wls/src/WLSMaterials.cc

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0027 /// \file optical/wls/src/WLSMaterials.cc
0028 /// \brief Implementation of the WLSMaterials class
0029 //
0030 //
0031 #include "WLSMaterials.hh"
0032
0033 #include "G4NistManager.hh"
0034 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
0035
0036 WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::fInstance = nullptr;
0037
0038 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0039
0040 WLSMaterials::WLSMaterials()
0041 {
0042   fNistMan = G4NistManager::Instance();
0043   fNistMan->SetVerbose(2);
0044
0045   CreateMaterials();
0046 }
0047
0048 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0049
0050 WLSMaterials::~WLSMaterials()
0051 {
0052   delete fAir;
0053   delete fPMMA;
0054   delete fPethylene;
0055   delete fFPethylene;
0056   delete fPolystyrene;
0057   delete fSilicone;
0058   delete fCoating;
0059 }
0060
0061 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0062
0063 WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::GetInstance()
0064 {
0065   if (!fInstance) {
0066     fInstance = new WLSMaterials();
0067   }
0068   return fInstance;
0069 }
0070
0071 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0072
0073 G4Material* WLSMaterials::GetMaterial(const G4String material)
0074 {
0075   G4Material* mat = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial(material);
0076
0077   if (!mat) mat = G4Material::GetMaterial(material);
0078   if (!mat) {
0079     G4ExceptionDescription ed;
0080     ed << "Material " << material << " not found!";
0081     G4Exception("WLSMaterials::GetMaterial", "", FatalException, ed);
0082   }
0083
0084   return mat;
0085 }
0086
0087 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
0088
0089 void WLSMaterials::CreateMaterials()
0090 {
0091   G4double density;
0092   G4int ncomponents;
0093   G4double fractionmass;
0094   std::vector<G4int> natoms;
0095   std::vector<G4double> fractionMass;
0096   std::vector<G4String> elements;
0097
0098   // Materials Definitions
0099   // =====================
0100
0101   //--------------------------------------------------
0102   // Vacuum
0103   //--------------------------------------------------
0104
0105   fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Galactic");
0106
0107   //--------------------------------------------------
0108   // Air
0109   //--------------------------------------------------
0110
0111   fAir = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_AIR");
0112
0113   //--------------------------------------------------
0114   // WLSfiber PMMA
0115   //--------------------------------------------------
0116
0117   elements.push_back("C");
0118   natoms.push_back(5);
0119   elements.push_back("H");
0120   natoms.push_back(8);
0121   elements.push_back("O");
0122   natoms.push_back(2);
0123
0124   density = 1.190 * g / cm3;
0125
0126   fPMMA = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("PMMA", elements, natoms, density);
0127
0128   elements.clear();
0129   natoms.clear();
0130
0131   //--------------------------------------------------
0132   // Cladding (polyethylene)
0133   //--------------------------------------------------
0134
0135   elements.push_back("C");
0136   natoms.push_back(2);
0137   elements.push_back("H");
0138   natoms.push_back(4);
0139
0140   density = 1.200 * g / cm3;
0141
0142   fPethylene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Pethylene", elements, natoms, density);
0143
0144   elements.clear();
0145   natoms.clear();
0146
0147   //--------------------------------------------------
0148   // Double Cladding (fluorinated polyethylene)
0149   //--------------------------------------------------
0150
0151   elements.push_back("C");
0152   natoms.push_back(2);
0153   elements.push_back("H");
0154   natoms.push_back(4);
0155
0156   density = 1.400 * g / cm3;
0157
0158   fFPethylene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("FPethylene", elements, natoms, density);
0159
0160   elements.clear();
0161   natoms.clear();
0162
0163   //--------------------------------------------------
0164   // Polystyrene
0165   //--------------------------------------------------
0166
0167   elements.push_back("C");
0168   natoms.push_back(8);
0169   elements.push_back("H");
0170   natoms.push_back(8);
0171
0172   density = 1.050 * g / cm3;
0173
0174   fPolystyrene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Polystyrene", elements, natoms, density);
0175
0176   elements.clear();
0177   natoms.clear();
0178
0179   //--------------------------------------------------
0180   // Silicone (Template for Optical Grease)
0181   //--------------------------------------------------
0182
0183   elements.push_back("C");
0184   natoms.push_back(2);
0185   elements.push_back("H");
0186   natoms.push_back(6);
0187
0188   density = 1.060 * g / cm3;
0189
0190   fSilicone = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Silicone", elements, natoms, density);
0191
0192   elements.clear();
0193   natoms.clear();
0194
0195   //--------------------------------------------------
0196   // Aluminium
0197   //--------------------------------------------------
0198
0199   fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Al");
0200
0201   //--------------------------------------------------
0202   // TiO2
0203   //--------------------------------------------------
0204
0205   elements.push_back("Ti");
0206   natoms.push_back(1);
0207   elements.push_back("O");
0208   natoms.push_back(2);
0209
0210   density = 4.26 * g / cm3;
0211
0212   G4Material* TiO2 = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("TiO2", elements, natoms, density);
0213
0214   elements.clear();
0215   natoms.clear();
0216
0217   //--------------------------------------------------
0218   // Scintillator Coating - 15% TiO2 and 85% polystyrene by weight.
0219   //--------------------------------------------------
0220
0221   density = 1.52 * g / cm3;
0222
0223   fCoating = new G4Material("Coating", density, ncomponents = 2);
0224
0225   fCoating->AddMaterial(TiO2, fractionmass = 15 * perCent);
0226   fCoating->AddMaterial(fPolystyrene, fractionmass = 85 * perCent);
0227
0228   //
0229   // ------------ Generate & Add Material Properties Table ------------
0230   //
0231
0232   std::vector<G4double> energy = {
0233     2.00 * eV, 2.03 * eV, 2.06 * eV, 2.09 * eV, 2.12 * eV, 2.15 * eV, 2.18 * eV, 2.21 * eV,
0234     2.24 * eV, 2.27 * eV, 2.30 * eV, 2.33 * eV, 2.36 * eV, 2.39 * eV, 2.42 * eV, 2.45 * eV,
0235     2.48 * eV, 2.51 * eV, 2.54 * eV, 2.57 * eV, 2.60 * eV, 2.63 * eV, 2.66 * eV, 2.69 * eV,
0236     2.72 * eV, 2.75 * eV, 2.78 * eV, 2.81 * eV, 2.84 * eV, 2.87 * eV, 2.90 * eV, 2.93 * eV,
0237     2.96 * eV, 2.99 * eV, 3.02 * eV, 3.05 * eV, 3.08 * eV, 3.11 * eV, 3.14 * eV, 3.17 * eV,
0238     3.20 * eV, 3.23 * eV, 3.26 * eV, 3.29 * eV, 3.32 * eV, 3.35 * eV, 3.38 * eV, 3.41 * eV,
0239     3.44 * eV, 3.47 * eV};
0240
0241   std::vector<G4double> energySmall = {2.0 * eV, 3.47 * eV};
0242
0243   //--------------------------------------------------
0244   // Air
0245   //--------------------------------------------------
0246
0247   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndex = {1.0, 1.0};
0248
0249   auto mpt = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0250   mpt->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndex);
0251
0252   fAir->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mpt);
0253
0254   //--------------------------------------------------
0255   //  PMMA for WLSfibers
0256   //--------------------------------------------------
0257
0258   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexWLSfiber = {1.60, 1.60};
0259
0260   std::vector<G4double> absWLSfiber = {
0261     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
0262     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
0263     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
0264     5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m,
0265     1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,
0266     1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm};
0267
0268   std::vector<G4double> emissionFib = {0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.85, 2.30, 2.75,
0269                                        3.25, 3.80, 4.50, 5.20, 6.00, 7.00, 8.50, 9.50, 11.1, 12.4,
0270                                        12.9, 13.0, 12.8, 12.3, 11.1, 11.0, 12.0, 11.0, 17.0, 16.9,
0271                                        15.0, 9.00, 2.50, 1.00, 0.05, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00,
0272                                        0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00};
0273
0274   // Add entries into properties table
0275   auto mptWLSfiber = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0276   mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexWLSfiber);
0277   mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSABSLENGTH", energy, absWLSfiber);
0278   mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSCOMPONENT", energy, emissionFib);
0279   mptWLSfiber->AddConstProperty("WLSTIMECONSTANT", 0.5 * ns);
0280
0281   fPMMA->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptWLSfiber);
0282
0283   //--------------------------------------------------
0284   //  Polyethylene
0285   //--------------------------------------------------
0286
0287   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad1 = {1.49, 1.49};
0288
0289   std::vector<G4double> absClad = {20.0 * m, 20.0 * m};
0290
0291   // Add entries into properties table
0292   auto mptClad1 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0293   mptClad1->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad1);
0294   mptClad1->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
0295
0296   fPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad1);
0297
0298   //--------------------------------------------------
0299   // Fluorinated Polyethylene
0300   //--------------------------------------------------
0301
0302   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad2 = {1.42, 1.42};
0303
0304   // Add entries into properties table
0305   auto mptClad2 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0306   mptClad2->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad2);
0307   mptClad2->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
0308
0309   fFPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad2);
0310
0311   //--------------------------------------------------
0312   // Silicone
0313   //--------------------------------------------------
0314
0315   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexSilicone = {1.46, 1.46};
0316
0317   // Add entries into properties table
0318   auto mptSilicone = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0319   mptSilicone->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexSilicone);
0320   mptSilicone->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
0321
0322   fSilicone->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptSilicone);
0323
0324   //--------------------------------------------------
0325   //  Polystyrene
0326   //--------------------------------------------------
0327
0328   std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexPS = {1.50, 1.50};
0329
0330   std::vector<G4double> absPS = {2. * cm, 2. * cm};
0331
0332   std::vector<G4double> scintilFast = {
0333     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0334     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
0335     1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
0336
0337   // Add entries into properties table
0338   auto mptPolystyrene = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
0339   mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexPS);
0340   mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absPS);
0341   mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("SCINTILLATIONCOMPONENT1", energy, scintilFast);
0342   mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONYIELD", 10. / keV);
0343   mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("RESOLUTIONSCALE", 1.0);
0344   mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONTIMECONSTANT1", 10. * ns);
0345
0346   fPolystyrene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptPolystyrene);
0347
0348   // Set the Birks Constant for the Polystyrene scintillator
0349   fPolystyrene->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant(0.126 * mm / MeV);
0350 }