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      Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
      =========================================================
 
                             Example B1
                             -----------
 
  This example demonstrates a very simple application where an energy
  deposit is accounted in user actions and their associated objects
  and a dose in a selected volume is calculated.
 
 
  1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION
 
    The geometry is constructed in the B1::DetectorConstruction class.
    The setup consists of a an envelope of box shape containing two
    volumes: a spherical cone and a trapezoid.
 
    In this example we use  some common materials materials for medical
    applications. The envelope is made of water and the two inner volumes
    are made from tissue and bone materials.
    The materials are created with the help of the G4NistManager class,
    which allows to build a material from the NIST database using their
    names. All available materials can be found in the Geant4 User's Guide
    for Application Developers, Appendix 10: Geant4 Materials Database.
 
  2- PHYSICS LIST
 
    The particle's type and the physic processes which will be available
    in this example are set in the QBBC physics list. This physics list
    requires data files for electromagnetic and hadronic processes.
    See more on installation of the datasets in Geant4 Installation Guide,
    Chapter 3.3: Note On Geant4 Datasets:
    http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/UserDocumentation/UsersGuides
                                            /InstallationGuide/html/ch03s03.html
    The following datasets: G4LEDATA, G4LEVELGAMMADATA, G4NEUTRONXSDATA,
    G4SAIDXSDATA and G4ENSDFSTATEDATA are mandatory for this example.
 
    In addition the build-in interactive command:
                /process/(in)activate processName
    allows to activate/inactivate the processes one by one.
 
  3- ACTION INITALIZATION
 
    A newly introduced class, B1::ActionInitialization, instantiates and registers
    to Geant4 kernel all user action classes.
 
    While in sequential mode the action classes are instatiated just once,
    via invoking the method:
       B1::ActionInitialization::Build()
    in multi-threading mode the same method is invoked for each thread worker
    and so all user action classes are defined thread-local.
 
    A run action class is instantiated both thread-local
    and global that's why its instance is created also in the method
       B1::ActionInitialization::BuildForMaster()
    which is invoked only in multi-threading mode.
 
  4- PRIMARY GENERATOR
 
    The primary generator is defined in the B1::PrimaryGeneratorAction class.
    The default kinematics is a 6 MeV gamma, randomly distributed in front
    of the envelope across 80% of the transverse (X,Y) envelope size.
    This default setting can be changed via the Geant4 built-in commands
    of the G4ParticleGun class.
 
  5- DETECTOR RESPONSE
 
    This example demonstrates a simple scoring implemented directly
    in the user action classes.  Alternative ways of scoring via Geant4 classes
    can be found in the other examples.
 
    The energy deposited is collected step by step for a selected volume
    in B1::SteppingAction and accumulated event by event in B1::EventAction.
 
    At end of event, the value acummulated in B1::EventAction is added in B1::RunAction
    and summed over the whole run (see B1::EventAction::EndOfevent()).
 
    Total dose deposited is computed at B1::RunAction::EndOfRunAction(),
    and printed together with informations about the primary particle.
    In multi-threading mode the energy accumulated in G4Accumulable objects per
    workers is merged to the master in B1::RunAction::EndOfRunAction() and the final
    result is printed on the screen.
 
    G4Parameter<G4double> type instead of G4double type is used for the B1::RunAction
    data members in order to facilitate merging of the values accumulated on workers
    to the master.  Currently the accumulables have to be registered to G4AccumulablesManager
    and G4AccumulablesManager::Merge() has to be called from the users code. This is planned
    to be further simplified with a closer integration of G4Accumulable classes in
    the Geant4 kernel next year.
 
    An example of creating and computing new units (e.g., dose) is also shown
    in the class constructor.
 
  The following paragraphs are common to all basic examples
 
  A- VISUALISATION
 
    The visualization manager is set via the G4VisExecutive class
    in the main() function in exampleB1.cc.
    The initialisation of the drawing is done via a set of /vis/ commands
    in the macro vis.mac. This macro is automatically read from
    the main function when the example is used in interactive running mode.
 
    By default, vis.mac opens an OpenGL viewer (/vis/open OGL).
    The user can change the initial viewer by commenting out this line
    and instead uncommenting one of the other /vis/open statements, such as
    HepRepFile or DAWNFILE (which produce files that can be viewed with the
    HepRApp and DAWN viewers, respectively).  Note that one can always
    open new viewers at any time from the command line.  For example, if
    you already have a view in, say, an OpenGL window with a name
    "viewer-0", then
       /vis/open DAWNFILE
    then to get the same view
       /vis/viewer/copyView viewer-0
    or to get the same view *plus* scene-modifications
       /vis/viewer/set/all viewer-0
    then to see the result
       /vis/viewer/flush
 
    The DAWNFILE, HepRepFile drivers are always available
    (since they require no external libraries), but the OGL driver requires
    that the Geant4 libraries have been built with the OpenGL option.
 
    From Release 9.6 the vis.mac macro in example B1 has additional commands
    that demonstrate additional functionality of the vis system, such as
    displaying text, axes, scales, date, logo and shows how to change
    viewpoint and style.  Consider copying these to other examples or
    your application.  To see even more commands use help or
    ls or browse the available UI commands in the Application
    Developers Guide, Section 7.1.
 
    For more information on visualization, including information on how to
    install and run DAWN, OpenGL and HepRApp, see the visualization tutorials,
    for example,
    http://geant4.slac.stanford.edu/Presentations/vis/G4[VIS]Tutorial/G4[VIS]Tutorial.html
    (where [VIS] can be replaced by DAWN, OpenGL and HepRApp)
 
    The tracks are automatically drawn at the end of each event, accumulated
    for all events and erased at the beginning of the next run.
 
  B- USER INTERFACES
 
    The user command interface is set via the G4UIExecutive class
    in the main() function in exampleB1.cc
    The selection of the user command interface is then done automatically
    according to the Geant4 configuration or it can be done explicitly via
    the third argument of the G4UIExecutive constructor (see exampleB4a.cc).
 
  C- HOW TO RUN
 
     - Execute exampleB1 in the 'interactive mode' with visualization:
         % ./exampleB1
       and type in the commands from run1.mac line by line:
         Idle> /control/verbose 2
         Idle> /tracking/verbose 1
         Idle> /run/beamOn 10
         Idle> ...
         Idle> exit
       or
         Idle> /control/execute run1.mac
         ....
         Idle> exit
 
     - Execute exampleB1  in the 'batch' mode from macro files
       (without visualization)
         % ./exampleB1 run2.mac
         % ./exampleB1 exampleB1.in > exampleB1.out
 
 

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