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0001
0002 =========================================================
0003 Geant4 - ULTRA-based air shower example
0004 =========================================================
0005
0006 README
0007 ---------------------
0008
0009 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
0010 ----> Introduction.
0011
0012 The ULTRA detector is a hybrid 2-component system consisting of:
0013
0014
0015 1) an UV detection system - the UVscope
0016 2) an array of scintillator detectors - the ETscope
0017
0018 The UVscope detects Cherenkov light associated to cosmic ray showers
0019 when it is diffusively reflected on ground.
0020 The ETscope detects in coincidence the charged particles of the shower.
0021
0022 In the current version only the UVscope simulation is included
0023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
0024 ----> Description
0025
0026 The UVscope consists of a Fresnel lens and a PMT located in the focal
0027 plane, enclosed in a cylindrical aluminum housing. The lens is 457 mm
0028 in diameter and is made of UV transmitting acrylic with 5.6 grooves
0029 per mm. The description of the geometry of the Fresnel lens makes use
0030 of object parameterisation/replication capabilities.
0031
0032 The primary vertex generator describes a plane circular source of UV
0033 (3eV, about 400 nm) optical photons.
0034 Depending on the selected detector configuration, the source can be
0035 positioned such that the photons are fired
0036 to a reflecting surface or, by default, directly to the UVscope
0037 (no reflecting surface is present in this case).
0038 Reflection at the surface can be chosen to be specular or diffuse.
0039 In both cases the normal to the surface makes an angle of 45 degrees
0040 with the UVscope axis and the photons are emitted at an angle of
0041 90 degrees with the UVscope axis.
0042 If none of these variables is set no reflecting surface is used
0043 and the photons source is positioned at the UVscope axis.
0044
0045 The definition of the relevant optical boundaries, parameters and
0046 processes is made.
0047
0048 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
0049 ----> SET-UP
0050
0051 A standard Geant4 example GNUmakefile and a CMakeLists.txt file are
0052 provided, for building with cmake
0053
0054 The following environment variable can be set in order to get
0055 additional verbosity during program running:
0056
0057 1) GNUmakefile
0058
0059 setenv ULTRA_VERBOSE
0060
0061 or
0062
0063 2) cmake -DULTRA_VERBOSE=ON "path to source"
0064
0065
0066 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
0067
0068 The analysis is performed using the native Geant4 analysis tools
0069 (g4tools). In the default case, the output histograms are written
0070 in a ROOT file.
0071
0072 The output file can be written in other formats (csv, xml, hdf5) by
0073 changing the G4AnalysisManager default file type in UltraRunAction::BeginOfRunAction().
0074
0075 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
0076 ----> How to run the example.
0077
0078 From the directory where the Ultra binary resides :
0079
0080 ./Ultra "macro name" for running in batch mode
0081
0082 ./Ultra for running in interative mode.
0083 The macro VisDirect.mac is executed.
0084
0085 Several macros are available for interactive visualisation.
0086 While in interactive mode type the command
0087 /control/execute "name_of_macro",
0088 where "name_of_macro" is one of the following:
0089
0090 Direct.mac - a beam of photons is shot directly to the telescope.
0091 Mirror.mac - the beam is directed to a specular reflecing surface
0092 Ground.mac - the beam is directed to a diffusively reflecting surface
0093
0094 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
0095 ----> Simulation output
0096
0097 the output is ultra.root
0098 It contains:
0099 1)1Dhistogram with the detected photons energy (eV)
0100 2)1Dhistogram with the number of detected photons per event
0101
0102
0103 To plot these histograms run the ROOT macro 'do_plots.C' :
0104 > root do_plots.C
0105 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
0106
0107 for comments and questions: bernardo@lip.pt
0108 for more info http://www.ge.infn.it/geant4/examples/
0109
0110 last modified: B. Tome 08/11/2019
0111 created by : B. Tome and M.C. Espirito Santo 20/05/2004
