive
   {
   public:
     typedef Executor executor_type;
 
     explicit initiate_async_receive(basic_raw_socket* self)
       : self_(self)
     {
     }
 
     const executor_type& get_executor() const noexcept
     {
       return self_->get_executor();
     }
 
     template <typename ReadHandler, typename MutableBufferSequence>
     void operator()(ReadHandler&& handler,
         const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
         socket_base::message_flags flags) const
     {
       // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
       // does not meet the documented type requirements for a ReadHandler.
       BOOST_ASIO_READ_HANDLER_CHECK(ReadHandler, handler) type_check;
 
       detail::non_const_lvalue<ReadHandler> handler2(handler);
       self_->impl_.get_service().async_receive(
           self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags,
           handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
     }
 
   private:
     basic_raw_socket* self_;
   };
 
   class initiate_async_receive_from
   {
   public:
     typedef Executor executor_type;
 
     explicit initiate_async_receive_from(basic_raw_socket* self)
       : self_(self)
     {
     }
 
     const executor_type& get_executor() const noexcept
     {
       return self_->get_executor();
     }
 
     template <typename ReadHandler, typename MutableBufferSequence>
     void operator()(ReadHandler&& handler,
         const MutableBufferSequence& buffers, endpoint_type* sender_endpoint,
         socket_base::message_flags flags) const
     {
       // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
       // does not meet the documented type requirements for a ReadHandler.
       BOOST_ASIO_READ_HANDLER_CHECK(ReadHandler, handler) type_check;
 
       detail::non_const_lvalue<ReadHandler> handler2(handler);
       self_->impl_.get_service().async_receive_from(
           self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, *sender_endpoint,
           flags, handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
     }
 
   private:
     basic_raw_socket* self_;
   };
 };
 
 } // namespace asio
 } // namespace boost
 
 #include <boost/asio/detail/pop_options.hpp>
 
 #endif // BOOST_ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_HPP

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