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 //==========================================================================
 //  AIDA Detector description implementation 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Copyright (C) Organisation europeenne pour la Recherche nucleaire (CERN)
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // For the licensing terms see $DD4hepINSTALL/LICENSE.
 // For the list of contributors see $DD4hepINSTALL/doc/CREDITS.
 //
 // Author     : M.Frank
 //
 //==========================================================================
 
 // Framework include files
 #define DETECTORTOOLS_CPP
 #include <DD4hep/DetectorTools.h>
 #include <DD4hep/Printout.h>
 #include <DD4hep/Detector.h>
 #include <DD4hep/detail/DetectorInterna.h>
 
 // C/C++ include files
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <memory>
 
 // ROOT include files
 #include <TGeoMatrix.h>
 
 /// Namespace for the AIDA detector description toolkit
 namespace dd4hep {
 
   /// Helper namespace used to answer detector element specific questons
   /**
    * @author  M.Frank
    * @version 1.0
    */
   namespace detail { namespace tools  {
       /// Assemble the path of the PlacedVolume selection
       std::string elementPath(const PlacementPath& nodes, bool reverse);
       /// Collect detector elements to any parent detector element
       void elementPath(DetElement parent, DetElement elt, ElementPath& detectors);
       /// Collect detector elements placements to the top detector element (world) [fast, but may have holes!]
       void elementPath(DetElement elt, PlacementPath& nodes);
       /// Collect detector elements placements to the parent detector element [no holes!]
       void elementPath(DetElement parent, DetElement element, PlacementPath& nodes);
       /// Find Child of PlacedVolume and assemble on the fly the path of PlacedVolumes
       bool findChild(PlacedVolume parent, PlacedVolume child, PlacementPath& path);
 
 
       // Internal helper
       static void makePlacementPath(PlacementPath det_nodes, PlacementPath& all_nodes);
     }}
 }
 
 using namespace dd4hep;
 
 /// Find path between the child element and the parent element
 bool detail::tools::isParentElement(DetElement parent, DetElement child)   {
   if ( parent.isValid() && child.isValid() )  {
     if ( parent.ptr() == child.ptr() ) return true;
     for(DetElement par=child; par.isValid(); par=par.parent())  {
       if ( par.ptr() == parent.ptr() ) return true;
     }
   }
   throw std::runtime_error("Search for parent detector element with invalid handles not allowed.");
 }
 
 /// Find Child of PlacedVolume and assemble on the fly the path of PlacedVolumes
 bool detail::tools::findChild(PlacedVolume parent, PlacedVolume child, PlacementPath& path) {
   if ( parent.isValid() && child.isValid() ) {
     // Check self
     if ( parent.ptr() == child.ptr() ) {
       path.emplace_back(child);
       return true;
     }
     TIter next(parent->GetVolume()->GetNodes());
     // Now check next layer children
     for (TGeoNode *daughter = (TGeoNode*) next(); daughter; daughter = (TGeoNode*) next()) {
       if ( daughter == child.ptr() ) {
         path.emplace_back(daughter);
         return true;
       }
     }
     next.Reset();
     // Finally crawl down the tree
     for (TGeoNode *daughter = (TGeoNode*) next(); daughter; daughter = (TGeoNode*) next()) {
       PlacementPath sub_path;
       bool res = findChild(daughter, child, sub_path);
       if (res) {
         path.insert(path.end(), sub_path.begin(), sub_path.end());
         path.emplace_back(daughter);
         return res;
       }
     }
   }
   return false;
 }
 
 /// Find Child of PlacedVolume and assemble on the fly the path of PlacedVolumes
 static bool findChildByName(PlacedVolume parent, PlacedVolume child, detail::tools::PlacementPath& path) {
   if ( parent.isValid() && child.isValid() ) {
     // Check self
     if ( 0 == ::strcmp(parent.ptr()->GetName(),child.ptr()->GetName()) ) {
       path.emplace_back(child);
       return true;
     }
     TIter next(parent->GetVolume()->GetNodes());
     // Now check next layer children
     for (TGeoNode *daughter = (TGeoNode*) next(); daughter; daughter = (TGeoNode*) next()) {
       if ( 0 == ::strcmp(daughter->GetName(),child.ptr()->GetName()) ) {
         path.emplace_back(daughter);
         return true;
       }
     }
     next.Reset();
     // Finally crawl down the tree
     for (TGeoNode *daughter = (TGeoNode*) next(); daughter; daughter = (TGeoNode*) next()) {
       detail::tools::PlacementPath sub_path;
       bool res = findChildByName(daughter, child, sub_path);
       if (res) {
         path.insert(path.end(), sub_path.begin(), sub_path.end());
         path.emplace_back(daughter);
         return res;
       }
     }
   }
   return false;
 }
 
 /// Collect detector elements to the top detector element (world)
 void detail::tools::elementPath(DetElement element, ElementPath& detectors) {
   for(DetElement par = element; par.isValid(); par = par.parent())
     detectors.emplace_back(par);
 }
 
 /// Collect detector elements to any parent detector element
 void detail::tools::elementPath(DetElement parent, DetElement child, ElementPath& detectors)  {
   detectors.clear();
   if ( parent.isValid() && child.isValid() )  {
     if ( parent.ptr() == child.ptr() )  {
       detectors.emplace_back(child);
       return;
     }
     ElementPath elements;
     for(DetElement par = child; par.isValid(); par = par.parent())  {
       elements.emplace_back(par);
       if ( par.ptr() == parent.ptr() )  {
         detectors = elements;
         return;
       }
     }
     throw std::runtime_error(std::string("The detector element ")+parent.name()+std::string(" is no parent of ")+child.name());
   }
   throw std::runtime_error("Search for parent detector element with invalid handles not allowed.");
 }
 
 /// Collect detector elements placements to the top detector element (world) [fast, but may have holes!]
 void detail::tools::elementPath(DetElement parent, DetElement element, PlacementPath& det_nodes) {
   for(DetElement par = element; par.isValid(); par = par.parent())  {
     PlacedVolume pv = par.placement();
     if ( pv.isValid() )  {
       det_nodes.emplace_back(pv);
     }
     if ( par.ptr() == parent.ptr() ) return;
   }
   throw std::runtime_error(std::string("The detector element ")+parent.name()+std::string(" is no parent of ")+element.name());
 }
 
 /// Collect detector elements placements to the top detector element (world) [fast, but may have holes!]
 void detail::tools::elementPath(DetElement element, PlacementPath& det_nodes) {
   for(DetElement par = element; par.isValid(); par = par.parent())  {
     PlacedVolume pv = par.placement();
     if ( pv.isValid() )  {
       det_nodes.emplace_back(pv);
     }
   }
 }
 
 /// Assemble the path of the PlacedVolume selection
 std::string detail::tools::elementPath(const PlacementPath& nodes, bool reverse)   {
   std::string path = "";
   if ( reverse )  {
     for(auto i=nodes.rbegin(); i != nodes.rend(); ++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i).name());
   }
   else  {
     for(auto i=begin(nodes); i != end(nodes); ++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i)->GetName());
   }
   return path;
 }
 
 /// Assemble the path of the PlacedVolume selection
 std::string detail::tools::elementPath(const ElementPath& nodes, bool reverse)  {
   std::string path = "";
   if ( reverse )  {
     for(ElementPath::const_reverse_iterator i=nodes.rbegin();i!=nodes.rend();++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i)->GetName());
   }
   else  {
     for(ElementPath::const_iterator i=nodes.begin();i!=nodes.end();++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i)->GetName());
   }
   return path;
 }
 
 /// Assemble the path of a particular detector element
 std::string detail::tools::elementPath(DetElement element)  {
   ElementPath nodes;
   elementPath(element,nodes);
   return elementPath(nodes);
 }
 
 /// Find DetElement as child of the top level volume by its absolute path
 DetElement detail::tools::findElement(const Detector& description, const std::string& path)   {
   return findDaughterElement(description.world(),path);
 }
 
 /// Find DetElement as child of a parent by its relative or absolute path
 DetElement detail::tools::findDaughterElement(DetElement parent, const std::string& subpath)  {
   if ( parent.isValid() )   {
     size_t idx = subpath.find('/',1);
     if ( subpath[0] == '/' )   {
       DetElement top = topElement(parent);
       if ( idx == std::string::npos ) return top;
       return findDaughterElement(top,subpath.substr(idx+1));
     }
     if ( idx == std::string::npos )
       return parent.child(subpath);
     std::string name = subpath.substr(0,idx);
     DetElement node = parent.child(name);
     if ( node.isValid() )   {
       return findDaughterElement(node,subpath.substr(idx+1));
     }
     throw std::runtime_error("dd4hep: DetElement "+parent.path()+" has no child named:"+name+" [No such child]");
   }
   throw std::runtime_error("dd4hep: Cannot determine child with path "+subpath+" from invalid parent [invalid handle]");
 }
 
 /// Determine top level element (=world) for any element walking up the detector element tree
 DetElement detail::tools::topElement(DetElement child)   {
   if ( child.isValid() )   {
     if ( child.parent().isValid() )
       return topElement(child.parent());
     return child;
   }
   throw std::runtime_error("dd4hep: DetElement cannot determine top parent (world) [invalid handle]");
 }
 
 static void detail::tools::makePlacementPath(PlacementPath det_nodes, PlacementPath& all_nodes)   {
   for (size_t i = 0, n = det_nodes.size(); n > 0 && i < n-1; ++i)   {
     if (!findChildByName(det_nodes[i + 1], det_nodes[i], all_nodes))   {
       throw std::runtime_error("dd4hep: DetElement cannot determine placement path of "
                                + std::string(det_nodes[i].name()) + " [internal error]");
     }
   }
   if ( det_nodes.size() > 0 )   {
     all_nodes.emplace_back(det_nodes.back());
   }
 }
 
 /// Collect detector elements placements to the top detector element (world) [no holes!]
 void detail::tools::placementPath(DetElement element, PlacementPath& all_nodes)   {
   PlacementPath det_nodes;
   elementPath(element,det_nodes);
   makePlacementPath(std::move(det_nodes), all_nodes);
 }
 
 /// Collect detector elements placements to the parent detector element [no holes!]
 void detail::tools::placementPath(DetElement parent, DetElement element, PlacementPath& all_nodes)   {
   PlacementPath det_nodes;
   elementPath(parent,element,det_nodes);
   makePlacementPath(std::move(det_nodes), all_nodes);
 }
 
 /// Assemble the path of the PlacedVolume selection
 std::string detail::tools::placementPath(DetElement element)  {
   PlacementPath path;
   placementPath(element,path);
   return placementPath(std::move(path));
 }
 
 /// Assemble the path of the PlacedVolume selection
 std::string detail::tools::placementPath(const PlacementPath& nodes, bool reverse)  {
   std::string path = "";
   if ( reverse )  {
     for(PlacementPath::const_reverse_iterator i=nodes.rbegin();i!=nodes.rend();++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i)->GetName());
   }
   else  {
     for(PlacementPath::const_iterator i=nodes.begin();i!=nodes.end();++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i)->GetName());
   }
   return path;
 }
 
 /// Assemble the path of the PlacedVolume selection
 std::string detail::tools::placementPath(const std::vector<const TGeoNode*>& nodes, bool reverse)   {
   std::string path = "";
   if ( reverse )  {
     for(std::vector<const TGeoNode*>::const_reverse_iterator i=nodes.rbegin();i!=nodes.rend();++i)
       path += "/" + std::string((*i)->GetName());
     return path;
   }
   for( const auto* n : nodes )
     path += "/" + std::string(n->GetName());
   return path;
 }
 
 /// Update cached matrix to transform to positions to an upper level Placement
 void detail::tools::placementTrafo(const PlacementPath& nodes, bool inverse, TGeoHMatrix*& mat) {
   if ( !mat ) mat = new TGeoHMatrix(*gGeoIdentity);
   placementTrafo(nodes,inverse,*mat);
 }
 
 /// Update cached matrix to transform to positions to an upper level Placement
 void detail::tools::placementTrafo(const PlacementPath& nodes, bool inverse, TGeoHMatrix& mat) {
   mat = *gGeoIdentity;
   if (nodes.size() > 0) {
     for (size_t i = 0, n=nodes.size(); n>0 && i < n-1; ++i)  {
       const PlacedVolume& p = nodes[i];
       mat.MultiplyLeft(p->GetMatrix());
     }
     if ( inverse ) mat = mat.Inverse();
   }
 }
 
 /// Find a given node in the hierarchy starting from the top node (absolute placement!)
 PlacedVolume detail::tools::findNode(PlacedVolume top_place, const std::string& place)   {
   TGeoNode* top = top_place.ptr();
   const char* path = place.c_str();
   // Check if a geometry path is valid without changing the state of the navigator.
   Int_t length = strlen(path);
   if (!length) return 0;
   TString spath = path;
   TGeoVolume *vol;
   // Check first occurance of a '/'
   Int_t ind1 = spath.Index("/");
   if (ind1<0) {
     // No '/' so we check directly the path against the name of the top
     if ( strcmp(path,top->GetName()) ) return 0;
     return top;
   }
   Int_t ind2 = ind1;
   Bool_t end = kFALSE;
   if (ind1>0) ind1 = -1;   // no trailing '/'
   else ind2 = spath.Index("/", ind1+1);
 
   if (ind2<0) ind2 = length;
   TString name(spath(ind1+1, ind2-ind1-1));
   if ( name == top->GetName() ) {
     if (ind2>=length-1) return top;
     ind1 = ind2;
   }
   else  {
     return 0;
   }
   TGeoNode *node = top;
   // Deeper than just top level
   while (!end) {
     ind2 = spath.Index("/", ind1+1);
     if (ind2<0) {
       ind2 = length;
       end  = kTRUE;
     }
     vol = node->GetVolume();
     name = spath(ind1+1, ind2-ind1-1);
     node = vol->GetNode(name.Data());
     if (!node)
       return 0;
     else if (ind2>=length-1)
       return node;
     ind1 = ind2;
   }
   return node;
 }
 
 /// Convert VolumeID to string
 std::string detail::tools::toString(const PlacedVolume::VolIDs& ids)   {
   std::stringstream log;
   for( const auto& v : ids )
     log << v.first << "=" << v.second << "; ";
   return log.str();
 }
 
 /// Convert VolumeID to string
 std::string detail::tools::toString(const IDDescriptor& dsc, const PlacedVolume::VolIDs& ids, VolumeID code)   {
   std::stringstream log;
   for( const auto& id : ids )  {
     const BitFieldElement* f = dsc.field(id.first);
     VolumeID value = f->value(code);
     log << id.first << "=" << id.second << "," << value << " [" << f->offset() << "," << f->width() << "] ";
   }
   return log.str();
 }
 
 /// Extract all the path elements from a path
 std::vector<std::string> detail::tools::pathElements(const std::string& path)   {
   std::vector<std::string> result;
   if ( !path.empty() )  {
     std::string tmp = path[0]=='/' ? path.substr(1) : path;
     for(size_t idx=tmp.find('/'); idx != std::string::npos; idx=tmp.find('/'))  {
       std::string val = tmp.substr(0,idx);
       result.emplace_back(val);
       tmp = tmp.length()>idx ? tmp.substr(idx+1) : std::string();
     }
     if ( !tmp.empty() )  {
       result.emplace_back(tmp);
     }
   }
   return result;
 }

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