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 //
 // ********************************************************************
 // * License and Disclaimer                                           *
 // *                                                                  *
 // * The  Geant4 software  is  copyright of the Copyright Holders  of *
 // * the Geant4 Collaboration.  It is provided  under  the terms  and *
 // * conditions of the Geant4 Software License,  included in the file *
 // * LICENSE and available at  http://cern.ch/geant4/license .  These *
 // * include a list of copyright holders.                             *
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 // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
 // * work  make  any representation or  warranty, express or implied, *
 // * regarding  this  software system or assume any liability for its *
 // * use.  Please see the license in the file  LICENSE  and URL above *
 // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability.         *
 // *                                                                  *
 // * This  code  implementation is the result of  the  scientific and *
 // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration.                      *
 // * By using,  copying,  modifying or  distributing the software (or *
 // * any work based  on the software)  you  agree  to acknowledge its *
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 // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license.          *
 // ********************************************************************
 //
 // G4ThreadLocalSingleton
 //
 // Class description:
 //
 // This class implements a thread-private "singleton". Being thread
 // private the singleton is not a singleton in the term, but a different
 // instance exists for each thread.
 // This class is a wrapper around the real object that we need to
 // make singleton.
 //
 // Limitation:
 //   The object that is made thread-private singleton should not
 //   contain any thread-local data member. Note that in general,
 //   if an object is to be thread-private it is unnecessary to mark
 //   any data-member as G4ThreadLocal.
 //
 // Performance issues:
 //   This class uses locks and mutexes.
 //
 // Example:
 //   This is the singleton pattern often found in Geant4 (sequential):
 //   class G4Class
 //   {
 //     private:
 //       static G4Class* instance;
 //        G4Class() { ... }
 //     public:
 //       static G4Class* GetInstance()
 //       {
 //         static G4Class theInstance;
 //         if ( instance == nullptr ) instance = &theInstance;
 //         return instance;
 //       }
 //   };
 //   This is transformed to the following to implement a thread-local
 //   singleton:
 //   class G4Class
 //   {
 //     private:
 //       static G4ThreadLocal G4Class* instance;
 //       G4Class() { ... }
 //     public:
 //       static G4Class* GetInstance()
 //       {
 //         if ( instance == nullptr ) instance = new G4Class;
 //           return instance;
 //       }
 //   };
 //   Note that this class also has a memory leak.
 //
 //   This class can be used as follows:
 //   class G4Class
 //   {
 //     friend class G4ThreadLocalSingleton<G4Class>;
 //     private:
 //       G4Class() { ... }
 //     public:
 //       static G4Class* GetInstance()
 //       {
 //         static G4ThreadLocalSingleton<G4Class> instance;
 //         return instance.Instance();
 //       }
 //   };
 //   Each thread has its own instance of G4Class.
 //   Deletion of G4Class instances is done at end of program.
 //   Note the "friend" statement.
 
 // Author: A.Dotti, 28 October 2013
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 #ifndef G4TLSSINGLETON_HH
 #define G4TLSSINGLETON_HH 1
 
 #include "G4AutoLock.hh"
 #include "G4Cache.hh"
 #include "G4Backtrace.hh"
 #include "G4Threading.hh"
 
 #include <list>
 #include <vector>
 #include <functional>
 
 // Forward declaration. See G4AutoDelete.hh
 //
 namespace G4AutoDelete
 {
   template <class T>
   void Register(T*);
 }
 
 template <class T>
 class G4ThreadLocalSingleton;
 
 // this explicit specialization holds all the callbacks
 // to explicitly invoke the auto-deletion
 template <>
 class G4ThreadLocalSingleton<void>
 {
  private:
   using fvector_t = std::vector<std::function<void()>>;
 
   template <class T>
   friend class G4ThreadLocalSingleton;
 
   static fvector_t& GetCallbacks();
   static G4Mutex& GetMutex();
 
  public:
   static void Clear();
 
   template <typename FuncT>
   static typename fvector_t::iterator Insert(FuncT&& _func)
   {
     G4AutoLock _lk{ GetMutex() };
     return GetCallbacks().emplace(GetCallbacks().end(),
                                   std::forward<FuncT>(_func));
   }
 };
 
 template <class T>
 class G4ThreadLocalSingleton : private G4Cache<T*>
 {
   friend void G4AutoDelete::Register<T>(T*);
 
  public:
   G4ThreadLocalSingleton();
   // Creates thread-local singleton manager
 
   ~G4ThreadLocalSingleton() override;
 
   G4ThreadLocalSingleton(const G4ThreadLocalSingleton&) = delete;
   G4ThreadLocalSingleton(G4ThreadLocalSingleton&&)      = default;
 
   G4ThreadLocalSingleton& operator=(const G4ThreadLocalSingleton&) = delete;
   G4ThreadLocalSingleton& operator=(G4ThreadLocalSingleton&&) = default;
 
   T* Instance() const;
   // Returns a pointer to a thread-private instance of T
 
  private:
   void Register(T* i) const;
 
   void Clear();
 
   mutable std::list<T*> instances;
   mutable G4Mutex listm;
 };
 
 //=============================================================
 // Inline methods implementation
 //=============================================================
 
 template <class T>
 G4ThreadLocalSingleton<T>::G4ThreadLocalSingleton()
   : G4Cache<T*>()
 {
   G4MUTEXINIT(listm);
   G4Cache<T*>::Put(nullptr);
   // Uncomment below to find the origin of where instantiation happened
   /*
   auto bt = G4Backtrace::GetDemangled<4, 1>(
     [](const char* cstr) { return std::string{ cstr }; });
   std::cout << "Backtrace to G4ThreadLocalSingleton<"
             << G4Demangle<T>().c_str() << ">:\n";
   for(auto& itr : bt)
   {
     if(!itr.empty())
       std::cout << "\t" << itr << "\n";
   }
   */
   G4ThreadLocalSingleton<void>::Insert([&]() {
     // printf("Deleting G4ThreadLocalSingletons for type %s ...\n",
     //       G4Demangle<T>().c_str());
     this->Clear();
   });
 }
 
 template <class T>
 G4ThreadLocalSingleton<T>::~G4ThreadLocalSingleton()
 {
   Clear();
   G4MUTEXDESTROY(listm);
 }
 
 template <class T>
 T* G4ThreadLocalSingleton<T>::Instance() const
 {
   T* instance = G4Cache<T*>::Get();
   if(instance == static_cast<T*>(0))
   {
     instance = new T;
     G4Cache<T*>::Put(instance);
     Register(instance);
   }
   return instance;
 }
 
 template <class T>
 void G4ThreadLocalSingleton<T>::Register(T* i) const
 {
   G4AutoLock l(&listm);
   instances.push_back(i);
 }
 
 template <class T>
 void G4ThreadLocalSingleton<T>::Clear()
 {
   if(instances.empty())
     return;
   G4AutoLock l(&listm);
   while(!instances.empty())
   {
     T* thisinst = instances.front();
     instances.pop_front();
     delete thisinst;
   }
 }
 
 #endif

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