Warning, /geant4/examples/extended/radioactivedecay/rdecay02/README is written in an unsupported language. File is not indexed.
0001
0002 =========================================================
0003 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
0004 =========================================================
0005
0006 rdecay02
0007 --------
0008
0009 Rdecay02 is created to show how to use the G4RadioactiveDecay process to
0010 simulate the decays of radioactive isotopes as well as the induced
0011 radioactivity resulted from nuclear interactions.
0012
0013 In this example a simple geometry consists of a cylindric target placed
0014 in the centre of a tube detector. Various primary event generation and
0015 tallying options are available.
0016
0017 1. GEOMETRY
0018
0019 The world is filled with "Air" and there are two components in it:
0020
0021 - Target: A cylinder placed at the origin along the z-axis. The default
0022 size of the cylinder is 0.5 cm radius and 1 cm length, and its default
0023 material is "CsI".
0024
0025 - Detector: A tube centered at the origin along the z-axis, with inner
0026 radius matching the radius of the target. The default thickness of the
0027 tube is 2 cm and it is 5 cm long. The default material is "Germanium".
0028
0029 The user can change the target/detector size and material, using the
0030 commands in the directory /rdecay02/det
0031
0032 2. PHYSICS
0033
0034 The following physics processes are included by default:
0035
0036 - Standard electromagnetic
0037 - Decay
0038 - Radioactive Decay
0039 By default radioactive decay is applied through out the geometry.
0040 The user can limit it to just the target by commands :
0041 /process/had/rdm/noVolumes
0042 /process/had/rdm/selectVolume Target
0043
0044 - Hadronic processes
0045
0046 3. AN EVENT: THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
0047
0048 The primary kinematic is a single particle or ion shooted at the
0049 centre of the target. The type of the particle and its energy are set in
0050 PrimaryGeneratorAction, and can be changed via the G4 build-in commands of
0051 ParticleGun class (see the macros provided with this example).
0052 Default is Ne24, at rest.
0053
0054 4. DETECTOR RESPONSE
0055
0056 The relevant informations are collected in TrackingAction or
0057 SteppingAction. These include:
0058
0059 - Emission particles in the RadioactiveDecay process:
0060 particle PDGcode,
0061 particle kinetic energy,
0062 particle creation time,
0063 particle weight.
0064
0065 Note: the residual nuclei is not considered as an emitted particle.
0066
0067 - Radio-Isotopes. All the radioactive isotopes produced in the simulation:
0068 isotope PDGcode,
0069 isotope creation time,
0070 isotope weight.
0071
0072 - Energy depositions in the target and detector by prodicts of the
0073 RadioactiveDecay process:
0074 energy depostion (positive value for target and negative for detector),
0075 time,
0076 weight.
0077
0078
0079 5. HISTOGRAMS
0080
0081 The test contains 7 built-in 1D histograms, which are managed by
0082 G4AnalysisManager and its Messenger. The histos can be individually
0083 activated with the command :
0084 /analysis/h1/set id nbBins valMin valMax unit
0085 where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, etc..)
0086 (see the macros xxxx.mac).
0087
0088 histogram 0: The Pulse Height Spectrum (PHS) of the target.
0089 histogram 1: The PHS of the detector.
0090 histogram 2: The combined PHS of the target and detector.
0091 histogram 3: The anti-coincidece PHS of the target.
0092 histogram 4: The anti-coincidece PHS of the detector.
0093 histogram 5: The coincidece PHS between the target and detector.
0094 histogram 6: The emitted particle energy spectrum.
0095
0096 It is assumed the detector and target pulses both have an integration time
0097 of 1 microsecond, and the gate is 2 microsecond for the coincidence spectrum.
0098 The target and detctor have a threshold of 10 keV in the anti-/coincidence
0099 modes.
0100
0101 Initially, all histograms but histogram 6 are inactive. They can all be turned on
0102 with the command
0103
0104 /analysis/h1/setActivationToAll true
0105
0106 or specific histograms can be turned on with the command
0107
0108 /analysis/h1/setActivation i true
0109
0110 where i is the histogram index (0,... n).
0111 To turn off, set the final argument to false
0112
0113
0114 HistoManager includes also 4 ntuples whose contents are described in the above paragraphe
0115 (detector response)
0116 The ntuples can be activated with the command /analysis/ntuple/setActivation
0117
0118 One can control the name of the analysis file with the command:
0119 /analysis/setFileName name (default rdecay02)
0120
0121 It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
0122 xml, csv, by using namespace in HistoManager.hh
0123
0124 It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
0125 /analysis/h1/setAscii id
0126 All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default rdecay02)
0127
0128 6. VISUALIZATION
0129
0130 The Visualization Manager is set in the main().
0131 The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
0132 /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. To get visualisation:
0133 > /control/execute vis.mac
0134
0135 The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.
0136
0137 gamma green
0138 neutron yellow
0139 negative particles (e-, ...) red
0140 positive particles (e+, ions, ...) blue
0141
0142 7. HOW TO START ?
0143
0144 Execute rdecay02 in 'batch' mode from macro files :
0145 % rdecay02 run.mac
0146
0147 Execute rdecay02 in 'interactive mode' with visualization :
0148 % rdecay02
0149 Idle> control/execute debug.mac
0150 ....
0151 Idle> type your commands
0152 ....
0153 Idle> exit
0154
0155 run.mac : decay of Ne24. A run of 1000 events
0156 debug.mac: interactively. One Ne24 decay,
0157 with visualization and tracking/verbose
0158
0159 8. FURTHER EXAMPLES
0160
0161 There are a number of macros files in the ./macros subdirectory, to show
0162 the features of the G4RadioactiveDecay process. Most of them will lead to
0163 the creation of an root file in the same name of the macro file.
0164
0165 u238c.mac: shows the decays of the U238 chain in analogue MC mode.
0166
0167 th234c-b.mac: shows the decays of Th234 in variance reduction MC mode.
0168 All its secondaies in along the decay chains are generated. The default
0169 source profile and decay biasing schemes are used to determine the decay
0170 times and weights of the secondaries.
0171
0172 proton.mac: simulation of 1 GeV protons incident on a lead target.
0173 The decays of the radio-siotopes created in the proton-lead interactions
0174 are simulated with RadioactiveDecay in analogue MC mode.
0175
0176 proton-beam.mac: same as proton.mac, but the decays of the radio-siotopes
0177 created in the proton-lead interactions are simulated with
0178 RadioactiveDecay in variance reduction MC mode. The isotopes and those
0179 along the decay chains are forced to decay in the time windows specified
0180 by the user in file measures.data, and the weights of the decay products
0181 are determined by the beam profile as defined in the beam.data file and
0182 their decay times.
0183
0184 neutron.mac: macrofile to show the incident of low energy neutrons on an
0185 user specified NaI target and the decays of the induced radio-isotopes.
0186
0187 ne24.mac: this shows the decays of Ne-24 to Na-24 in variance reduction MC
0188 mode. Further decays of Na-24 are not simulated by applying the
0189 nucleuslimits in RadioactiveDecay. Two runs are carried out.
0190 One with the bracjing ratio biasing applied and one without.
0191
0192 isotopes.mac: to show the decays of a number of different isotopes in a
0193 single macro file.
0194
0195 f24.mac: to show the different treatments one can apply to the decays of F24.
0196 i) the complete decay chain from F24 to Mg24, in analogue mode;
0197 ii) the complete chain, but in variance reduction mode;
0198 iii) restrict to the decay of F24 only in analogue mode; iv) restrict to
0199 the decay of F24 only but in variance reduction mode.
0200
0201 as74.mac: The decays of As74 which has a rather complicated decay scheme.
0202 i) in analogue MC mode;
0203 ii) in variance reduction MC mode.
0204
0205 UserRadDataPb210Test.mac: show how the user can define its own radioactive
0206 decay datafile
0207
0208 UserEvapDataBiTest.mac: show how the user can define its own
0209 photo-evaporation datafile
0210
0211 No252.mac: show how to simulate Radoactive decay for nuclei with Z>100
0212 based on user datafile
