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0001 //
0002 // Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
0003 //
0004 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
0005 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
0006 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
0007 //
0008 //      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
0009 //
0010 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
0011 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
0012 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
0013 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
0014 // limitations under the License.
0015 //
0016 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0017 // File: str_replace.h
0018 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0019 //
0020 // This file defines `absl::StrReplaceAll()`, a general-purpose string
0021 // replacement function designed for large, arbitrary text substitutions,
0022 // especially on strings which you are receiving from some other system for
0023 // further processing (e.g. processing regular expressions, escaping HTML
0024 // entities, etc.). `StrReplaceAll` is designed to be efficient even when only
0025 // one substitution is being performed, or when substitution is rare.
0026 //
0027 // If the string being modified is known at compile-time, and the substitutions
0028 // vary, `absl::Substitute()` may be a better choice.
0029 //
0030 // Example:
0031 //
0032 // std::string html_escaped = absl::StrReplaceAll(user_input, {
0033 //                                                {"&", "&"},
0034 //                                                {"<", "&lt;"},
0035 //                                                {">", "&gt;"},
0036 //                                                {"\"", "&quot;"},
0037 //                                                {"'", "&#39;"}});
0038 #ifndef ABSL_STRINGS_STR_REPLACE_H_
0039 #define ABSL_STRINGS_STR_REPLACE_H_
0040 
0041 #include <string>
0042 #include <utility>
0043 #include <vector>
0044 
0045 #include "absl/base/attributes.h"
0046 #include "absl/base/nullability.h"
0047 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
0048 
0049 namespace absl {
0050 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
0051 
0052 // StrReplaceAll()
0053 //
0054 // Replaces character sequences within a given string with replacements provided
0055 // within an initializer list of key/value pairs. Candidate replacements are
0056 // considered in order as they occur within the string, with earlier matches
0057 // taking precedence, and longer matches taking precedence for candidates
0058 // starting at the same position in the string. Once a substitution is made, the
0059 // replaced text is not considered for any further substitutions.
0060 //
0061 // Example:
0062 //
0063 //   std::string s = absl::StrReplaceAll(
0064 //       "$who bought $count #Noun. Thanks $who!",
0065 //       {{"$count", absl::StrCat(5)},
0066 //        {"$who", "Bob"},
0067 //        {"#Noun", "Apples"}});
0068 //   EXPECT_EQ("Bob bought 5 Apples. Thanks Bob!", s);
0069 ABSL_MUST_USE_RESULT std::string StrReplaceAll(
0070     absl::string_view s,
0071     std::initializer_list<std::pair<absl::string_view, absl::string_view>>
0072         replacements);
0073 
0074 // Overload of `StrReplaceAll()` to accept a container of key/value replacement
0075 // pairs (typically either an associative map or a `std::vector` of `std::pair`
0076 // elements). A vector of pairs is generally more efficient.
0077 //
0078 // Examples:
0079 //
0080 //   std::map<const absl::string_view, const absl::string_view> replacements;
0081 //   replacements["$who"] = "Bob";
0082 //   replacements["$count"] = "5";
0083 //   replacements["#Noun"] = "Apples";
0084 //   std::string s = absl::StrReplaceAll(
0085 //       "$who bought $count #Noun. Thanks $who!",
0086 //       replacements);
0087 //   EXPECT_EQ("Bob bought 5 Apples. Thanks Bob!", s);
0088 //
0089 //   // A std::vector of std::pair elements can be more efficient.
0090 //   std::vector<std::pair<const absl::string_view, std::string>> replacements;
0091 //   replacements.push_back({"&", "&amp;"});
0092 //   replacements.push_back({"<", "&lt;"});
0093 //   replacements.push_back({">", "&gt;"});
0094 //   std::string s = absl::StrReplaceAll("if (ptr < &foo)",
0095 //                                  replacements);
0096 //   EXPECT_EQ("if (ptr &lt; &amp;foo)", s);
0097 template <typename StrToStrMapping>
0098 std::string StrReplaceAll(absl::string_view s,
0099                           const StrToStrMapping& replacements);
0100 
0101 // Overload of `StrReplaceAll()` to replace character sequences within a given
0102 // output string *in place* with replacements provided within an initializer
0103 // list of key/value pairs, returning the number of substitutions that occurred.
0104 //
0105 // Example:
0106 //
0107 //   std::string s = std::string("$who bought $count #Noun. Thanks $who!");
0108 //   int count;
0109 //   count = absl::StrReplaceAll({{"$count", absl::StrCat(5)},
0110 //                               {"$who", "Bob"},
0111 //                               {"#Noun", "Apples"}}, &s);
0112 //  EXPECT_EQ(count, 4);
0113 //  EXPECT_EQ("Bob bought 5 Apples. Thanks Bob!", s);
0114 int StrReplaceAll(
0115     std::initializer_list<std::pair<absl::string_view, absl::string_view>>
0116         replacements,
0117     absl::Nonnull<std::string*> target);
0118 
0119 // Overload of `StrReplaceAll()` to replace patterns within a given output
0120 // string *in place* with replacements provided within a container of key/value
0121 // pairs.
0122 //
0123 // Example:
0124 //
0125 //   std::string s = std::string("if (ptr < &foo)");
0126 //   int count = absl::StrReplaceAll({{"&", "&amp;"},
0127 //                                    {"<", "&lt;"},
0128 //                                    {">", "&gt;"}}, &s);
0129 //  EXPECT_EQ(count, 2);
0130 //  EXPECT_EQ("if (ptr &lt; &amp;foo)", s);
0131 template <typename StrToStrMapping>
0132 int StrReplaceAll(const StrToStrMapping& replacements,
0133                   absl::Nonnull<std::string*> target);
0134 
0135 // Implementation details only, past this point.
0136 namespace strings_internal {
0137 
0138 struct ViableSubstitution {
0139   absl::string_view old;
0140   absl::string_view replacement;
0141   size_t offset;
0142 
0143   ViableSubstitution(absl::string_view old_str,
0144                      absl::string_view replacement_str, size_t offset_val)
0145       : old(old_str), replacement(replacement_str), offset(offset_val) {}
0146 
0147   // One substitution occurs "before" another (takes priority) if either
0148   // it has the lowest offset, or it has the same offset but a larger size.
0149   bool OccursBefore(const ViableSubstitution& y) const {
0150     if (offset != y.offset) return offset < y.offset;
0151     return old.size() > y.old.size();
0152   }
0153 };
0154 
0155 // Build a vector of ViableSubstitutions based on the given list of
0156 // replacements. subs can be implemented as a priority_queue. However, it turns
0157 // out that most callers have small enough a list of substitutions that the
0158 // overhead of such a queue isn't worth it.
0159 template <typename StrToStrMapping>
0160 std::vector<ViableSubstitution> FindSubstitutions(
0161     absl::string_view s, const StrToStrMapping& replacements) {
0162   std::vector<ViableSubstitution> subs;
0163   subs.reserve(replacements.size());
0164 
0165   for (const auto& rep : replacements) {
0166     using std::get;
0167     absl::string_view old(get<0>(rep));
0168 
0169     size_t pos = s.find(old);
0170     if (pos == s.npos) continue;
0171 
0172     // Ignore attempts to replace "". This condition is almost never true,
0173     // but above condition is frequently true. That's why we test for this
0174     // now and not before.
0175     if (old.empty()) continue;
0176 
0177     subs.emplace_back(old, get<1>(rep), pos);
0178 
0179     // Insertion sort to ensure the last ViableSubstitution comes before
0180     // all the others.
0181     size_t index = subs.size();
0182     while (--index && subs[index - 1].OccursBefore(subs[index])) {
0183       std::swap(subs[index], subs[index - 1]);
0184     }
0185   }
0186   return subs;
0187 }
0188 
0189 int ApplySubstitutions(absl::string_view s,
0190                        absl::Nonnull<std::vector<ViableSubstitution>*> subs_ptr,
0191                        absl::Nonnull<std::string*> result_ptr);
0192 
0193 }  // namespace strings_internal
0194 
0195 template <typename StrToStrMapping>
0196 std::string StrReplaceAll(absl::string_view s,
0197                           const StrToStrMapping& replacements) {
0198   auto subs = strings_internal::FindSubstitutions(s, replacements);
0199   std::string result;
0200   result.reserve(s.size());
0201   strings_internal::ApplySubstitutions(s, &subs, &result);
0202   return result;
0203 }
0204 
0205 template <typename StrToStrMapping>
0206 int StrReplaceAll(const StrToStrMapping& replacements,
0207                   absl::Nonnull<std::string*> target) {
0208   auto subs = strings_internal::FindSubstitutions(*target, replacements);
0209   if (subs.empty()) return 0;
0210 
0211   std::string result;
0212   result.reserve(target->size());
0213   int substitutions =
0214       strings_internal::ApplySubstitutions(*target, &subs, &result);
0215   target->swap(result);
0216   return substitutions;
0217 }
0218 
0219 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
0220 }  // namespace absl
0221 
0222 #endif  // ABSL_STRINGS_STR_REPLACE_H_