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 // This file is part of the ACTS project.
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ACTS project
 //
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Acts/Definitions/Algebra.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Definitions/TrackParametrization.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/SubspaceHelpers.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/Types.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/GeometryIdentifier.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/Iterator.hpp"
 #include "ActsExamples/EventData/GeometryContainers.hpp"
 #include "ActsExamples/EventData/IndexSourceLink.hpp"
 #include "ActsExamples/EventData/MeasurementConcept.hpp"
 #include "ActsExamples/EventData/SimParticle.hpp"
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <boost/container/static_vector.hpp>
 
 namespace ActsExamples {
 
 template <typename Derived, std::size_t FullSize, bool ReadOnly>
 class MeasurementProxyBase;
 template <std::size_t FullSize, std::size_t Size, bool ReadOnly>
 class FixedMeasurementProxy;
 template <std::size_t FullSize, bool ReadOnly>
 class VariableMeasurementProxy;
 
 template <std::size_t Size>
 using FixedBoundMeasurementProxy =
     FixedMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, Size, false>;
 template <std::size_t Size>
 using ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy =
     FixedMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, Size, true>;
 using VariableBoundMeasurementProxy =
     VariableMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, false>;
 using ConstVariableBoundMeasurementProxy =
     VariableMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, true>;
 
 /// @brief A container to store and access measurements
 ///
 /// This container stores measurements of different sizes and provides
 /// access to them through fixed-size and variable-size proxies.
 ///
 /// The measurements are stored densely in a flat buffer and the proxies
 /// provide access to the individual measurements.
 class MeasurementContainer {
  public:
   using size_type = std::size_t;
   using Index = size_type;
   template <std::size_t Size>
   using FixedProxy = FixedMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, Size, false>;
   template <std::size_t Size>
   using ConstFixedProxy = FixedMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, Size, true>;
   using VariableProxy = VariableMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, false>;
   using ConstVariableProxy = VariableMeasurementProxy<Acts::eBoundSize, true>;
   using OrderedIndices = GeometryIdMultiset<IndexSourceLink>;
 
   MeasurementContainer();
 
   /// @brief Get the number of measurements
   /// @return The number of measurements
   std::size_t size() const;
 
   /// @brief Reserve space for a number of measurements
   /// @param size The number of measurements to reserve space for
   void reserve(std::size_t size);
 
   /// @brief Add a measurement of a given size
   /// @param size The size of the measurement
   /// @param geometryId The geometry identifier of the measurement surface
   /// @return The index of the added measurement
   Index addMeasurement(std::uint8_t size, Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId);
 
   /// @brief Get a variable-size measurement proxy
   /// @param index The index of the measurement
   /// @return The variable-size measurement proxy
   VariableProxy at(Index index);
   /// @brief Get a const variable-size measurement proxy
   /// @param index The index of the measurement
   /// @return The const variable-size measurement proxy
   ConstVariableProxy at(Index index) const;
 
   /// @brief Get a variable-size measurement proxy
   /// @param index The index of the measurement
   /// @return The variable-size measurement proxy
   VariableProxy getMeasurement(Index index);
   /// @brief Get a const variable-size measurement proxy
   /// @param index The index of the measurement
   /// @return The const variable-size measurement proxy
   ConstVariableProxy getMeasurement(Index index) const;
 
   /// @brief Get a fixed-size measurement proxy
   /// @tparam Size The size of the measurement
   /// @param index The index of the measurement
   /// @return The fixed-size measurement proxy
   template <std::size_t Size>
   FixedProxy<Size> getMeasurement(Index index) {
     return FixedProxy<Size>{*this, index};
   }
   /// @brief Get a const fixed-size measurement proxy
   /// @tparam Size The size of the measurement
   /// @param index The index of the measurement
   /// @return The const fixed-size measurement proxy
   template <std::size_t Size>
   ConstFixedProxy<Size> getMeasurement(Index index) const {
     return ConstFixedProxy<Size>{*this, index};
   }
 
   /// @brief Make a measurement of a given size
   /// @param size The size of the measurement
   /// @param geometryId The geometry identifier of the measurement surface
   /// @return The variable-size measurement proxy
   VariableProxy makeMeasurement(std::uint8_t size,
                                 Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId);
   /// @brief Make a fixed-size measurement
   /// @tparam Size The size of the measurement
   /// @param geometryId The geometry identifier of the measurement surface
   /// @return The fixed-size measurement proxy
   template <std::size_t Size>
   FixedProxy<Size> makeMeasurement(Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId) {
     return getMeasurement<Size>(addMeasurement(Size, geometryId));
   }
 
   template <MeasurementConcept OtherDerived>
   VariableProxy copyMeasurement(const OtherDerived& other);
   template <MeasurementConcept OtherDerived, std::size_t Size>
   FixedProxy<Size> copyMeasurement(const OtherDerived& other);
 
   template <typename... Args>
   VariableProxy emplaceMeasurement(std::uint8_t size,
                                    Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId,
                                    Args&&... args);
 
   template <std::size_t Size, typename... Args>
   FixedProxy<Size> emplaceMeasurement(Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId,
                                       Args&&... args);
 
   const OrderedIndices& orderedIndices() const;
 
   using iterator =
       Acts::ContainerIndexIterator<MeasurementContainer, VariableProxy, false>;
   using const_iterator =
       Acts::ContainerIndexIterator<const MeasurementContainer,
                                    ConstVariableProxy, true>;
 
   iterator begin();
   iterator end();
   const_iterator begin() const;
   const_iterator end() const;
   const_iterator cbegin() const;
   const_iterator cend() const;
 
  public:
   struct MeasurementEntry {
     std::size_t subspaceIndexOffset{};
     std::size_t parameterOffset{};
     std::size_t covarianceOffset{};
     std::uint8_t size{};
   };
 
   std::vector<MeasurementEntry> m_entries;
 
   std::vector<Acts::GeometryIdentifier> m_geometryIds;
   std::vector<std::uint8_t> m_subspaceIndices;
   std::vector<double> m_parameters;
   std::vector<double> m_covariances;
 
   OrderedIndices m_orderedIndices;
 };
 
 /// @brief Base class for measurement proxies
 ///
 /// This class provides common functionality for fixed-size and variable-size
 /// measurement proxies.
 ///
 /// @tparam Derived The derived measurement proxy class
 /// @tparam FullSize The full size of the measurement
 /// @tparam ReadOnly Whether the proxy is read-only
 template <typename Derived, std::size_t FullSize, bool ReadOnly>
 class MeasurementProxyBase {
  public:
   using Index = MeasurementContainer::Index;
   using SubspaceIndex = std::uint8_t;
   using Scalar = double;
 
   using FullVector = Acts::ActsVector<FullSize>;
   using FullSquareMatrix = Acts::ActsSquareMatrix<FullSize>;
 
   using Container = std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, const MeasurementContainer,
                                        MeasurementContainer>;
 
   MeasurementProxyBase(Container& container_, Index index_)
       : m_container(&container_), m_index(index_) {}
   template <typename OtherDerived, bool OtherReadOnly>
   explicit MeasurementProxyBase(
       const MeasurementProxyBase<OtherDerived, FullSize, OtherReadOnly>& other)
     requires(ReadOnly == OtherReadOnly || ReadOnly)
       : m_container(&other.container()), m_index(other.index()) {}
 
   /// @brief Get the container of the measurement
   /// @return The container of the measurement
   Container& container() const { return *m_container; }
   /// @brief Get the index of the measurement
   /// @return The index of the measurement
   Index index() const { return m_index; }
 
   /// @brief Get the size of the measurement
   /// @return The size of the measurement
   std::size_t size() const { return container().m_entries.at(m_index).size; }
 
   /// @brief Check if the measurement contains a subspace index
   /// @param i The subspace index
   /// @return True if the measurement contains the subspace index
   template <typename indices_t>
   bool contains(indices_t i) const {
     return self().subspaceHelper().contains(i);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the index of a subspace index in the measurement
   /// @param i The subspace index
   /// @return The index of the subspace index in the measurement
   template <typename indices_t>
   std::size_t indexOf(indices_t i) const {
     return self().subspaceHelper().indexOf(i);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the geometry ID of the measurement
   /// @return The geometry ID
   Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId() const {
     return container().m_geometryIds.at(m_index);
   }
 
   /// @brief Set the subspace indices of the measurement
   /// @param indices The subspace indices
   template <typename IndexContainer>
   void setSubspaceIndices(const IndexContainer& indices)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(Acts::checkSubspaceIndices(indices, FullSize, size()) &&
            "Invalid indices");
     std::transform(indices.begin(), indices.end(),
                    self().subspaceIndexVector().begin(),
                    [](auto index) { return static_cast<Index>(index); });
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the measurement as a full-size vector
   /// @return The full-size measurement vector
   FullVector fullParameters() const {
     return self().subspaceHelper().expandVector(self().parameters());
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the covariance as a full-size square matrix
   /// @return The full-size covariance matrix
   FullSquareMatrix fullCovariance() const {
     return self().subspaceHelper().expandMatrix(self().covariance());
   }
 
   /// @brief Construct the measurement from a subspace vector,
   /// parameters, and covariance.
   ///
   template <typename Subspace, typename ParameterDerived,
             typename CovarianceDerived>
   void fill(Subspace&& subspace,
             const Eigen::DenseBase<ParameterDerived>& parameters,
             const Eigen::DenseBase<CovarianceDerived>& covariance)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     self().setSubspaceIndices(std::forward<Subspace>(subspace));
     self().parameters() = parameters;
     self().covariance() = covariance;
   }
 
   /// @brief Construct the measurement from a subspace vector,
   /// parameters, and covariance.
   ///
   template <MeasurementConcept OtherDerived>
   void fill(const OtherDerived& other)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(size() == other.size() && "Size mismatch");
     fill(other.subspaceIndexVector(), other.parameters(), other.covariance());
   }
 
   /// @brief Copy the data from another measurement
   /// @tparam OtherDerived The derived measurement proxy class of the other
   ///         measurement
   /// @param other The other measurement proxy
   template <typename OtherDerived>
   void copyFrom(const OtherDerived& other)
     requires(!ReadOnly) && requires {
       { this->fill(other) };
     }
   {
     fill(other);
   }
 
  protected:
   Derived& self() { return static_cast<Derived&>(*this); }
   const Derived& self() const { return static_cast<const Derived&>(*this); }
 
   Container* m_container;
   Index m_index;
 };
 
 /// @brief Fixed-size measurement proxy
 ///
 /// This class provides access to a fixed-size measurement in a measurement
 /// container.
 ///
 /// @tparam FullSize The full size of the measurement
 /// @tparam Size The size of the measurement
 /// @tparam ReadOnly Whether the proxy is read-only
 template <std::size_t FullSize, std::size_t Size, bool ReadOnly>
 class FixedMeasurementProxy
     : public MeasurementProxyBase<
           FixedMeasurementProxy<FullSize, Size, ReadOnly>, FullSize, ReadOnly> {
  public:
   using Base =
       MeasurementProxyBase<FixedMeasurementProxy<FullSize, Size, ReadOnly>,
                            FullSize, ReadOnly>;
   using Index = typename Base::Index;
   using SubspaceIndex = typename Base::SubspaceIndex;
   using Scalar = typename Base::Scalar;
   using Container = typename Base::Container;
 
   using SubspaceHelper = Acts::FixedSubspaceHelper<FullSize, Size>;
 
   using SubspaceVector = Eigen::Matrix<SubspaceIndex, Size, 1>;
   using SubspaceVectorMap =
       std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, Eigen::Map<const SubspaceVector>,
                          Eigen::Map<SubspaceVector>>;
 
   using ParametersVector = Eigen::Matrix<Scalar, Size, 1>;
   using ParametersVectorMap =
       std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, Eigen::Map<const ParametersVector>,
                          Eigen::Map<ParametersVector>>;
 
   using CovarianceMatrix = Eigen::Matrix<Scalar, Size, Size>;
   using CovarianceMatrixMap =
       std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, Eigen::Map<const CovarianceMatrix>,
                          Eigen::Map<CovarianceMatrix>>;
 
   FixedMeasurementProxy(Container& container_, Index index_)
       : Base(container_, index_) {
     assert(container().m_entries.at(index()).size == Size && "Size mismatch");
   }
   template <typename OtherDerived, bool OtherReadOnly>
   explicit FixedMeasurementProxy(
       const MeasurementProxyBase<OtherDerived, FullSize, OtherReadOnly>& other)
     requires(ReadOnly == OtherReadOnly || ReadOnly)
       : Base(other) {
     assert(container().m_entries.at(index()).size == Size && "Size mismatch");
   }
 
   using Base::container;
   using Base::index;
 
   /// @brief Get the size of the measurement
   /// @return The size of the measurement
   static constexpr std::size_t size() { return Size; }
 
   /// @brief Get the subspace helper for the measurement
   /// @return The subspace helper
   SubspaceHelper subspaceHelper() const {
     return SubspaceHelper{subspaceIndexVector()};
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the subspace indices of the measurement
   /// @return The subspace indices
   Acts::SubspaceIndices<Size> subspaceIndices() const {
     return subspaceHelper().indices();
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the subspace index vector of the measurement
   /// @return The subspace index vector
   SubspaceVectorMap subspaceIndexVector() const {
     return SubspaceVectorMap{
         container().m_subspaceIndices.data() +
         container().m_entries.at(index()).subspaceIndexOffset};
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the parameters of the measurement
   /// @return The parameters
   ParametersVectorMap parameters() const {
     return ParametersVectorMap{
         container().m_parameters.data() +
         container().m_entries.at(index()).parameterOffset};
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the covariance of the measurement
   /// @return The covariance
   CovarianceMatrixMap covariance() const {
     return CovarianceMatrixMap{
         container().m_covariances.data() +
         container().m_entries.at(index()).covarianceOffset};
   }
 };
 
 /// @brief Variable-size measurement proxy
 ///
 /// This class provides access to a variable-size measurement in a measurement
 /// container.
 ///
 /// @tparam FullSize The full size of the measurement
 /// @tparam ReadOnly Whether the proxy is read-only
 template <std::size_t FullSize, bool ReadOnly>
 class VariableMeasurementProxy
     : public MeasurementProxyBase<VariableMeasurementProxy<FullSize, ReadOnly>,
                                   FullSize, ReadOnly> {
  public:
   using Base =
       MeasurementProxyBase<VariableMeasurementProxy<FullSize, ReadOnly>,
                            FullSize, ReadOnly>;
   using Index = typename Base::Index;
   using SubspaceIndex = typename Base::SubspaceIndex;
   using Scalar = typename Base::Scalar;
   using Container = typename Base::Container;
 
   using SubspaceHelper = Acts::VariableSubspaceHelper<FullSize>;
 
   using SubspaceVector = Eigen::Matrix<SubspaceIndex, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>;
   using SubspaceVectorMap =
       std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, Eigen::Map<const SubspaceVector>,
                          Eigen::Map<SubspaceVector>>;
 
   using ParametersVector = Eigen::Matrix<Scalar, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>;
   using ParametersVectorMap =
       std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, Eigen::Map<const ParametersVector>,
                          Eigen::Map<ParametersVector>>;
 
   using CovarianceMatrix =
       Eigen::Matrix<Scalar, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic>;
   using CovarianceMatrixMap =
       std::conditional_t<ReadOnly, Eigen::Map<const CovarianceMatrix>,
                          Eigen::Map<CovarianceMatrix>>;
 
   VariableMeasurementProxy(Container& container_, Index index_)
       : Base(container_, index_) {}
   template <typename OtherDerived, bool OtherReadOnly>
   explicit VariableMeasurementProxy(
       const MeasurementProxyBase<OtherDerived, FullSize, OtherReadOnly>& other)
     requires(ReadOnly == OtherReadOnly || ReadOnly)
       : Base(other) {}
 
   using Base::container;
   using Base::index;
 
   /// @brief Get the subspace helper for the measurement
   /// @return The subspace helper
   SubspaceHelper subspaceHelper() const {
     return SubspaceHelper{subspaceIndexVector()};
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the subspace indices of the measurement
   /// @return The subspace indices
   SubspaceVectorMap subspaceIndexVector() const {
     const auto size = static_cast<Eigen::Index>(this->size());
     return SubspaceVectorMap{
         container().m_subspaceIndices.data() +
             container().m_entries.at(index()).subspaceIndexOffset,
         size};
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the parameters of the measurement
   /// @return The parameters
   ParametersVectorMap parameters() const {
     const auto size = static_cast<Eigen::Index>(this->size());
     return ParametersVectorMap{
         container().m_parameters.data() +
             container().m_entries.at(index()).parameterOffset,
         size};
   }
 
   /// @brief Get the covariance of the measurement
   /// @return The covariance
   CovarianceMatrixMap covariance() const {
     const auto size = static_cast<Eigen::Index>(this->size());
     return CovarianceMatrixMap{
         container().m_covariances.data() +
             container().m_entries.at(index()).covarianceOffset,
         size, size};
   }
 };
 
 template <MeasurementConcept OtherDerived>
 MeasurementContainer::VariableProxy MeasurementContainer::copyMeasurement(
     const OtherDerived& other) {
   VariableProxy meas = makeMeasurement(other.size(), other.geometryId());
   meas.copyFrom(other);
   return meas;
 }
 
 template <MeasurementConcept OtherDerived, std::size_t Size>
 MeasurementContainer::FixedProxy<Size> MeasurementContainer::copyMeasurement(
     const OtherDerived& other) {
   FixedProxy<Size> meas = makeMeasurement<Size>(other.geometryId());
   meas.copyFrom(other);
   return meas;
 }
 
 template <typename... Args>
 MeasurementContainer::VariableProxy MeasurementContainer::emplaceMeasurement(
     std::uint8_t size, Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId, Args&&... args) {
   VariableProxy meas = makeMeasurement(size, geometryId);
 
   meas.fill(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 
   return meas;
 }
 
 template <std::size_t Size, typename... Args>
 MeasurementContainer::FixedProxy<Size> MeasurementContainer::emplaceMeasurement(
     Acts::GeometryIdentifier geometryId, Args&&... args) {
   FixedProxy<Size> meas = makeMeasurement<Size>(geometryId);
 
   meas.fill(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 
   return meas;
 }
 
 static_assert(
     std::random_access_iterator<MeasurementContainer::iterator> &&
     std::random_access_iterator<MeasurementContainer::const_iterator>);
 
 using MeasurementSimHitsMap = IndexMultimap<Index>;
 using MeasurementParticlesMap = IndexMultimap<SimBarcode>;
 
 using SimHitMeasurementsMap = InverseMultimap<Index>;
 using ParticleMeasurementsMap = InverseMultimap<SimBarcode>;
 
 }  // namespace ActsExamples

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