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 // This file is part of the ACTS project.
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ACTS project
 //
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 #pragma once
 
 /// @note This file is foreseen for the `Geometry` module to replace `Extent`
 
 #include "Acts/Definitions/Algebra.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/AxisDefinitions.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/Enumerate.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/Helpers.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/RangeXD.hpp"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <bitset>
 #include <optional>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace Acts {
 
 /// @brief Type alias for envelope values in different directions
 /// @details Stores the envelope values for both positive and negative directions
 using Envelope = std::array<double, 2>;
 
 /// Zero envelope constant for no extension
 constexpr Envelope zeroEnvelope = {0, 0};
 
 /// This struct models a multi-dimensional enveloper along the axis directions
 struct ExtentEnvelope {
   /// Access a single envelope configuration
   /// @param aDir the axis definition
   /// @return the envelope
   Envelope& operator[](AxisDirection aDir) {
     return m_values.at(toUnderlying(aDir));
   }
 
   /// Access a single envelope configuration
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @return the envelope
   const Envelope& operator[](AxisDirection aDir) const {
     return m_values.at(toUnderlying(aDir));
   }
 
   /// Constructor from a single envelope that is assigned to all values
   /// @param envelope the envelope to be assigned
   explicit ExtentEnvelope(const Envelope& envelope = zeroEnvelope) {
     for (auto& val : m_values) {
       val = envelope;
     }
   }
 
   /// Setter that allows for method chaining
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @param envelope the envelope to be set
   /// @return a reference to the envelope for chaining
   ExtentEnvelope& set(AxisDirection aDir, const Envelope& envelope) {
     m_values[toUnderlying(aDir)] = envelope;
     return *this;
   }
 
   /// Static factory for a zero envelope
   /// @return the zero envelope
   constexpr static ExtentEnvelope Zero() {
     return ExtentEnvelope{{
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
         zeroEnvelope,
     }};
   }
 
   /// Helper struct for designated initializer construction
   struct Arguments {
     /// Envelope for x-coordinate direction
     Envelope x = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for y-coordinate direction
     Envelope y = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for z-coordinate direction
     Envelope z = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for radial coordinate direction
     Envelope r = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for azimuthal angle direction
     Envelope phi = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for r*phi coordinate direction
     Envelope rPhi = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for polar angle direction
     Envelope theta = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for pseudorapidity direction
     Envelope eta = zeroEnvelope;
     /// Envelope for magnitude direction
     Envelope mag = zeroEnvelope;
   };
 
   /// Constructor using a helper struct for designated initializaion
   /// @param args the arguments
   constexpr explicit ExtentEnvelope(Arguments&& args) {
     using enum AxisDirection;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisX)] = args.x;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisY)] = args.y;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisZ)] = args.z;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisR)] = args.r;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisPhi)] = args.phi;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisTheta)] = args.theta;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisEta)] = args.eta;
     m_values[toUnderlying(AxisMag)] = args.mag;
   }
 
   /// Comparison operator between envelope sets
   /// @param lhs the left hand side
   /// @param rhs the right hand side
   /// @return true if the envelopes are equal
   friend bool operator==(const ExtentEnvelope& lhs, const ExtentEnvelope& rhs) {
     return lhs.m_values == rhs.m_values;
   }
 
  private:
   std::array<Envelope, numAxisDirections()> m_values{};
 };
 
 /// A class representing the geometric extent of an object in its possible
 /// dimensions, these can be all dimensions that are described as AxisDirections
 ///
 /// The extent object can have an optional envelope in all of those values
 /// @note that the consistency of the different envelopes is not checked
 ///
 class Extent {
  public:
   /// Constructor with (optional) @param envelope
   explicit Extent(const ExtentEnvelope& envelope = ExtentEnvelope::Zero());
 
   /// Define a comparison operator
   /// @param e The extent to compare with
   /// @return True if the extents are equal, false otherwise
   bool operator==(const Extent& e) const;
 
   /// Extend with a position vertex
   ///
   /// @param vtx the vertex to be used for extending
   /// @param aDirs the axis directions
   /// @param applyEnv boolean to steer if envelope should be applied
   /// @param fillHistograms is a boolean flag to steer whether the values
   ///        to fill this extent should be stored
   void extend(const Vector3& vtx,
               const std::vector<AxisDirection>& aDirs = allAxisDirections(),
               bool applyEnv = true, bool fillHistograms = false);
 
   /// Extend with a set of vectors by iterators
   ///
   /// @param start the start iterator of the loop
   /// @param end the end iterator of the loop
   /// @param aDirs the axis directions
   /// @param applyEnv boolean to steer if envelope should be applied
   /// @param fillHistograms is a boolean flag to steer whether the values
   ///        to fill this extent should be stored
   template <typename vector_iterator_t>
   void extend(const vector_iterator_t& start, const vector_iterator_t& end,
               const std::vector<AxisDirection>& aDirs = allAxisDirections(),
               bool applyEnv = true, bool fillHistograms = false) {
     for (vector_iterator_t vIt = start; vIt < end; ++vIt) {
       extend(*vIt, aDirs, applyEnv, fillHistograms);
     }
   }
 
   /// Extend with another geometric extent, usually pushes the
   /// current range to the boundaries of the rhs extent,
   /// unless the current extent is already bigger.
   ///
   /// @note the extent can also simply set an envelope
   /// which then is applied to the current one
   ///
   /// @param rhs is the other source Extent
   /// @param aDirs the axis directions
   /// @param applyEnv boolean to steer if envelope should be applied
   ///        on the constraint values, if only an envelope is given
   ///        but the value not constraint, then it is always applied
   ///
   /// @note that the histogram values can not be filled in this call
   void extend(const Extent& rhs,
               const std::vector<AxisDirection>& aDirs = allAxisDirections(),
               bool applyEnv = true);
 
   /// Constrain an extent by another one, this is
   /// - values that are already constrained are not touched
   /// - values not constrained by @param rhs are not touched
   /// - values that are constrained by the external one, but not
   /// by the current one, are touched
   ///
   /// @param envelope an envelope applied to the constrained value
   void addConstrain(const Extent& rhs,
                     const ExtentEnvelope& envelope = ExtentEnvelope::Zero());
 
   /// Set a range for a dedicated binning value
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @param min the minimum parameter
   /// @param max the maximum parameter
   void set(AxisDirection aDir, double min, double max);
 
   /// Set a min value for a dedicated binning value
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @param min the minimum parameter
   void setMin(AxisDirection aDir, double min);
 
   /// Set a max value for a dedicated binning value
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @param max the maximum parameter
   void setMax(AxisDirection aDir, double max);
 
   /// (re-)Set the envelope
   ///
   /// @param envelope new envelope to be set
   void setEnvelope(const ExtentEnvelope& envelope = ExtentEnvelope::Zero());
 
   /// Return the individual 1-dimensional range
   ///
   /// @param aDir is the axis direction to be returned
   ///
   /// @return a one dimensional arrange
   auto range(AxisDirection aDir) { return m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)]; }
 
   /// Return the individual 1-dimensional range
   ///
   /// @param aDir is the axis direction to be returned
   ///
   /// @return a one dimensional arrange
   Range1D<double> range(AxisDirection aDir) const;
 
   /// Return the N-dimension range
   /// @return Reference to the complete multi-dimensional range
   const RangeXD<numAxisDirections(), double>& range() const;
 
   /// Return an D-dimensional sub range according to the
   /// the given binvalues
   /// @tparam kSUBDIM the number of sub dimensions
   /// @param axisDirections the axis directions
   /// @return the sub range
   template <unsigned int kSUBDIM>
   RangeXD<kSUBDIM, double> range(
       const std::array<AxisDirection, kSUBDIM>& axisDirections) const {
     RangeXD<kSUBDIM, double> rRange;
     for (auto [i, v] : enumerate(axisDirections)) {
       rRange[i] = range(v);
     }
     return rRange;
   }
 
   /// Return the envelope - non-const access
   /// @return Reference to the envelope for modification
   ExtentEnvelope& envelope();
 
   /// Return the envelope - const access
   /// @return Const reference to the envelope
   const ExtentEnvelope& envelope() const;
 
   /// Return the histogram store
   ///
   /// The histogram store can be used for automated binning detection
   const std::array<std::vector<double>, numAxisDirections()>& valueHistograms()
       const;
 
   /// Access the minimum parameter
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @return Minimum value along the specified axis direction
   double min(AxisDirection aDir) const {
     return m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)].min();
   }
 
   /// Access the maximum parameter
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @return Maximum value along the specified axis direction
   double max(AxisDirection aDir) const {
     return m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)].max();
   }
 
   /// Access the midpoint
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @return Midpoint value along the specified axis direction
   double medium(AxisDirection aDir) const {
     return 0.5 * (m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)].min() +
                   m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)].max());
   }
 
   /// Access the parameter interval (i.e. the range span)
   ///
   /// @param aDir the axis direction
   /// @return Interval size along the specified axis direction
   double interval(AxisDirection aDir) const {
     return m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)].size();
   }
 
   /// Contains check
   ///
   /// @param rhs the extent that is check if it is contained
   /// @param aDir is the axis direction, if set to nullopt
   ///               the check on all is done
   ///
   /// @return true if the rhs is contained
   bool contains(const Extent& rhs,
                 std::optional<AxisDirection> aDir = std::nullopt) const;
 
   /// Contains check for a single point
   ///
   /// @param vtx the point that is check if it is contained
   ///
   /// @return true if the rhs is contained
   bool contains(const Vector3& vtx) const;
 
   /// Intersection checks
   ///
   /// @param rhs the extent that is check for intersection
   /// @param aDir is the axis direction, if set to nulloptr
   ///               the check on all is done
   ///
   /// @return true if the rhs intersects
   bool intersects(const Extent& rhs,
                   std::optional<AxisDirection> aDir = std::nullopt) const;
 
   /// Check if this object constrains a given direction
   ///
   /// @param aDir is the axis direction
   /// @return True if the specified axis direction is constrained, false otherwise
   bool constrains(AxisDirection aDir) const;
 
   /// Check if this object constrains any direction
   /// @return True if any axis direction is constrained, false otherwise
   bool constrains() const;
 
   /// Convert to output stream for screen output
   ///
   /// @param indent indentation for the screen display
   /// @return String representation of the extent
   std::string toString(const std::string& indent = "") const;
 
  private:
   /// A bitset that remembers the constraint values
   std::bitset<numAxisDirections()> m_constrains{0};
   /// The actual range store
   RangeXD<numAxisDirections(), double> m_range;
   /// A potential envelope
   ExtentEnvelope m_envelope = ExtentEnvelope::Zero();
   /// (Optional) Value histograms for bin detection
   std::array<std::vector<double>, numAxisDirections()> m_valueHistograms;
 };
 
 inline Range1D<double> Acts::Extent::range(AxisDirection aDir) const {
   return m_range[toUnderlying(aDir)];
 }
 
 inline const RangeXD<numAxisDirections(), double>& Extent::range() const {
   return m_range;
 }
 
 inline ExtentEnvelope& Extent::envelope() {
   return m_envelope;
 }
 
 inline const ExtentEnvelope& Extent::envelope() const {
   return m_envelope;
 }
 
 /// Return the value histograms
 /// @return Reference to the value histograms array
 inline const std::array<std::vector<double>, numAxisDirections()>&
 Extent::valueHistograms() const {
   return m_valueHistograms;
 }
 
 /// Overload of << operator for std::ostream for debug output
 /// @param sl Output stream
 /// @param rhs Extent to output
 /// @return Reference to output stream
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& sl, const Extent& rhs);
 
 }  // namespace Acts

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