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 // This file is part of the ACTS project.
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ACTS project
 //
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Acts/Geometry/BlueprintNode.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/BlueprintOptions.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/PortalShell.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/TrackingVolume.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/VolumeAttachmentStrategy.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/VolumeResizeStrategy.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Geometry/VolumeStack.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/AxisDefinitions.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/GraphViz.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/Logger.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/ThrowAssert.hpp"
 
 #include <map>
 
 namespace Acts::Experimental {
 
 /// @class ContainerBlueprintNode
 ///
 /// A blueprint node that can contain multiple child volumes. It is responsible
 /// for managing the child volumes and their shells. The child volumes can be
 /// either gap volumes or volumes from child nodes.
 ///
 /// The container node is responsible for:
 /// 1. Managing the child volumes and their shells
 /// 2. Creating gap volumes between child volumes
 /// 3. Collecting shells from child nodes and gap volumes
 /// 4. Building the volume stack
 ///
 /// The container node is an abstract base class. Derived classes must
 /// implement:
 /// 1. makeStack - to create the appropriate volume stack
 /// 2. typeName - to provide the type name for debug output
 ///
 class ContainerBlueprintNode : public BlueprintNode {
  public:
   /// Main constructor for the container node.
   /// @param name The name of the node (for debug only)
   /// @param axis The stacking axis direction in local reference frame
   /// @param attachmentStrategy The attachment strategy for the stack
   /// @param resizeStrategy The resize strategy for the stack
   ContainerBlueprintNode(
       const std::string& name, AxisDirection axis,
       VolumeAttachmentStrategy attachmentStrategy =
           VolumeAttachmentStrategy::Midpoint,
       VolumeResizeStrategy resizeStrategy = VolumeResizeStrategy::Expand);
 
   /// Main constructor for the container node.
   /// @param name The name of the node (for debug only)
   /// @param axis The stacking axis direction in local reference frame
   /// @param attachmentStrategy The attachment strategy for the stack
   /// @param resizeStrategies The resize strategies for the stack
   ContainerBlueprintNode(
       const std::string& name, AxisDirection axis,
       VolumeAttachmentStrategy attachmentStrategy,
       std::pair<VolumeResizeStrategy, VolumeResizeStrategy> resizeStrategies);
 
   /// @copydoc BlueprintNode::name
   const std::string& name() const override;
 
   /// This participates in the construction of the geometry via the blueprint
   /// tree. The steps are approximately as follows:
   /// -# Collect all child volumes
   /// -# Package them into a VolumeStack (cuboid or cylinder), which performs
   ///    sizing and/or gap creation
   /// -# Return the VolumeStack as a volume up the tree
   ///
   /// @param options The global blueprint options
   /// @param gctx The geometry context (nominal usually)
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   /// @return The combined VolumeStack
   Volume& build(const Experimental::BlueprintOptions& options,
                 const GeometryContext& gctx,
                 const Logger& logger = Acts::getDummyLogger()) override;
 
   /// This participates in the construction of the geometry via the blueprint
   /// tree. The steps are approximately as follows:
   /// -# Register portals created for gap volumes, as they're not handled by
   ///    dedicated nodes
   /// -# Register gap volumes in the @p parent volume
   /// -# Create a configured @ref Acts::INavigationPolicy for the gap
   /// -# Call `finalize` on all children while passing through @p parent.
   ///
   /// @param options The global blueprint options
   /// @param gctx The geometry context (nominal usually)
   /// @param parent The parent volume
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   void finalize(const Experimental::BlueprintOptions& options,
                 const GeometryContext& gctx, TrackingVolume& parent,
                 const Logger& logger) override;
 
   /// Setter for the stacking direction
   /// @param direction The stacking direction
   /// @return This node for chaining
   ContainerBlueprintNode& setDirection(AxisDirection direction);
 
   /// Setter for the attachment strategy
   /// @param attachmentStrategy The attachment strategy
   /// @return This node for chaining
   ContainerBlueprintNode& setAttachmentStrategy(
       VolumeAttachmentStrategy attachmentStrategy);
 
   /// Setter for the resize strategy
   /// @param resizeStrategy The resize strategy
   /// @note @p resizeStrategy is used for both sides of the container
   /// @return This node for chaining
   ContainerBlueprintNode& setResizeStrategy(
       VolumeResizeStrategy resizeStrategy);
 
   /// Setter for the resize strategies
   /// @param inner The inner resize strategy
   /// @param outer The outer resize strategy
   /// @return This node for chaining
   ContainerBlueprintNode& setResizeStrategies(VolumeResizeStrategy inner,
                                               VolumeResizeStrategy outer);
 
   /// Accessor to the stacking direction
   /// @return The stacking direction
   AxisDirection direction() const;
 
   /// Accessor to the attachment strategy
   /// @return The attachment strategy
   VolumeAttachmentStrategy attachmentStrategy() const;
 
   /// Accessor to the resize strategies
   /// @return The resize strategies
   std::pair<VolumeResizeStrategy, VolumeResizeStrategy> resizeStrategies()
       const;
 
   /// @copydoc BlueprintNode::addToGraphviz
   void addToGraphviz(std::ostream& os) const override;
 
  protected:
   /// Make the volume stack for the container. This is called by the build
   /// method and is implemented by the derived classes.
   /// @param gctx The current geometry context object, e.g. alignment
   /// @param volumes The volumes to stack
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   /// @return The volume stack
   virtual std::unique_ptr<VolumeStack> makeStack(const GeometryContext& gctx,
                                                  std::vector<Volume*>& volumes,
                                                  const Logger& logger) = 0;
 
   /// Get the type name of the container. This is used for the debug output
   /// of the container and encoding the volume shape in the dot graph.
   /// @return The type name
   virtual const std::string& typeName() const = 0;
 
   /// Collect shells from child nodes and gap volumes
   ///
   /// This function is responsible for collecting shells from child nodes and
   /// creating shells for gap volumes. It is used by the connect method to
   /// prepare the shells for the volume stack.
   ///
   /// The function processes each volume in m_childVolumes in two ways:
   /// 1. For gap volumes:
   ///    - Creates a TrackingVolume from the gap volume
   ///    - Assigns a unique name (ContainerName::GapN)
   ///    - Creates a single shell for the gap volume
   ///    - Stores both the shell and gap volume in m_gaps for later use
   ///
   /// 2. For child volumes:
   ///    - Looks up the corresponding child node in m_volumeToNode
   ///    - Calls connect() on the child node to get its shell
   ///    - Validates that the shell type matches the expected type
   ///    - Ensures the shell is valid
   ///
   /// The function maintains the order of volumes as they appear in
   /// m_childVolumes, which is important for the final stack shell construction.
   ///
   /// @tparam BaseShell The base shell type (e.g. CylinderPortalShell)
   /// @tparam SingleShell The single shell type (e.g. SingleCylinderPortalShell)
   /// @param options The blueprint options
   /// @param gctx The geometry context
   /// @param stack The volume stack
   /// @param prefix The prefix for debug output
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   /// @return A vector of shells in the same order as m_childVolumes
   template <typename BaseShell, typename SingleShell>
   std::vector<BaseShell*> collectChildShells(
       const Experimental::BlueprintOptions& options,
       const GeometryContext& gctx, VolumeStack& stack,
       const std::string& prefix, const Logger& logger);
 
   /// Implementation of the connect method for container nodes
   ///
   /// This method is responsible for:
   /// 1. Collecting shells from child nodes and gap volumes
   /// 2. Validating that the number of shells matches the number of child
   /// volumes
   /// 3. Ensuring all shells are valid
   /// 4. Creating a merged stack shell from all collected shells
   ///
   /// @tparam BaseShell The base shell type (e.g. CylinderPortalShell)
   /// @tparam SingleShell The single shell type (e.g. SingleCylinderPortalShell)
   /// @tparam ShellStack The stack shell type (e.g. StackCylinderPortalShell)
   /// @param options The blueprint options
   /// @param gctx The geometry context
   /// @param stack The volume stack
   /// @param prefix The prefix for debug output
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   /// @return The merged stack shell
   template <typename BaseShell, typename SingleShell, typename ShellStack>
   PortalShellBase& connectImpl(const Experimental::BlueprintOptions& options,
                                const GeometryContext& gctx, VolumeStack* stack,
                                const std::string& prefix, const Logger& logger);
 
   /// Name of the container node for debugging purposes
   std::string m_name;
   /// Stacking axis direction in local reference frame
   AxisDirection m_direction = AxisDirection::AxisZ;
   /// Volume attachment strategy for connecting volumes in the stack
   VolumeAttachmentStrategy m_attachmentStrategy{
       VolumeAttachmentStrategy::Midpoint};
 
   /// Resize strategies for inner and outer sides of the container
   std::pair<VolumeResizeStrategy, VolumeResizeStrategy> m_resizeStrategies{
       VolumeResizeStrategy::Expand, VolumeResizeStrategy::Expand};
 
   /// Container of child volumes managed by this blueprint node
   std::vector<Volume*> m_childVolumes;
   /// Volume stack instance created by derived classes during build phase
   /// @note This is populated during the build process by makeStack implementations
   std::unique_ptr<VolumeStack> m_stack{nullptr};
   /// Mapping from child volumes to their corresponding blueprint nodes
   std::map<const Volume*, BlueprintNode*> m_volumeToNode;
 
   /// Portal shell representation of this container for geometry connection
   std::unique_ptr<PortalShellBase> m_shell{nullptr};
   /// Container of gap volumes and their portal shells created between child
   /// volumes
   std::vector<std::pair<std::unique_ptr<PortalShellBase>,
                         std::unique_ptr<TrackingVolume>>>
       m_gaps;
 };
 
 /// Container blueprint node stacking cylindrical volumes.
 class CylinderContainerBlueprintNode final : public ContainerBlueprintNode {
  public:
   using ContainerBlueprintNode::ContainerBlueprintNode;
 
   /// This participates in the construction of the geometry via the blueprint
   /// tree. The steps are approximately as follows:
   /// -# Walk through all volumes that were created by the build phase
   /// -# Check if they are: *real* child volumes or gap volumes
   ///   - If gap volume: produce a @ref Acts::TrackingVolume, and wrap it in a single use shell
   ///   - If child volume: locate the right child node it came from, call
   ///   ` connect` and collect the returned shell
   /// -# Produce a combined StackPortalShell (cuboid or cylinder) from all the
   /// shells
   /// -# Return that shell representation
   ///
   /// @param options The global blueprint options
   /// @param gctx The geometry context (nominal usually)
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   /// @return The combined StackPortalShell (cuboid or cylinder)
   PortalShellBase& connect(
       const Experimental::BlueprintOptions& options,
       const GeometryContext& gctx,
       const Logger& logger = Acts::getDummyLogger()) override;
 
   std::unique_ptr<VolumeStack> makeStack(const GeometryContext& gctx,
                                          std::vector<Volume*>& volumes,
                                          const Logger& logger) override;
 
  protected:
   /// @brief Type name for cylinder container
   inline static const std::string s_typeName = "Cylinder";
   const std::string& typeName() const override;
 };
 
 /// Container blueprint node stacking cuboid volumes.
 class CuboidContainerBlueprintNode final : public ContainerBlueprintNode {
  public:
   using ContainerBlueprintNode::ContainerBlueprintNode;
 
   /// This participates in the construction of the geometry via the blueprint
   /// tree. The steps are approximately as follows:
   /// -# Walk through all volumes that were created by the build phase
   /// -# Check if they are: *real* child volumes or gap volumes
   ///   - If gap volume: produce a @ref Acts::TrackingVolume, and wrap it in a single use shell
   ///   - If child volume: locate the right child node it came from, call
   ///   ` connect` and collect the returned shell
   /// -# Produce a combined StackPortalShell (cuboid or cylinder) from all the
   /// shells
   /// -# Return that shell representation
   ///
   /// @param options The global blueprint options
   /// @param gctx The geometry context (nominal usually)
   /// @param logger The logger to use
   /// @return The combined StackPortalShell (cuboid or cylinder)
   PortalShellBase& connect(
       const Experimental::BlueprintOptions& options,
       const GeometryContext& gctx,
       const Logger& logger = Acts::getDummyLogger()) override;
 
   std::unique_ptr<VolumeStack> makeStack(const GeometryContext& gctx,
                                          std::vector<Volume*>& volumes,
                                          const Logger& logger) override;
 
  protected:
   /// @brief Type name for cuboid container
   inline static const std::string s_typeName = "Cuboid";
   const std::string& typeName() const override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace Acts::Experimental

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