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 // This file is part of the ACTS project.
 //
 // Copyright (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ACTS project
 //
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Acts/EventData/MultiTrajectory.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/MultiTrajectoryBackendConcept.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackContainerBackendConcept.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/TrackProxy.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/Types.hpp"
 #include "Acts/EventData/Utils.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/HashedString.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/Holders.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/TypeTraits.hpp"
 #include "Acts/Utilities/detail/ContainerIterator.hpp"
 
 #include <any>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 
 namespace Acts {
 
 template <typename T>
 struct IsReadOnlyTrackContainer;
 
 /// Track container interface class. This type represents a collections of
 /// tracks. It uses a backend to store both the actual tracks and the
 /// associated track states.
 /// @tparam track_container_t the track container backend
 /// @tparam traj_t the track state container backend
 /// @tparam holder_t ownership management class for the backend
 template <TrackContainerBackend track_container_t,
           CommonMultiTrajectoryBackend traj_t,
           template <typename> class holder_t = RefHolder>
   requires HolderFor<holder_t, track_container_t> && HolderFor<holder_t, traj_t>
 class TrackContainer {
  public:
   /// Indicates if this track container is read-only, or if it can be modified
   static constexpr bool ReadOnly =
       IsReadOnlyTrackContainer<track_container_t>::value;
 
   /// Indicates if the track state container is read-only, or if it can be
   /// modified
   static constexpr bool TrackStateReadOnly =
       IsReadOnlyMultiTrajectory<traj_t>::value;
 
   static_assert(ReadOnly == TrackStateReadOnly,
                 "Either both track container and track state container need to "
                 "be readonly or both have to be readwrite");
 
   /// The index type of the track container, taken from the container backend
   using IndexType = TrackIndexType;
 
   /// Sentinel value that indicates an invalid index
   static constexpr IndexType kInvalid = kTrackIndexInvalid;
 
   /// Alias for the mutable version of a track proxy, with the same backends as
   /// this container
   using TrackProxy =
       Acts::TrackProxy<track_container_t, traj_t, holder_t, false>;
 
   /// Alias for the const version of a track proxy, with the same backends as
   /// this container
   using ConstTrackProxy =
       Acts::TrackProxy<track_container_t, traj_t, holder_t, true>;
 
   static_assert(ConstTrackProxyConcept<ConstTrackProxy>,
                 "ConstTrackProxy must fulfill the TrackProxyConcept");
   static_assert(ReadOnly || MutableTrackProxyConcept<TrackProxy>,
                 "TrackProxy must fulfill the TrackProxyConcept");
 
   /// Type alias for track container backend type
   using TrackContainerBackend = track_container_t;
   /// Type alias for track state container backend type
   using TrackStateContainerBackend = traj_t;
 
   /// Type alias for mutable track state proxy from multi-trajectory
   using TrackStateProxy = typename MultiTrajectory<traj_t>::TrackStateProxy;
   /// Type alias for const track state proxy from multi-trajectory
   using ConstTrackStateProxy =
       typename MultiTrajectory<traj_t>::ConstTrackStateProxy;
 
   /// Type alias for size type of track container
   using size_type = IndexType;
   /// Type alias for mutable iterator over tracks in container
   using iterator =
       detail::ContainerIterator<TrackContainer, TrackProxy, IndexType, false>;
   /// Type alias for const iterator over tracks in container
   using const_iterator =
       detail::ContainerIterator<TrackContainer, ConstTrackProxy, IndexType,
                                 true>;
 
 #ifndef DOXYGEN
   friend TrackProxy;
   friend ConstTrackProxy;
 #endif
 
   /// @anchor track_container_construction
   /// @name TrackContainer construction
   ///
   /// Constructors for the track container by using a set of backends
   /// (track + track state). The container can either take ownership of the
   /// backends or just hold references to them. This is driven by the @c
   /// holder_t template parameter, where you can also supply a custom holder
   /// type. Template deduction is used to try to guess the correct holder type.
   ///
   /// @{
 
   /// Constructor from a track container backend and a track state container
   /// backend
   /// @param container the track container backend
   /// @param traj the track state container backend
   TrackContainer(holder_t<track_container_t> container, holder_t<traj_t> traj)
       : m_container{std::move(container)}, m_traj{std::move(traj)} {}
 
   /// Constructor from references to a track container backend and to a track
   /// state container backend
   /// @note The track container will not assume ownership over the backends in this case.
   ///       You need to ensure suitable lifetime
   /// @param container the track container backend
   /// @param traj the track state container backend
   TrackContainer(auto& container, auto& traj)
     requires(std::same_as<holder_t<track_container_t>,
                           RefHolder<track_container_t>> &&
              std::same_as<holder_t<traj_t>, RefHolder<traj_t>>)
       : m_container{&container}, m_traj{&traj} {}
 
   /// Constructor from const references to a track container backend and to a
   /// track state container backend
   /// @note The track container will not assume ownership over the backends in this case.
   ///       You need to ensure suitable lifetime
   /// @param container the track container backend
   /// @param traj the track state container backend
   TrackContainer(const auto& container, const auto& traj)
     requires(std::same_as<holder_t<track_container_t>,
                           ConstRefHolder<track_container_t>> &&
              std::same_as<holder_t<traj_t>, ConstRefHolder<traj_t>> &&
              ReadOnly && TrackStateReadOnly)
       : m_container{&container}, m_traj{&traj} {}
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_container_track_access
   /// @name TrackContainer track (proxy) access and manipulation
   ///
   /// These methods allow accessing tracks, i.e. adding or retrieving a track
   /// proxy that points at a specific track in the container.
   ///
   /// @{
 
   /// Get a const track proxy for a track index
   /// @param itrack the track index in the container
   /// @return A const track proxy for the index
   ConstTrackProxy getTrack(IndexType itrack) const { return {*this, itrack}; }
 
   /// Get a mutable track proxy for a track index
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @param itrack the track index in the container
   /// @return A mutable track proxy for the index
   TrackProxy getTrack(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return {*this, itrack};
   }
 
   /// Get a const track proxy for a track index
   /// @param itrack the track index in the container
   /// @return A const track proxy for the index
   ConstTrackProxy at(IndexType itrack) const { return getTrack(itrack); }
 
   /// Get a mutable track proxy for a track index
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @param itrack the track index in the container
   /// @return A mutable track proxy for the index
   TrackProxy at(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return {*this, itrack};
   }
 
   /// Add a track to the container. Note this only creates the logical track and
   /// allocates memory. You can combine this with @c getTrack to obtain a track proxy
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @return the index to the newly added track
   IndexType addTrack()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     auto track = getTrack(m_container->addTrack_impl());
     track.tipIndex() = kInvalid;
     return track.index();
   }
 
   /// Add a track to the container and return a track proxy to it
   /// This effectively calls @c addTrack and @c getTrack
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @return a track proxy to the newly added track
   TrackProxy makeTrack()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return getTrack(addTrack());
   }
 
   /// Remove a track at index @p itrack from the container
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @note This invalidates track proxies that point to tracks with larger
   ///       indices than @p itrack!
   /// @param itrack The index of the track to remove
   void removeTrack(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_container->removeTrack_impl(itrack);
   }
 
   /// Get a mutable iterator to the first track in the container
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @return a mutable iterator to the first track
   iterator begin()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return iterator{*this, 0};
   }
 
   /// Get a past-the-end iterator for this container
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @return a past-the-end iterator
   iterator end()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return iterator{*this, size()};
   }
 
   /// Get an const iterator to the first track in the container
   /// @return a const iterator to the first track
   const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator{*this, 0}; }
 
   /// Get a past-the-end iterator for this container
   /// @return a past-the-end iterator
   const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator{*this, size()}; }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_container_columns
   /// @name TrackContainer column management
   /// TrackContainer can manage a set of common static columns, and dynamic
   /// columns that can be added at runtime. This set of methods allows you to
   /// manage the dynamic columns.
   /// @{
 
   /// Add a dynamic column to the track container
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @param key the name of the column to be added
   template <typename T>
   constexpr void addColumn(std::string_view key)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_container->template addColumn_impl<T>(key);
   }
 
   /// Check if this track container has a specific dynamic column
   /// @param key the key to check for
   /// @return true if the column exists
   constexpr bool hasColumn(const std::string& key) const {
     return m_container->hasColumn_impl(hashStringDynamic(key));
   }
 
   /// Check if a this track container has a specific dynamic column
   /// @param key the key to check for
   /// @return true if the column exists
   constexpr bool hasColumn(HashedString key) const {
     return m_container->hasColumn_impl(key);
   }
 
   /// Helper function to make this track container match the dynamic columns of
   /// another one. This will only work if the track container supports this
   /// source, and depends on the implementation details of the dynamic columns
   /// of the container
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @tparam other_track_container_t Type of the other track container
   /// @param other The other track container
   template <typename other_track_container_t>
   void ensureDynamicColumns(const other_track_container_t& other)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     container().ensureDynamicColumns_impl(other.container());
   }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// @anchor track_congtainer_backend_access
   /// @name TrackContainer backend access
   /// These methods allow accessing the backend of the track container. In most
   /// cases, this is not necessary for interacting with the container.
   /// @{
 
   /// Get a mutable reference to the track container backend
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @return a mutable reference to the backend
   auto& container()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return *m_container;
   }
 
   /// Get a const reference to the track container backend
   /// @return a const reference to the backend
   const auto& container() const { return *m_container; }
 
   /// Get a mutable reference to the track state container backend
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   /// @return a mutable reference to the backend
   auto& trackStateContainer()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return *m_traj;
   }
 
   /// Retrieve the holder of the track state container
   /// @return The track state container including it's holder
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   auto& trackStateContainerHolder()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return m_traj;
   }
 
   /// Get a const reference to the track state container backend
   /// @return a const reference to the backend
   const auto& trackStateContainer() const { return *m_traj; }
 
   /// Retrieve the holder of the track state container
   /// @return The track state container including it's holder
   const auto& trackStateContainerHolder() const { return m_traj; }
 
   /// @}
 
   /// Get the size (number of tracks) of the track container
   /// @return the sixe
   constexpr IndexType size() const { return m_container->size_impl(); }
 
   /// Clear the content of the track container
   /// @note Only available if the track container is not read-only
   void clear()
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     m_container->clear();
     m_traj->clear();
   }
 
  protected:
   /// @brief Get mutable reference to track component using compile-time key
   /// @tparam T Component type to retrieve
   /// @tparam key Hashed string key for the component
   /// @param itrack Track index to get component for
   /// @return Mutable reference to the component of type T
   template <typename T, HashedString key>
   constexpr T& component(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return *std::any_cast<T*>(container().component_impl(key, itrack));
   }
 
   /// @brief Get mutable reference to track component using runtime key
   /// @tparam T Component type to retrieve
   /// @param key Hashed string key for the component
   /// @param itrack Track index to get component for
   /// @return Mutable reference to the component of type T
   template <typename T>
   constexpr T& component(HashedString key, IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return *std::any_cast<T*>(container().component_impl(key, itrack));
   }
 
   /// @brief Get const reference to track component using compile-time key
   /// @tparam T Component type to retrieve
   /// @tparam key Hashed string key for the component
   /// @param itrack Track index to get component for
   /// @return Const reference to the component of type T
   template <typename T, HashedString key>
   constexpr const T& component(IndexType itrack) const {
     return *std::any_cast<const T*>(container().component_impl(key, itrack));
   }
 
   /// @brief Get const reference to track component using runtime key
   /// @tparam T Component type to retrieve
   /// @param key Hashed string key for the component
   /// @param itrack Track index to get component for
   /// @return Const reference to the component of type T
   template <typename T>
   constexpr const T& component(HashedString key, IndexType itrack) const {
     return *std::any_cast<const T*>(container().component_impl(key, itrack));
   }
 
   /// Get mutable parameters for a track
   /// @param itrack Track index to get parameters for
   /// @return Mutable parameters object for the track
   constexpr typename TrackProxy::Parameters parameters(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return container().parameters(itrack);
   }
 
   /// Get const parameters for a track
   /// @param itrack Track index to get parameters for
   /// @return Const parameters object for the track
   constexpr typename ConstTrackProxy::ConstParameters parameters(
       IndexType itrack) const {
     return container().parameters(itrack);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get mutable covariance matrix for a track
   /// @param itrack Track index to get covariance for
   /// @return Mutable covariance matrix for the track
   constexpr typename TrackProxy::Covariance covariance(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     return container().covariance(itrack);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get const covariance matrix for a track
   /// @param itrack Track index to get covariance for
   /// @return Const covariance matrix for the track
   constexpr typename ConstTrackProxy::ConstCovariance covariance(
       IndexType itrack) const {
     return container().covariance(itrack);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get mutable range for iterating track states in reverse order
   /// @param itrack Track index to get state range for
   /// @return Range object for reverse iteration over track states from tip to stem
   auto reverseTrackStateRange(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     auto tip = component<IndexType, hashString("tipIndex")>(itrack);
     return m_traj->reverseTrackStateRange(tip);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get const range for iterating track states in reverse order
   /// @param itrack Track index to get state range for
   /// @return Const range object for reverse iteration over track states from tip to stem
   auto reverseTrackStateRange(IndexType itrack) const {
     auto tip = component<IndexType, hashString("tipIndex")>(itrack);
     return m_traj->reverseTrackStateRange(tip);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get mutable range for iterating track states in forward order
   /// @param itrack Track index to get state range for
   /// @return Range object for forward iteration over track states from stem to tip
   /// @throws std::invalid_argument if track has no stem index
   auto forwardTrackStateRange(IndexType itrack)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     auto stem = component<IndexType, hashString("stemIndex")>(itrack);
     if (stem == kInvalid) {
       throw std::invalid_argument{"Track has no stem index"};
     }
     return m_traj->forwardTrackStateRange(stem);
   }
 
   /// @brief Get const range for iterating track states in forward order
   /// @param itrack Track index to get state range for
   /// @return Const range object for forward iteration over track states from stem to tip
   /// @throws std::invalid_argument if track has no stem index
   auto forwardTrackStateRange(IndexType itrack) const {
     auto stem = component<IndexType, hashString("stemIndex")>(itrack);
     if (stem == kInvalid) {
       throw std::invalid_argument{"Track has no stem index"};
     }
     return m_traj->forwardTrackStateRange(stem);
   }
 
  private:
   template <typename T>
   void copyDynamicFrom(IndexType dstIdx, const T& src, IndexType srcIdx)
     requires(!ReadOnly)
   {
     const auto& dynamicKeys = src.dynamicKeys_impl();
     for (const auto key : dynamicKeys) {
       std::any srcPtr = src.component_impl(key, srcIdx);
       container().copyDynamicFrom_impl(dstIdx, key, srcPtr);
     }
   }
 
   const_if_t<ReadOnly, holder_t<track_container_t>> m_container;
   const_if_t<ReadOnly, holder_t<traj_t>> m_traj;
 };
 
 /// Deduction guide for TrackContainer with lvalue references
 /// @param container Track container reference
 /// @param traj Trajectory reference
 template <TrackContainerBackend track_container_t, typename traj_t>
 TrackContainer(track_container_t& container, traj_t& traj)
     -> TrackContainer<track_container_t, traj_t, RefHolder>;
 
 /// Deduction guide for TrackContainer with const references
 /// @param container Const track container reference
 /// @param traj Const trajectory reference
 template <TrackContainerBackend track_container_t, typename traj_t>
 TrackContainer(const track_container_t& container, const traj_t& traj)
     -> TrackContainer<track_container_t, traj_t, ConstRefHolder>;
 
 /// Deduction guide for TrackContainer with rvalue references
 /// @param container Track container rvalue reference
 /// @param traj Trajectory rvalue reference
 template <TrackContainerBackend track_container_t, typename traj_t>
 TrackContainer(track_container_t&& container, traj_t&& traj)
     -> TrackContainer<track_container_t, traj_t, ValueHolder>;
 
 }  // namespace Acts

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