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 /// \file Hadr09.cc
 /// \brief Main program of the hadronic/Hadr09 example
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // This program shows how to use the class Hadronic Generator.
 // The class HadronicGenerator is a kind of "hadronic generator", i.e.
 // provides Geant4 final states (i.e. secondary particles) produced by
 // hadron-nuclear inelastic collisions.
 // Please see the class itself for more information.
 //
 // The use of the class Hadronic Generator is very simple:
 // the constructor needs to be invoked only once - specifying the name
 // of the Geant4 "physics case" to consider ("FTFP_BERT" will be
 // considered as default is the name is not specified) - and then one
 // method needs to be called at each collision, specifying the type of
 // collision (hadron, energy, direction, material) to be simulated.
 // The class HadronicGenerator is expected to work also in a
 // multi-threaded environment with "external" threads (i.e. threads
 // that are not necessarily managed by Geant4 run-manager):
 // each thread should have its own instance of the class.
 //
 // See the string "***LOOKHERE***" below for the setting of parameters
 // of this example: the "physics case", the set of possibilities from
 // which to sample the projectile (i.e. whether the projectile is a
 // hadron or an ion - in the case of hadron projectile, a list of hadrons
 // is possible from which to sample at each collision; in the case of
 // ion projectile, only one type of ion needs to be specified),
 // the kinetic energy of the projectile (which can be sampled within
 // an interval), whether the direction of the projectile is fixed or
 // sampled at each collision, the target material (a list of materials
 // is possible, from which the target material can be sampled at each
 // collision, and then from this target material, the target nucleus
 // will be chosen randomly by Geant4 itself), and whether to print out
 // some information or not and how frequently.
 // Once a well-defined type of hadron-nucleus or nucleus-nucleus
 // inelastic collision has been chosen, the method
 //   HadronicGenerator::GenerateInteraction
 // returns the secondaries produced by that interaction (in the form
 // of a G4VParticleChange object).
 // Some information about this final-state is printed out as an example.
 //
 // Usage:  Hadr09
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
 #include "CLHEP/Random/Randomize.h"
 #include "CLHEP/Random/Ranlux64Engine.h"
 #include "HadronicGenerator.hh"
 
 #include "G4GenericIon.hh"
 #include "G4HadronicParameters.hh"
 #include "G4IonTable.hh"
 #include "G4Material.hh"
 #include "G4NistManager.hh"
 #include "G4ParticleTable.hh"
 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
 #include "G4ProcessManager.hh"
 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
 #include "G4VParticleChange.hh"
 #include "G4ios.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
 
 #include <iomanip>
 
 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
 int main(int, char**)
 {
   G4cout << "=== Test of the HadronicGenerator ===" << G4endl;
 
   // Enable light hypernuclei and anti-hypernuclei
   G4HadronicParameters::Instance()->SetEnableHyperNuclei(true);
 
   // See the HadronicGenerator class for the possibilities and meaning of the "physics cases".
   // ( In short, it is the name of the Geant4 hadronic model used for the simulation of
   //   the collision, with the possibility of having a transition between two models in
   //   a given energy interval, as in physics lists. )
   const G4String namePhysics = "FTFP_BERT";  //***LOOKHERE***  PHYSICS CASE
   // const G4String namePhysics = "FTFP_BERT_ATL";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "QGSP_BERT";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "QGSP_BIC";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "FTFP_INCLXX";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "FTFP";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "QGSP";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "BERT";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "BIC";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "IonBIC";
   // const G4String namePhysics = "INCL";
 
   // The kinetic energy of the projectile will be sampled randomly, with flat probability
   // in the interval [minEnergy, maxEnergy].
   G4double minEnergy = 1.0 * CLHEP::GeV;  //***LOOKHERE***  HADRON PROJECTILE MIN Ekin
   G4double maxEnergy = 30.0 * CLHEP::GeV;  //***LOOKHERE***  HADRON PROJECTILE MAX Ekin
 
   const G4int numCollisions = 1000;  //***LOOKHERE***  NUMBER OF COLLISIONS
 
   // Enable or disable the print out of this program: if enabled, the number of secondaries
   // produced in each collisions is printed out; moreover, once every "printingGap"
   // collisions, the list of secondaries is printed out.
   const G4bool isPrintingEnabled = true;  //***LOOKHERE***  PRINT OUT ON/OFF
   const G4int printingGap = 100;  //***LOOKHERE***  GAP IN PRINTING
 
   // Vector of Geant4 names of hadron projectiles: one of this will be sampled randomly
   // (with uniform probability) for each collision, when the projectile is not a generic ion
   // (note that the 6 light hypernuclei and anti-hypernuclei are treated here as for the
   // other hadrons, not as generic ions).
   // Note: comment out the corresponding line in order to exclude a particle.
   std::vector<G4String> vecProjectiles;  //***LOOKHERE***  POSSIBLE HADRON PROJECTILES
   vecProjectiles.push_back("pi-");
   // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "pi0" );               // Excluded because too short-lived
   vecProjectiles.push_back("pi+");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("kaon-");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("kaon+");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("kaon0L");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("kaon0S");
   // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "eta" );               // Excluded because too short-lived
   // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "eta_prime" );         // Excluded because too short-lived
   vecProjectiles.push_back("proton");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("neutron");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("deuteron");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("triton");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("He3");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("alpha");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("lambda");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("sigma-");
   // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma0" );            // Excluded because too short-lived
   vecProjectiles.push_back("sigma+");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("xi-");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("xi0");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("omega-");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_proton");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_neutron");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_lambda");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_sigma-");
   // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "anti_sigma0" );       // Excluded because too short-lived
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_sigma+");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_xi-");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_xi0");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_omega-");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_deuteron");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_triton");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_He3");
   vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_alpha");
 
   // Only FTFP and QGSP can handle nuclear interaction of charm and bottom hadrons
   if (namePhysics == "FTFP_BERT" || namePhysics == "FTFP_BERT_ATL" || namePhysics == "QGSP_BERT"
       || namePhysics == "QGSP_BIC" || namePhysics == "FTFP" || namePhysics == "QGSP")
   {
     // Charm and bottom hadrons
     vecProjectiles.push_back("D+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("D-");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("D0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_D0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("Ds+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("Ds-");
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "etac" );   // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "J/psi" );  // Excluded because too short-lived
     vecProjectiles.push_back("B+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("B-");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("B0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_B0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("Bs0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_Bs0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("Bc+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("Bc-");
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "Upsilon" );         // Excluded because too short-lived
     vecProjectiles.push_back("lambda_c+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_lambda_c+");
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_c+" );        // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "anti_sigma_c+" );   // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_c0" );        // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "anti_sigma_c0" );   // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_c++" );       // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "anti_sigma_c++" );  // Excluded because too short-lived
     vecProjectiles.push_back("xi_c+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_xi_c+");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("xi_c0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_xi_c0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("omega_c0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_omega_c0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("lambda_b");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_lambda_b");
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_b+" );       // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "anti_sigma_b+" );  // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_b0" );       // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_b0" );       // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "sigma_b-" );       // Excluded because too short-lived
     // Note: vecProjectiles.push_back( "anti_sigma_b-" );  // Excluded because too short-lived
     vecProjectiles.push_back("xi_b0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_xi_b0");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("xi_b-");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_xi_b-");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("omega_b-");
     vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_omega_b-");
   }
 
   // If the hadronic interactions of light hypernuclei and anti-hypernuclei
   // are swtiched on, then only FTFP and INCL can handle the nuclear interactions
   // of light hypernuclei, and only FTFP is capable of handling the nuclear
   // interactions of light anti-hypernuclei.
   if (G4HadronicParameters::Instance()->EnableHyperNuclei()) {
     if (namePhysics == "FTFP_BERT" || namePhysics == "FTFP_INCLXX" || namePhysics == "FTFP"
         || namePhysics == "INCL")
     {
       // Light hypernuclei
       vecProjectiles.push_back("hypertriton");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("hyperalpha");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("hyperH4");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("doublehyperH4");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("doublehyperdoubleneutron");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("hyperHe5");
     }
     if (namePhysics == "FTFP_BERT" || namePhysics == "FTFP_INCLXX" || namePhysics == "FTFP") {
       // Light anti-hypernuclei
       vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_hypertriton");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_hyperalpha");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_hyperH4");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_doublehyperH4");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_doublehyperdoubleneutron");
       vecProjectiles.push_back("anti_hyperHe5");
     }
   }
 
   G4ParticleDefinition* projectileNucleus = nullptr;
   G4GenericIon* gion = G4GenericIon::GenericIon();
   gion->SetProcessManager(new G4ProcessManager(gion));
   G4ParticleTable* partTable = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable();
   G4IonTable* ions = partTable->GetIonTable();
   partTable->SetReadiness();
   ions->CreateAllIon();
   ions->CreateAllIsomer();
 
   const G4bool isProjectileIon = false;  //***LOOKHERE***  HADRON (false) OR ION (true) PROJECTILE?
   if (isProjectileIon) {
     minEnergy = 40.0 * 13.0 * CLHEP::GeV;  //***LOOKHERE***  ION PROJECTILE MIN Ekin
     maxEnergy = 40.0 * 13.0 * CLHEP::GeV;  //***LOOKHERE***  ION PROJECTILE MAX Ekin
     G4int ionZ = 18, ionA = 40;  //***LOOKHERE***  ION PROJECTILE (Z, A)
     projectileNucleus = partTable->GetIonTable()->GetIon(ionZ, ionA, 0.0);
   }
 
   // Vector of Geant4 NIST names of materials: one of this will be sampled randomly
   // (with uniform probability) for each collision and used as target material.
   // Note: comment out the corresponding line in order to exclude a material;
   //       or, vice versa, add a new line to extend the list with another material.
   std::vector<G4String> vecMaterials;  //***LOOKHERE*** : NIST TARGET MATERIALS
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_H");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_He");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Be");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_C");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Al");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Si");
   // vecMaterials.push_back( "G4_Sc" );
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Ar");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Fe");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Cu");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_W");
   vecMaterials.push_back("G4_Pb");
 
   const G4int numProjectiles = vecProjectiles.size();
   const G4int numMaterials = vecMaterials.size();
 
   G4cout << G4endl << "=================  Configuration ==================" << G4endl
          << "Model: " << namePhysics << G4endl << "Ekin: [ " << minEnergy / CLHEP::GeV << " , "
          << maxEnergy / CLHEP::GeV << " ] GeV" << G4endl
          << "Number of collisions:  " << numCollisions << G4endl
          << "Number of hadron projectiles: " << numProjectiles << G4endl
          << "Number of materials:   " << numMaterials << G4endl
          << "IsIonProjectile: " << (projectileNucleus != nullptr ? "true \t" : "false")
          << (projectileNucleus != nullptr ? projectileNucleus->GetParticleName() : G4String(""))
          << G4endl << "===================================================" << G4endl << G4endl;
 
   CLHEP::Ranlux64Engine defaultEngine(1234567, 4);
   CLHEP::HepRandom::setTheEngine(&defaultEngine);
   G4int seed = time(NULL);
   CLHEP::HepRandom::setTheSeed(seed);
   G4cout << G4endl << " Initial seed = " << seed << G4endl << G4endl;
 
   // Instanciate the HadronicGenerator providing the name of the "physics case"
   HadronicGenerator* theHadronicGenerator = new HadronicGenerator(namePhysics);
   //****************************************************************************
 
   if (theHadronicGenerator == nullptr) {
     G4cerr << "ERROR: theHadronicGenerator is NULL !" << G4endl;
     return 1;
   }
   else if (!theHadronicGenerator->IsPhysicsCaseSupported()) {
     G4cerr << "ERROR: this physics case is NOT supported !" << G4endl;
     return 2;
   }
 
   // Loop over the collisions
   G4double rnd1, rnd2, rnd3, rnd4, rnd5, rnd6, normalization, projectileEnergy;
   G4VParticleChange* aChange = nullptr;
   for (G4int i = 0; i < numCollisions; ++i) {
     // Draw some random numbers to select the hadron-nucleus interaction:
     // projectile hadron, projectile kinetic energy, projectile direction, and target material.
     rnd1 = CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat();
     rnd2 = CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat();
     rnd3 = CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat();
     rnd4 = CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat();
     rnd5 = CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat();
     rnd6 = CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat();
     // Sample the projectile kinetic energy
     projectileEnergy = minEnergy + rnd1 * (maxEnergy - minEnergy);
     if (projectileEnergy <= 0.0) projectileEnergy = minEnergy;
     // Sample the projectile direction
     normalization = 1.0 / std::sqrt(rnd2 * rnd2 + rnd3 * rnd3 + rnd4 * rnd4);
     const G4bool isOnSmearingDirection = true;  //***LOOKHERE***
     G4ThreeVector aDirection = G4ThreeVector(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);  //***LOOKHERE***
     if (isOnSmearingDirection) {
       aDirection = G4ThreeVector(normalization * rnd2, normalization * rnd3, normalization * rnd4);
     }
     // Sample the projectile hadron from the vector vecProjectiles
     G4int index_projectile = std::trunc(rnd5 * numProjectiles);
     G4String nameProjectile = vecProjectiles[index_projectile];
     G4ParticleDefinition* projectile = partTable->FindParticle(nameProjectile);
     if (projectileNucleus) {
       nameProjectile = projectileNucleus->GetParticleName();
       projectile = projectileNucleus;
     }
     // Sample the target material from the vector vecMaterials
     // (Note: the target nucleus will be sampled by Geant4)
     G4int index_material = std::trunc(rnd6 * numMaterials);
     G4String nameMaterial = vecMaterials[index_material];
     G4Material* material = G4NistManager::Instance()->FindOrBuildMaterial(nameMaterial);
     if (material == nullptr) {
       G4cerr << "ERROR: Material " << nameMaterial << " is not found !" << G4endl;
       return 3;
     }
     if (isPrintingEnabled) {
       G4cout << "\t Collision " << i << " ; projectile=" << nameProjectile;
       if (projectileNucleus) {
         G4cout << " ; Ekin[MeV]/nucleon="
                << projectileEnergy
                     / static_cast<G4double>(std::abs(projectileNucleus->GetBaryonNumber()));
       }
       else {
         G4cout << " ; Ekin[MeV]=" << projectileEnergy;
       }
       G4cout << " ; direction=" << aDirection << " ; material=" << nameMaterial;
     }
 
     // Call here the "hadronic generator" to get the secondaries produced by the hadronic collision
     aChange = theHadronicGenerator->GenerateInteraction(
       projectile, projectileEnergy,
       /* ********************************************** */ aDirection, material);
 
     G4int nsec = aChange ? aChange->GetNumberOfSecondaries() : 0;
     G4bool isPrintingOfSecondariesEnabled = false;
     if (isPrintingEnabled) {
       G4cout << G4endl << "\t --> #secondaries=" << nsec
              << " ; impactParameter[fm]=" << theHadronicGenerator->GetImpactParameter() / fermi
              << " ; #projectileSpectatorNucleons="
              << theHadronicGenerator->GetNumberOfProjectileSpectatorNucleons()
              << " ; #targetSpectatorNucleons="
              << theHadronicGenerator->GetNumberOfTargetSpectatorNucleons()
              << " ; #NNcollisions=" << theHadronicGenerator->GetNumberOfNNcollisions() << G4endl;
       if (i % printingGap == 0) {
         isPrintingOfSecondariesEnabled = true;
         G4cout << "\t \t List of produced secondaries: " << G4endl;
       }
     }
     // Loop over produced secondaries and eventually print out some information.
     for (G4int j = 0; j < nsec; ++j) {
       const G4DynamicParticle* sec = aChange->GetSecondary(j)->GetDynamicParticle();
       if (isPrintingOfSecondariesEnabled) {
         G4cout << "\t \t \t j=" << j << "\t" << sec->GetDefinition()->GetParticleName()
                << "\t p=" << sec->Get4Momentum() << " MeV" << G4endl;
       }
       delete aChange->GetSecondary(j);
     }
     if (aChange) aChange->Clear();
   }
 
   G4cout << G4endl << " Final random number = " << CLHEP::HepRandom::getTheEngine()->flat()
          << G4endl << "=== End of test ===" << G4endl;
 }
 
 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

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