wls/src/WLSMaterials.cc

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0026 /// \file WLSMaterials.cc
0027 /// \brief Implementation of the WLSMaterials class
0028
0029 #include "WLSMaterials.hh"
0030
0031 #include "G4NistManager.hh"
0032 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
0033
0034 WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::fInstance = nullptr;
0035
0036 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0037
0038 WLSMaterials::WLSMaterials()
0039 {
0040   fNistMan = G4NistManager::Instance();
0041   fNistMan->SetVerbose(2);
0042
0043   CreateMaterials();
0044 }
0045
0046 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0047
0048 WLSMaterials::~WLSMaterials()
0049 {
0050   delete fAir;
0051   delete fPMMA;
0052   delete fPethylene;
0053   delete fFPethylene;
0054   delete fPolystyrene;
0055   delete fSilicone;
0056   delete fCoating;
0057 }
0058
0059 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0060
0061 WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::GetInstance()
0062 {
0063   if (!fInstance) {
0064     fInstance = new WLSMaterials();
0065   }
0066   return fInstance;
0067 }
0068
0069 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0070
0071 G4Material* WLSMaterials::GetMaterial(const G4String material)
0072 {
0073   G4Material* mat = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial(material);
0074
0075   if (!mat) mat = G4Material::GetMaterial(material);
0076   if (!mat) {
0077     G4ExceptionDescription ed;
0078     ed << "Material " << material << " not found!";
0079     G4Exception("WLSMaterials::GetMaterial", "", FatalException, ed);
0080   }
0081
0082   return mat;
0083 }
0084
0085 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0086
0087 void WLSMaterials::CreateMaterials()
0088 {
0089   G4double density;
0090   G4int ncomponents;
0091   G4double fractionmass;
0092   std::vector<G4int> natoms;
0093   std::vector<G4double> fractionMass;
0094   std::vector<G4String> elements;
0095
0096   // Materials Definitions
0097   // =====================
0098
0099   //--------------------------------------------------
0100   // Vacuum
0101   //--------------------------------------------------
0102
0103   fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Galactic");
0104
0105   //--------------------------------------------------
0106   // Air
0107   //--------------------------------------------------
0108
0109   fAir = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_AIR");
0110
0111   //--------------------------------------------------
0112   // WLSfiber PMMA
0113   //--------------------------------------------------
0114
0115   elements.push_back("C");
0116   natoms.push_back(5);
0117   elements.push_back("H");
0118   natoms.push_back(8);
0119   elements.push_back("O");
0120   natoms.push_back(2);
0121
0122   density = 1.190 * g / cm3;
0123
0124   fPMMA = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("PMMA", elements, natoms, density);
0125
0126   elements.clear();
0127   natoms.clear();
0128
0129   //--------------------------------------------------
0130   // Cladding (polyethylene)
0131   //--------------------------------------------------
0132
0133   elements.push_back("C");
0134   natoms.push_back(2);
0135   elements.push_back("H");
0136   natoms.push_back(4);
0137
0138   density = 1.200 * g / cm3;
0139
0140   fPethylene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Pethylene", elements, natoms, density);
0141
0142   elements.clear();
0143   natoms.clear();
0144
0145   //--------------------------------------------------
0146   // Double Cladding (fluorinated polyethylene)
0147   //--------------------------------------------------
0148
0149   elements.push_back("C");
0150   natoms.push_back(2);
0151   elements.push_back("H");
0152   natoms.push_back(4);
0153
0154   density = 1.400 * g / cm3;
0155
0156   fFPethylene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("FPethylene", elements, natoms, density);
0157
0158   elements.clear();
0159   natoms.clear();
0160
0161   //--------------------------------------------------
0162   // Polystyrene
0163   //--------------------------------------------------
0164
0165   elements.push_back("C");
0166   natoms.push_back(8);
0167   elements.push_back("H");
0168   natoms.push_back(8);
0169
0170   density = 1.050 * g / cm3;
0171
0172   fPolystyrene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Polystyrene", elements, natoms, density);
0173
0174   elements.clear();
0175   natoms.clear();
0176
0177   //--------------------------------------------------
0178   // Silicone (Template for Optical Grease)
0179   //--------------------------------------------------
0180
0181   elements.push_back("C");
0182   natoms.push_back(2);
0183   elements.push_back("H");
0184   natoms.push_back(6);
0185
0186   density = 1.060 * g / cm3;
0187
0188   fSilicone = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Silicone", elements, natoms, density);
0189
0190   elements.clear();
0191   natoms.clear();
0192
0193   //--------------------------------------------------
0194   // Aluminium
0195   //--------------------------------------------------
0196
0197   fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Al");
0198
0199   //--------------------------------------------------
0200   // TiO2
0201   //--------------------------------------------------
0202
0203   elements.push_back("Ti");
0204   natoms.push_back(1);
0205   elements.push_back("O");
0206   natoms.push_back(2);
0207
0208   density = 4.26 * g / cm3;
0209
0210   G4Material* TiO2 = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("TiO2", elements, natoms, density);
0211
0212   elements.clear();
0213   natoms.clear();
0214
0215   //--------------------------------------------------
0216   // Scintillator Coating - 15% TiO2 and 85% polystyrene by weight.
0217   //--------------------------------------------------
0218
0219   density = 1.52 * g / cm3;
0220
0221   fCoating = new G4Material("Coating", density, ncomponents = 2);
0222
0223   fCoating->AddMaterial(TiO2, fractionmass = 15 * perCent);
0224   fCoating->AddMaterial(fPolystyrene, fractionmass = 85 * perCent);
0225
0226   //
0227   // ------------ Generate & Add Material Properties Table ------------
0228   //
0229
0230   std::vector<G4double> energy = {
0231     2.00 * eV, 2.03 * eV, 2.06 * eV, 2.09 * eV, 2.12 * eV, 2.15 * eV, 2.18 * eV, 2.21 * eV,
0232     2.24 * eV, 2.27 * eV, 2.30 * eV, 2.33 * eV, 2.36 * eV, 2.39 * eV, 2.42 * eV, 2.45 * eV,
0233     2.48 * eV, 2.51 * eV, 2.54 * eV, 2.57 * eV, 2.60 * eV, 2.63 * eV, 2.66 * eV, 2.69 * eV,
0234     2.72 * eV, 2.75 * eV, 2.78 * eV, 2.81 * eV, 2.84 * eV, 2.87 * eV, 2.90 * eV, 2.93 * eV,
0235     2.96 * eV, 2.99 * eV, 3.02 * eV, 3.05 * eV, 3.08 * eV, 3.11 * eV, 3.14 * eV, 3.17 * eV,
0236     3.20 * eV, 3.23 * eV, 3.26 * eV, 3.29 * eV, 3.32 * eV, 3.35 * eV, 3.38 * eV, 3.41 * eV,
0237     3.44 * eV, 3.47 * eV};
0238
0239   std::vector<G4double> energySmall = {2.0 * eV, 3.47 * eV};
0240
0241   //--------------------------------------------------
0242   // Air
0243   //--------------------------------------------------
0244
0245   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndex = {1.0, 1.0};
0246
0247   auto mpt = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0248   mpt->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndex);
0249
0250   fAir->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mpt);
0251
0252   //--------------------------------------------------
0253   //  PMMA for WLSfibers
0254   //--------------------------------------------------
0255
0256   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexWLSfiber = {1.60, 1.60};
0257
0258   std::vector<G4double> absWLSfiber = {
0259     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
0260     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
0261     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
0262     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m,
0263     1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,
0264     1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm};
0265
0266   std::vector<G4double> emissionFib = {0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.85, 2.30, 2.75,
0267                                        3.25, 3.80, 4.50, 5.20, 6.00, 7.00, 8.50, 9.50, 11.1, 12.4,
0268                                        12.9, 13.0, 12.8, 12.3, 11.1, 11.0, 12.0, 11.0, 17.0, 16.9,
0269                                        15.0, 9.00, 2.50, 1.00, 0.05, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00,
0270                                        0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00};
0271
0272   // Add entries into properties table
0273   auto mptWLSfiber = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0274   mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexWLSfiber);
0275   mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSABSLENGTH", energy, absWLSfiber);
0276   mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSCOMPONENT", energy, emissionFib);
0277   mptWLSfiber->AddConstProperty("WLSTIMECONSTANT", 0.5 * ns);
0278
0279   fPMMA->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptWLSfiber);
0280
0281   //--------------------------------------------------
0282   //  Polyethylene
0283   //--------------------------------------------------
0284
0285   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad1 = {1.49, 1.49};
0286
0287   std::vector<G4double> absClad = {20.0 * m, 20.0 * m};
0288
0289   // Add entries into properties table
0290   auto mptClad1 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0291   mptClad1->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad1);
0292   mptClad1->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
0293
0294   fPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad1);
0295
0296   //--------------------------------------------------
0297   // Fluorinated Polyethylene
0298   //--------------------------------------------------
0299
0300   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad2 = {1.42, 1.42};
0301
0302   // Add entries into properties table
0303   auto mptClad2 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0304   mptClad2->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad2);
0305   mptClad2->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
0306
0307   fFPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad2);
0308
0309   //--------------------------------------------------
0310   // Silicone
0311   //--------------------------------------------------
0312
0313   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexSilicone = {1.46, 1.46};
0314
0315   // Add entries into properties table
0316   auto mptSilicone = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0317   mptSilicone->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexSilicone);
0318   mptSilicone->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
0319
0320   fSilicone->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptSilicone);
0321
0322   //--------------------------------------------------
0323   //  Polystyrene
0324   //--------------------------------------------------
0325
0326   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexPS = {1.50, 1.50};
0327
0328   std::vector<G4double> absPS = {2. * cm, 2. * cm};
0329
0330   std::vector<G4double> scintilFast = {
0331     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0332     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
0333     1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
0334
0335   // Add entries into properties table
0336   auto mptPolystyrene = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0337   mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexPS);
0338   mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absPS);
0339   mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("SCINTILLATIONCOMPONENT1", energy, scintilFast);
0340   mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONYIELD", 10. / keV);
0341   mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("RESOLUTIONSCALE", 1.0);
0342   mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONTIMECONSTANT1", 10. * ns);
0343
0344   fPolystyrene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptPolystyrene);
0345
0346   // Set the Birks Constant for the Polystyrene scintillator
0347   fPolystyrene->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant(0.126 * mm / MeV);
0348 }