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 // This file is part of the ACTS project.
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ACTS project
 //
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Acts/Definitions/TrackParametrization.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/SourceLink.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/SubspaceHelpers.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackStatePropMask.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackStateProxyConcept.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackStateType.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/Types.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Surfaces/Surface.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/EigenConcepts.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/HashedString.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/Helpers.hpp"
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <ranges>
 #include <span>
 
 #include <Eigen/Core>
 
 namespace Acts {
 
 template <typename derived_t>
 class MultiTrajectory;
 
 namespace detail_lt {
 
 /// Either type T or const T depending on the boolean.
 template <typename T, bool select>
 using ConstIf = std::conditional_t<select, const T, T>;
 
 /// Helper type to make a member pointers constness transitive.
 template <typename T>
 class TransitiveConstPointer {
  public:
   TransitiveConstPointer() = default;
   TransitiveConstPointer(T* ptr) : m_ptr{ptr} {}
 
   template <typename U>
   TransitiveConstPointer(const TransitiveConstPointer<U>& other)
       : m_ptr{other.ptr()} {}
 
   template <typename U>
   TransitiveConstPointer& operator=(const TransitiveConstPointer<U>& other) {
     m_ptr = other.m_ptr;
     return *this;
   }
 
   template <typename U>
   bool operator==(const TransitiveConstPointer<U>& other) const {
     return m_ptr == other.m_ptr;
   }
 
   const T* operator->() const { return m_ptr; }
 
   T* operator->() { return m_ptr; }
 
   template <typename U>
   friend class TransitiveConstPointer;
 
   const T& operator*() const { return *m_ptr; }
 
   T& operator*() { return *m_ptr; }
 
  private:
   T* ptr() const { return m_ptr; }
 
   T* m_ptr;
 };
 
 /// Type construction helper for fixed size coefficients and associated
 /// covariances.
 template <std::size_t Size, bool ReadOnlyMaps = true>
 struct FixedSizeTypes {
   constexpr static auto Flags = Eigen::ColMajor | Eigen::AutoAlign;
 
   // single items
   using Coefficients = Eigen::Matrix<double, Size, 1, Flags>;
   using Covariance = Eigen::Matrix<double, Size, Size, Flags>;
   using CoefficientsMap = Eigen::Map<ConstIf<Coefficients, ReadOnlyMaps>>;
   using CovarianceMap = Eigen::Map<ConstIf<Covariance, ReadOnlyMaps>>;
 
   using DynamicCoefficients = Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1, Flags>;
   using DynamicCovariance =
       Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, Flags>;
   using DynamicCoefficientsMap =
       Eigen::Map<ConstIf<DynamicCoefficients, ReadOnlyMaps>>;
   using DynamicCovarianceMap =
       Eigen::Map<ConstIf<DynamicCovariance, ReadOnlyMaps>>;
 };
 
 // Type construction helper for dynamic sized coefficients and associated
 /// covariances.
 template <bool ReadOnlyMaps = true>
 struct DynamicSizeTypes {
   constexpr static auto Flags = Eigen::ColMajor | Eigen::AutoAlign;
 
   using Coefficients = Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, 1, Flags>;
   using Covariance =
       Eigen::Matrix<double, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, Flags>;
   using CoefficientsMap = Eigen::Map<ConstIf<Coefficients, ReadOnlyMaps>>;
   using CovarianceMap = Eigen::Map<ConstIf<Covariance, ReadOnlyMaps>>;
 };
 
 }  // namespace detail_lt
 
 // This is public
 template <std::size_t M, bool ReadOnly = true>
 struct TrackStateTraits {
   using Parameters =
       typename detail_lt::FixedSizeTypes<eBoundSize, ReadOnly>::CoefficientsMap;
   using Covariance =
       typename detail_lt::FixedSizeTypes<eBoundSize, ReadOnly>::CovarianceMap;
   using Calibrated =
       typename detail_lt::FixedSizeTypes<M, ReadOnly>::CoefficientsMap;
   using CalibratedCovariance =
       typename detail_lt::FixedSizeTypes<M, ReadOnly>::CovarianceMap;
   using EffectiveCalibrated =
       typename detail_lt::DynamicSizeTypes<ReadOnly>::CoefficientsMap;
   using EffectiveCalibratedCovariance =
       typename detail_lt::DynamicSizeTypes<ReadOnly>::CovarianceMap;
 };
 
 /// Proxy object to access a single point on the trajectory.
 ///
 /// @tparam SourceLink Type to link back to an original measurement
 /// @tparam M          Maximum number of measurement dimensions
 /// @tparam read_only  true for read-only access to underlying storage
 template <typename trajectory_t, std::size_t M, bool read_only = true>
 class TrackStateProxy {
  public:
   /// Indicates whether this track state proxy is read-only or if it can be
   /// modified
   static constexpr bool ReadOnly = read_only;
 
   /// Alias for an associated const track state proxy, with the same backends
   using ConstProxyType = TrackStateProxy<trajectory_t, M, true>;
 
   /// Map-type for a bound parameter vector. This has reference semantics, i.e.
   /// points at a matrix by an internal pointer.
   using Parameters = typename TrackStateTraits<M, ReadOnly>::Parameters;
 
   /// Same as @ref Parameters, but with const semantics
   using ConstParameters = typename TrackStateTraits<M, true>::Parameters;
 
   /// Map-type for a bound covariance. This has reference semantics, i.e.
   /// points at a matrix by an internal pointer.
   using Covariance = typename TrackStateTraits<M, ReadOnly>::Covariance;
 
   /// Same as @ref Covariance, but with const semantics
   using ConstCovariance = typename TrackStateTraits<M, true>::Covariance;
 
   /// Map-type for a calibrated measurement vector, where the local measurement
   /// dimension is variable.
   template <std::size_t N>
   using Calibrated = typename TrackStateTraits<N, ReadOnly>::Calibrated;
 
   /// Same as @c Calibrated, but with const semantics
   template <std::size_t N>
   using ConstCalibrated = typename TrackStateTraits<N, true>::Calibrated;
 
   /// Map-type for a calibrated measurement covariance matrix, where the local
   /// measurement dimension is variable.
   template <std::size_t N>
   using CalibratedCovariance =
       typename TrackStateTraits<N, ReadOnly>::CalibratedCovariance;
 
   /// Same as @ref CalibratedCovariance, but with const semantics
   template <std::size_t N>
   using ConstCalibratedCovariance =
       typename TrackStateTraits<N, true>::CalibratedCovariance;
 
   /// Map-type for a measurement vector, where the local measurement dimension
   /// is variable.
   using EffectiveCalibrated =
       typename TrackStateTraits<M, ReadOnly>::EffectiveCalibrated;
 
   /// Same as @c EffectiveCalibrated, but with const semantics
   using ConstEffectiveCalibrated =
       typename TrackStateTraits<M, true>::EffectiveCalibrated;
 
   /// Map-type for a measurement covariance matrix, where the local measurement
   /// dimension is variable.
   using EffectiveCalibratedCovariance =
       typename TrackStateTraits<M, ReadOnly>::EffectiveCalibratedCovariance;
 
   /// Same as @ref EffectiveCalibratedCovariance, but with const semantics
   using ConstEffectiveCalibratedCovariance =
       typename TrackStateTraits<M, true>::EffectiveCalibratedCovariance;
 
   /// The index type of the track state container
   using IndexType = TrackIndexType;
 
   /// Sentinel value that indicates an invalid index
   static constexpr IndexType kInvalid = kTrackIndexInvalid;
 
   /// The track state container backend given as a template parameter
   using Trajectory = trajectory_t;
 
   /// @anchor track_state_proxy_construct
   /// @name Constructors and assignment operator
   ///
   /// Public constructors and assignment operators for @c TrackStateProxy only
   /// allow construction from another @c TrackStateProxy. You should generally
   /// not have to construct @c TrackStateProxy manually.
   ///
   /// @{
 
   /// Constructor and assignment operator to construct TrackStateProxy
   /// from mutable
   /// @param other The other TrackStateProxy to construct from
   TrackStateProxy(const TrackStateProxy<Trajectory, M, false>& other)
       : m_traj{other.m_traj}, m_istate{other.m_istate} {}
 
   /// Assignment operator to from mutable @c TrackStateProxy
   /// @param other The other TrackStateProxy to construct from
   /// @return Reference to this TrackStateProxy
   TrackStateProxy& operator=(
       const TrackStateProxy<Trajectory, M, false>& other) {
     m_traj = other.m_traj;
     m_istate = other.m_istate;
 
     return *this;
   }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_state_proxy_props
   /// @name Track state properties
   ///
   /// Properties of the track state represented by @c TrackStateProxy.
   ///
   /// Many of these methods come in a @c const and a non-@c const version. The
   /// non-@c const version is only available if you have an instance of
   /// @c TrackStateProxy that does not have the @c read_only template parameter set to
   /// @c true, even if you hold it as an lvalue.
   ///
   /// The track states each have an index in the track state container. The
   /// sequence of track states is implemented as a one or two-way linked list,
   /// which uses indices into the same container.
   ///
   /// Each track state has a @c previous index, which points at the track state
   /// immediately preceding. A track state with a @c previous index of @c
   /// kInvalid is the first (innermost) track state in a track or track
   /// candidate. This is also referred to as a *stem* at the track level.
   ///
   /// During track finding and fitting, track states are usually appended to the
   /// sequence, populating the @c previous index of the new track state. Combinatorial
   /// track finding can produce track states which fork in this way, by having
   /// more than one track state with the same @c previous index.
   ///
   /// The track states have static, optional and dynamic properties. Static
   /// properties are always present, and can always be retrieved. Optional
   /// components use an extra indirection mechanism that coordinates with the
   /// backend to allow both not having the component set, or sharing it with
   /// other track states. An example is a branching trajectory from track
   /// finding which shares the same predicted parameter vector and associated
   /// covariance.
   ///
   /// Optional components are
   /// - predicted parameters and covariance
   /// - filtered parameters and covariance
   /// - smoothed parameters and covariance
   /// - jacobian
   /// - calibrated measurement info including projector
   ///
   /// They can be unset via @ref unset, @ref getMask can be used to check which
   /// components are present. The first four are shareable between track
   /// states via @ref shareFrom.
   ///
   /// @{
 
   /// Index within the trajectory.
   /// @return the index
   IndexType index() const { return m_istate; }
 
   /// Return the index of the track state `previous` in the track sequence
   /// @return The index of the previous track state.
   IndexType previous() const {
     return component<IndexType, hashString("previous")>();
   }
 
   /// Return a mutable reference to the index of the track state 'previous' in
   /// the track sequence
   /// @note Only available if the track state proxy is not read-only
   /// @return The index of the previous track state.
   IndexType& previous()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return component<IndexType, hashString("previous")>();
   }
 
   /// Return whether this track state has a previous (parent) track state.
   /// @return Boolean indicating whether a previous track state exists
   bool hasPrevious() const {
     return component<IndexType, hashString("previous")>() != kInvalid;
   }
 
   /// Build a mask that represents all the allocated components of this track
   /// state proxy
   /// @return The generated mask
   TrackStatePropMask getMask() const;
 
   /// Unset an optional track state component
   /// @note Only available if the track state proxy is not read-only
   /// @param target The component to unset
   void unset(TrackStatePropMask target)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_traj->self().unset(target, m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Add additional components to the track state
   /// @note Only available if the track state proxy is not read-only
   /// @param mask The bitmask that instructs which components to allocate
   void addComponents(TrackStatePropMask mask)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_traj->self().addTrackStateComponents_impl(m_istate, mask);
   }
 
   /// Reference surface.
   /// @return the reference surface
   const Surface& referenceSurface() const {
     assert(hasReferenceSurface() &&
            "TrackState does not have reference surface");
     return *m_traj->referenceSurface(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Returns if the track state has a non nullptr surface associated
   /// @return whether a surface exists or not
   bool hasReferenceSurface() const {
     return m_traj->referenceSurface(m_istate) != nullptr;
   }
 
   // NOLINTBEGIN(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
   // looks like a false-positive. clang-tidy believes `srf` is not movable.
 
   /// Set the reference surface to a given value
   /// @param srf Shared pointer to the surface to set
   /// @note This overload is only present in case @c ReadOnly is false.
   void setReferenceSurface(std::shared_ptr<const Surface> srf)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_traj->setReferenceSurface(m_istate, std::move(srf));
   }
   // NOLINTEND(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
 
   /// Getter/setter for chi2 value associated with the track state
   /// This overload returns a mutable reference, which allows setting a new
   /// value directly into the backing store.
   /// @note this overload is only enabled in case the proxy is not read-only
   /// @return Mutable reference to the chi2 value
   float& chi2()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return component<float, hashString("chi2")>();
   }
 
   /// Getter for the chi2 value associated with the track state.
   /// This overload returns a copy of the chi2 value, and thus does not allow
   /// modification of the value in the backing storage.
   /// @return the chi2 value of the track state
   float chi2() const { return component<float, hashString("chi2")>(); }
 
   /// Getter for the path length associated with the track state.
   /// This overloaded is only enabled if not read-only, and returns a mutable
   /// reference.
   /// @return Mutable reference to the pathlength.
   double& pathLength()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return component<double, hashString("pathLength")>();
   }
 
   /// Getter for the path length. Returns a copy of the path length value.
   /// @return The path length of this track state
   double pathLength() const {
     return component<double, hashString("pathLength")>();
   }
 
   /// Getter for the type flags associated with the track state.
   /// This overloaded is only enabled if not read-only, and returns a mutable
   /// reference.
   /// @return reference to the type flags.
   TrackStateType typeFlags()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return TrackStateType{
         component<TrackStateType::raw_type, hashString("typeFlags")>()};
   }
 
   /// Getter for the type flags. Returns a copy of the type flags value.
   /// @return The type flags of this track state
   ConstTrackStateType typeFlags() const {
     return ConstTrackStateType{
         component<TrackStateType::raw_type, hashString("typeFlags")>()};
   }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_state_proxy_params
   /// @name Track state parameters
   /// @{
 
   /// Track parameters vector. This tries to be somewhat smart and return the
   /// first parameters that are set in this order: predicted -> filtered ->
   /// smoothed
   /// @return one of predicted, filtered or smoothed parameters
   ConstParameters parameters() const;
 
   /// Track parameters covariance matrix. This tries to be somewhat smart and
   /// return the
   /// first parameters that are set in this order: predicted -> filtered ->
   /// smoothed
   /// @return one of predicted, filtered or smoothed covariances
   ConstCovariance covariance() const;
 
   /// Predicted track parameters vector
   /// @return The predicted parameters
   ConstParameters predicted() const {
     assert(has<hashString("predicted")>());
     return m_traj->self().parameters(
         component<IndexType, hashString("predicted")>());
   }
 
   Parameters predicted()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("predicted")>());
     return m_traj->self().parameters(
         component<IndexType, hashString("predicted")>());
   }
 
   /// Predicted track parameters covariance matrix.
   /// @return The predicted track parameter covariance
   ConstCovariance predictedCovariance() const {
     assert(has<hashString("predicted")>());
     return m_traj->self().covariance(
         component<IndexType, hashString("predicted")>());
   }
 
   Covariance predictedCovariance()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("predicted")>());
     return m_traj->self().covariance(
         component<IndexType, hashString("predicted")>());
   }
 
   /// Check whether the predicted parameters+covariance is set
   /// @return Whether it is set or not
   bool hasPredicted() const { return has<hashString("predicted")>(); }
 
   /// Filtered track parameters vector
   /// @return The filtered parameters
   /// @note Const version
   ConstParameters filtered() const {
     assert(has<hashString("filtered")>());
     return m_traj->self().parameters(
         component<IndexType, hashString("filtered")>());
   }
 
   /// Filtered track parameters vector
   /// @return The filtered parameters
   /// @note Mutable version
   Parameters filtered()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("filtered")>());
     return m_traj->self().parameters(
         component<IndexType, hashString("filtered")>());
   }
 
   /// Filtered track parameters covariance matrix
   /// @return The filtered parameters covariance
   /// @note Const version
   ConstCovariance filteredCovariance() const {
     assert(has<hashString("filtered")>());
     return m_traj->self().covariance(
         component<IndexType, hashString("filtered")>());
   }
 
   /// Filtered track parameters covariance matrix
   /// @return The filtered parameters covariance
   /// @note Mutable version
   Covariance filteredCovariance()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("filtered")>());
     return m_traj->self().covariance(
         component<IndexType, hashString("filtered")>());
   }
 
   /// Return whether filtered parameters+covariance is set
   /// @return Whether it is set
   bool hasFiltered() const { return has<hashString("filtered")>(); }
 
   /// Smoothed track parameters vector
   /// @return The smoothed parameters
   /// @note Const version
   ConstParameters smoothed() const {
     assert(has<hashString("smoothed")>());
     return m_traj->self().parameters(
         component<IndexType, hashString("smoothed")>());
   }
 
   /// Smoothed track parameters vector
   /// @return The smoothed parameters
   /// @note Mutable version
   Parameters smoothed()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("smoothed")>());
     return m_traj->self().parameters(
         component<IndexType, hashString("smoothed")>());
   }
 
   /// Smoothed track parameters covariance matrix
   /// @return the parameter covariance matrix
   /// @note Const version
   ConstCovariance smoothedCovariance() const {
     assert(has<hashString("smoothed")>());
     return m_traj->self().covariance(
         component<IndexType, hashString("smoothed")>());
   }
 
   /// Smoothed track parameters covariance matrix
   /// @return the parameter covariance matrix
   /// @note Mutable version
   Covariance smoothedCovariance()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("smoothed")>());
     return m_traj->self().covariance(
         component<IndexType, hashString("smoothed")>());
   }
 
   /// Return whether smoothed parameters+covariance is set
   /// @return Whether it is set
   bool hasSmoothed() const { return has<hashString("smoothed")>(); }
 
   /// Returns the jacobian from the previous trackstate to this one
   /// @return The jacobian matrix
   /// @note Const version
   ConstCovariance jacobian() const {
     assert(has<hashString("jacobian")>());
     return m_traj->self().jacobian(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Returns the jacobian from the previous trackstate to this one
   /// @return The jacobian matrix
   /// @note Mutable version
   Covariance jacobian()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("jacobian")>());
     return m_traj->self().jacobian(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Returns whether a jacobian is set for this trackstate
   /// @return Whether it is set
   bool hasJacobian() const { return has<hashString("jacobian")>(); }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_state_proxy_meas
   /// @name Track state measurement properties
   ///
   /// Properties of the measurement associated with the track state represented.
   /// This consists of a vector and an associated square matrix of a measurement
   /// dimension which is between one and the size of the track parametrization.
   /// The measurement coordinate frame is required to be a strict subset of the
   /// bound track parametrization on the local geometry coordinate frame, i.e.
   /// using a pure projector matrix to convert from the bound parametrization to
   /// the measurement frame is possible.
   ///
   /// The track state stores the parameter vector and covariance, and the
   /// backend is given the possibility to do so in a jagged way, i.e. only
   /// storing the number of values needed. This requires calling
   /// @ref allocateCalibrated before storing the measurements
   /// (even if it might be a no-op).
   ///
   /// The projector matrix is packed as a bitset, which is converted to a matrix
   /// on-demand (and therefore returned by value).
   ///
   /// The track state also includes a @ref SourceLink which acts as a proxy
   /// to the original uncalibrated measurement that the calibrated measurement
   /// was derived from. It is set and returned by value, to allow unpacking /
   /// repacking by the backend, if needed.
   ///
   /// @{
 
   /// Set the projector subspace indices
   /// @param subspaceIndices The projector subspace indices to set
   template <std::ranges::sized_range index_range_t>
   void setProjectorSubspaceIndices(const index_range_t& subspaceIndices)
     requires(!ReadOnly &&
              std::convertible_to<std::ranges::range_value_t<index_range_t>,
                                  std::uint8_t>)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("projector")>());
     assert(subspaceIndices.size() <= eBoundSize);
     BoundSubspaceIndices boundSubspace{};
     std::transform(subspaceIndices.begin(), subspaceIndices.end(),
                    boundSubspace.begin(),
                    [](auto i) { return static_cast<std::uint8_t>(i); });
     component<SerializedSubspaceIndices, hashString("projector")>() =
         serializeSubspaceIndices(boundSubspace);
   }
 
   /// Returns whether a projector is set
   /// @return Whether it is set
   bool hasProjector() const { return has<hashString("projector")>(); }
 
   /// Returns the projector subspace indices
   /// @return The projector subspace indices
   BoundSubspaceIndices projectorSubspaceIndices() const {
     assert(has<hashString("projector")>());
     return deserializeSubspaceIndices<eBoundSize>(
         component<SerializedSubspaceIndices, hashString("projector")>());
   }
 
   /// Returns the projector subspace indices
   /// @return The projector subspace indices
   template <std::size_t measdim>
   SubspaceIndices<measdim> projectorSubspaceIndices() const {
     BoundSubspaceIndices boundSubspace = projectorSubspaceIndices();
     SubspaceIndices<measdim> subspace;
     std::copy(boundSubspace.begin(), boundSubspace.begin() + measdim,
               subspace.begin());
     return subspace;
   }
 
   /// Creates a variable size subspace helper
   /// @return The subspace helper
   VariableBoundSubspaceHelper projectorSubspaceHelper() const {
     BoundSubspaceIndices boundSubspace = projectorSubspaceIndices();
     std::span<std::uint8_t> validSubspaceIndices(
         boundSubspace.begin(), boundSubspace.begin() + calibratedSize());
     return VariableBoundSubspaceHelper(validSubspaceIndices);
   }
 
   /// Creates a fixed size subspace helper
   /// @return The subspace helper
   template <std::size_t measdim>
   FixedBoundSubspaceHelper<measdim> projectorSubspaceHelper() const {
     SubspaceIndices<measdim> subspace = projectorSubspaceIndices<measdim>();
     return FixedBoundSubspaceHelper<measdim>(subspace);
   }
 
   /// Uncalibrated measurement in the form of a source link. Const version
   /// @return The uncalibrated measurement source link
   SourceLink getUncalibratedSourceLink() const;
 
   /// Set an uncalibrated source link
   /// @param sourceLink The uncalibrated source link to set
   void setUncalibratedSourceLink(SourceLink&& sourceLink)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_traj->setUncalibratedSourceLink(m_istate, std::move(sourceLink));
   }
 
   /// Check if the point has an associated uncalibrated measurement.
   /// @return Whether it is set
   bool hasUncalibratedSourceLink() const {
     return has<hashString("uncalibratedSourceLink")>();
   }
 
   /// Check if the point has an associated calibrated measurement.
   /// @return Whether it is set
   bool hasCalibrated() const { return has<hashString("calibrated")>(); }
 
   /// Full calibrated measurement vector. Might contain additional zeroed
   /// dimensions.
   /// @return The measurement vector
   /// @note Const version
   template <std::size_t measdim>
   ConstCalibrated<measdim> calibrated() const {
     assert(has<hashString("calibrated")>());
     return m_traj->self().template calibrated<measdim>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Full calibrated measurement vector. Might contain additional zeroed
   /// dimensions.
   /// @return The measurement vector
   /// @note Mutable version
   template <std::size_t measdim>
   Calibrated<measdim> calibrated()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("calibrated")>());
     return m_traj->self().template calibrated<measdim>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Const full calibrated measurement covariance matrix. The effective
   /// covariance is located in the top left corner, everything else is zeroed.
   /// @return The measurement covariance matrix
   template <std::size_t measdim>
   ConstCalibratedCovariance<measdim> calibratedCovariance() const {
     assert(has<hashString("calibratedCov")>());
     return m_traj->self().template calibratedCovariance<measdim>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Mutable full calibrated measurement covariance matrix. The effective
   /// covariance is located in the top left corner, everything else is zeroed.
   /// @return The measurement covariance matrix
   template <std::size_t measdim>
   CalibratedCovariance<measdim> calibratedCovariance()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("calibratedCov")>());
     return m_traj->self().template calibratedCovariance<measdim>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Mutable dynamic measurement vector with only the valid dimensions.
   /// @warning The dynamic vector has a runtime overhead!
   /// @return The effective calibrated measurement vector
   EffectiveCalibrated effectiveCalibrated()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(has<hashString("calibrated")>());
     return m_traj->self().effectiveCalibrated(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Const dynamic measurement vector with only the valid dimensions.
   /// @warning The dynamic matrix has a runtime overhead!
   /// @return The effective calibrated measurement vector
   ConstEffectiveCalibrated effectiveCalibrated() const {
     assert(has<hashString("calibrated")>());
     return m_traj->self().effectiveCalibrated(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Mutable dynamic measurement covariance matrix with only the valid
   /// dimensions.
   /// @warning The dynamic matrix has a runtime overhead!
   /// @return The effective calibrated covariance matrix
   EffectiveCalibratedCovariance effectiveCalibratedCovariance() {
     assert(has<hashString("calibratedCov")>());
     return m_traj->self().effectiveCalibratedCovariance(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Const dynamic measurement covariance matrix with only the valid
   /// dimensions.
   /// @warning The dynamic matrix has a runtime overhead!
   /// @return The effective calibrated covariance matrix
   ConstEffectiveCalibratedCovariance effectiveCalibratedCovariance() const {
     assert(has<hashString("calibratedCov")>());
     return m_traj->self().effectiveCalibratedCovariance(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Return the (dynamic) number of dimensions stored for this measurement.
   /// @note Depending on the backend, this size is used to determine the
   ///       memory range of the measurement vector and covariance.
   /// @return The number of dimensions
   IndexType calibratedSize() const { return m_traj->calibratedSize(m_istate); }
 
   /// Allocate storage to be able to store a measurement of size @p measdim.
   /// This must be called **before** setting the measurement content.
   /// @note This does not allocate if an allocation of the same size already exists
   /// @note This will zero-initialize the allocated storage
   /// @note This is an error if an existing allocation has different size
   void allocateCalibrated(std::size_t measdim) {
     m_traj->allocateCalibrated(m_istate, measdim);
   }
 
   /// Allocate storage and assign the given vector and covariance to it.
   /// The dimension is inferred from the given vector and matrix.
   /// @tparam val_t Type of the vector
   /// @tparam cov_t Type of the covariance matrix
   /// @param val The measurement vector
   /// @param cov The covariance matrix
   /// @note This does not allocate if an allocation of the same size already exists
   /// @note This throws an exception if an existing allocation has different size
   template <typename val_t, typename cov_t>
   void allocateCalibrated(const Eigen::DenseBase<val_t>& val,
                           const Eigen::DenseBase<cov_t>& cov)
     requires(Concepts::eigen_base_is_fixed_size<val_t> &&
              Concepts::eigen_bases_have_same_num_rows<val_t, cov_t> &&
              Concepts::eigen_base_is_square<cov_t> &&
              Eigen::PlainObjectBase<val_t>::RowsAtCompileTime <=
                  static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<BoundIndices>>(eBoundSize))
   {
     m_traj->template allocateCalibrated<
         Eigen::PlainObjectBase<val_t>::RowsAtCompileTime>(m_istate, val, cov);
   }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_state_share_copy
   /// @name Sharing and copying
   ///
   /// Methods to share and copy track state components. Sharing means setting up
   /// more than one track state to point to the same component.
   ///
   /// Shareable components are
   /// - predicted parameters and covariance
   /// - filtered parameters and covariance
   /// - smoothed parameters and covariance
   /// - jacobian
   ///
   /// See @ref TrackStatePropMask.
   ///
   /// @{
 
   /// Share a shareable component **within** this track state
   /// @param shareSource Which component to share from
   /// @param shareTarget Which component to share as. This should be different from
   ///                    as @p shareSource, e.g. predicted can be shared as filtered.
   void shareFrom(TrackStatePropMask shareSource, TrackStatePropMask shareTarget)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     shareFrom(*this, shareSource, shareTarget);
   }
 
   /// Share a shareable component from another track state.
   /// @param other Track state proxy to share component from
   /// @param component Which component to share.
   /// @note The track states both need to be stored in the
   ///       same @c MultiTrajectory instance
   template <bool ReadOnlyOther>
   void shareFrom(const TrackStateProxy<Trajectory, M, ReadOnlyOther>& other,
                  TrackStatePropMask component)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     shareFrom(other, component, component);
   }
 
   /// Share a shareable component from another track state
   /// @param other Track state proxy to share component(s) from
   /// @param shareSource Which component to share from
   /// @param shareTarget Which component to share as. This can be be different from
   ///                    as @p shareSource, e.g. predicted can be shared as filtered.
   /// @note Shareable components are predicted, filtered, smoothed, calibrated, jacobian,
   ///       or projector. See @c TrackStatePropMask.
   template <bool ReadOnlyOther>
   void shareFrom(const TrackStateProxy<Trajectory, M, ReadOnlyOther>& other,
                  TrackStatePropMask shareSource, TrackStatePropMask shareTarget)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     assert(m_traj == other.m_traj &&
            "Cannot share components across MultiTrajectories");
 
     assert(ACTS_CHECK_BIT(other.getMask(), shareSource) &&
            "Source has incompatible allocation");
 
     m_traj->self().shareFrom(m_istate, other.m_istate, shareSource,
                              shareTarget);
   }
 
   /// Copy the contents of another track state proxy into this one
   /// @param other The other track state to copy from
   /// @param mask An optional mask to determine what to copy from
   /// @param onlyAllocated Whether to only copy allocated components
   /// @note If the this track state proxy does not have compatible allocations
   ///       with the source track state proxy, and @p onlyAllocated is false,
   ///       an exception is thrown.
   /// @note The mask parameter will not cause a copy of components that are
   ///       not allocated in the source track state proxy.
   template <TrackStateProxyConcept track_state_proxy_t>
   void copyFrom(const track_state_proxy_t& other,
                 TrackStatePropMask mask = TrackStatePropMask::All,
                 bool onlyAllocated = true)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     using PM = TrackStatePropMask;
 
     if (onlyAllocated) {
       auto dest = getMask();
       auto src = other.getMask() &
                  mask;  // combine what we have with what we want to copy
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(src, PM::Calibrated)) {
         // on-demand allocate calibrated
         dest |= PM::Calibrated;
       }
 
       if ((static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<TrackStatePropMask>>(
                (src ^ dest) & src) != 0 ||
            dest == TrackStatePropMask::None ||
            src == TrackStatePropMask::None) &&
           mask != TrackStatePropMask::None) {
         throw std::runtime_error(
             "Attempt track state copy with incompatible allocations");
       }
 
       // we're sure now this has correct allocations, so just copy
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(src, PM::Predicted)) {
         predicted() = other.predicted();
         predictedCovariance() = other.predictedCovariance();
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(src, PM::Filtered)) {
         filtered() = other.filtered();
         filteredCovariance() = other.filteredCovariance();
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(src, PM::Smoothed)) {
         smoothed() = other.smoothed();
         smoothedCovariance() = other.smoothedCovariance();
       }
 
       if (other.hasUncalibratedSourceLink()) {
         setUncalibratedSourceLink(other.getUncalibratedSourceLink());
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(src, PM::Jacobian)) {
         jacobian() = other.jacobian();
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(src, PM::Calibrated)) {
         // workaround for gcc8 bug:
         // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=86594
         auto* self = this;
         visit_measurement(other.calibratedSize(), [&](auto N) {
           constexpr int measdim = decltype(N)::value;
           self->allocateCalibrated(
               other.template calibrated<measdim>().eval(),
               other.template calibratedCovariance<measdim>().eval());
         });
 
         setProjectorSubspaceIndices(other.projectorSubspaceIndices());
       }
     } else {
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(mask, PM::Predicted) &&
           has<hashString("predicted")>() &&
           other.template has<hashString("predicted")>()) {
         predicted() = other.predicted();
         predictedCovariance() = other.predictedCovariance();
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(mask, PM::Filtered) && has<hashString("filtered")>() &&
           other.template has<hashString("filtered")>()) {
         filtered() = other.filtered();
         filteredCovariance() = other.filteredCovariance();
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(mask, PM::Smoothed) && has<hashString("smoothed")>() &&
           other.template has<hashString("smoothed")>()) {
         smoothed() = other.smoothed();
         smoothedCovariance() = other.smoothedCovariance();
       }
 
       if (other.hasUncalibratedSourceLink()) {
         setUncalibratedSourceLink(other.getUncalibratedSourceLink());
       }
 
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(mask, PM::Jacobian) && has<hashString("jacobian")>() &&
           other.template has<hashString("jacobian")>()) {
         jacobian() = other.jacobian();
       }
 
       // NOTE: we should not check hasCalibrated on this, since it
       // may be not yet allocated
       if (ACTS_CHECK_BIT(mask, PM::Calibrated) &&
           other.template has<hashString("calibrated")>()) {
         // workaround for gcc8 bug:
         // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=86594
         auto* self = this;
         visit_measurement(other.calibratedSize(), [&](auto N) {
           constexpr int measdim = decltype(N)::value;
           self->allocateCalibrated(
               other.template calibrated<measdim>().eval(),
               other.template calibratedCovariance<measdim>().eval());
         });
 
         setProjectorSubspaceIndices(other.projectorSubspaceIndices());
       }
     }
 
     chi2() = other.chi2();
     pathLength() = other.pathLength();
     typeFlags() = other.typeFlags();
 
     if (other.hasReferenceSurface()) {
       setReferenceSurface(other.referenceSurface().getSharedPtr());
     }
 
     m_traj->copyDynamicFrom(m_istate, other.container(), other.index());
   }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_state_proxy_generic_component
   /// @name Track state proxy Generic component access
   /// @{
 
   /// Check if a component is set
   /// @tparam key Hashed string key to check for
   /// @return true if the component exists, false if not
   template <HashedString key>
   constexpr bool has() const {
     return m_traj->template has<key>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Check if a component is set
   /// @param key Hashed string key to check for
   /// @return true if the component exists, false if not
   constexpr bool has(HashedString key) const {
     return m_traj->has(key, m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Check if a component is set
   /// @param key String key to check for
   /// @note This might hash the @p key at runtime instead of compile-time
   /// @return true if the component exists, false if not
   constexpr bool has(std::string_view key) const {
     return has(hashStringDynamic(key));
   }
 
   /// Retrieve a mutable reference to a component
   /// @tparam T The type of the component to access
   /// @tparam key String key for the component to access
   /// @return Mutable reference to the component given by @p key
   template <typename T, HashedString key>
   constexpr T& component()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return m_traj->template component<T, key>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Retrieve a mutable reference to a component
   /// @tparam T The type of the component to access
   /// @param key String key for the component to access
   /// @return Mutable reference to the component given by @p key
   template <typename T>
   constexpr T& component(HashedString key)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return m_traj->template component<T>(key, m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Retrieve a mutable reference to a component
   /// @tparam T The type of the component to access
   /// @param key String key for the component to access
   /// @note This might hash the @p key at runtime instead of compile-time
   /// @return Mutable reference to the component given by @p key
   template <typename T>
   constexpr T& component(std::string_view key)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return m_traj->template component<T>(hashStringDynamic(key), m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Retrieve a const reference to a component
   /// @tparam T The type of the component to access
   /// @tparam key String key for the component to access
   /// @return Const reference to the component given by @p key
   template <typename T, HashedString key>
   constexpr const T& component() const {
     return m_traj->template component<T, key>(m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Retrieve a const reference to a component
   /// @tparam T The type of the component to access
   /// @param key String key for the component to access
   /// @return Const reference to the component given by @p key
   template <typename T>
   constexpr const T& component(HashedString key) const {
     return m_traj->template component<T>(key, m_istate);
   }
 
   /// Retrieve a const reference to a component
   /// @tparam T The type of the component to access
   /// @param key String key for the component to access
   /// @note This might hash the @p key at runtime instead of compile-time
   /// @return Const reference to the component given by @p key
   template <typename T>
   constexpr const T& component(std::string_view key) const {
     return m_traj->template component<T>(hashStringDynamic(key), m_istate);
   }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// Return a mutable reference to the underlying backend container
   /// @return A reference to the backend container
   MultiTrajectory<Trajectory>& trajectory()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return *m_traj;
   }
 
   /// Return a const reference to the underlying backend container
   /// @return A const reference to the backend container
   const MultiTrajectory<Trajectory>& trajectory() const { return *m_traj; }
 
   /// Get a mutable reference to the track state container backend
   /// @return a mutable reference to the backend
   auto& container()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return *m_traj;
   }
 
   /// Get a const reference to the track state container backend
   /// @return a const reference to the backend
   const auto& container() const { return *m_traj; }
 
  private:
   // Private since it can only be created by the trajectory.
   TrackStateProxy(
       detail_lt::ConstIf<MultiTrajectory<Trajectory>, ReadOnly>& trajectory,
       IndexType istate);
 
   detail_lt::TransitiveConstPointer<
       detail_lt::ConstIf<MultiTrajectory<Trajectory>, ReadOnly>>
       m_traj;
   IndexType m_istate;
 
   friend class Acts::MultiTrajectory<Trajectory>;
   friend class TrackStateProxy<Trajectory, M, true>;
   friend class TrackStateProxy<Trajectory, M, false>;
 };
 }  // namespace Acts
 
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackStateProxy.ipp"

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